1、一种高碳钢低温干摩擦行为的研究Title: Study on the Low-Temperature Dry Friction Behavior of High Carbon SteelAbstract:In this study, the low-temperature dry friction behavior of high carbon steel was investigated. The effect of loading pressure, sliding velocity, and sliding distance on the coefficient of friction
2、and wear rate was studied using a reciprocating ball-on-disk tribometer. The microstructure and surface morphology of the worn surface were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the coefficient of friction
3、increased with increasing sliding velocity and pressure. The wear rate initially increased with increasing sliding distance and then gradually decreased. The worn surface showed brittle fracture, deformation, and adhesive wear. The increase in carbon content in high carbon steel led to higher hardne
4、ss and tensile strength, which promoted the formation of a harder and denser oxide layer, enhancing its wear-resistance.Introduction:High carbon steel has high hardness, excellent wear resistance, and high strength, making it ideal for applications in heavy machinery and engineering. However, during
5、 dry friction, high carbon steel is vulnerable to severe abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and fatigue wear. Understanding the friction and wear behavior of high carbon steel at low temperatures can help design more efficient and durable components for these critical applications.Experimental Procedures
6、:A high carbon steel sample (C=0.8%) was mounted on a reciprocating ball-on-disk tribometer. The testing parameters were varied as follows: sliding velocity (0.05-0.2m/s), sliding distance (0.5-2km), and loading pressure (1-5N). The friction coefficient was measured automatically throughout the test
7、, and the wear rate was calculated from the mass loss of the sample. After testing, the worn surface was analyzed using SEM and EDS.Results and Discussion:The results showed that the coefficient of friction increased with increasing sliding velocity and pressure. This behavior can be attributed to a
8、n increase in energy dissipating mechanisms, including surface roughness, adhesive bonding, and plastic deformation. The wear rate initially increased with increasing sliding distance and then gradually decreased. This behavior could be attributed to the formation of a protective oxide layer, which
9、reduced the contact between the surfaces.The SEM images of the worn surface showed areas of brittle fracture, deformation, and adhesive wear. The EDS analysis indicated the presence of iron oxide, carbon, and trace amounts of other elements.In conclusion, the low-temperature dry friction behavior of
10、 high carbon steel was investigated in this study. It was found that the increase in carbon content led to higher hardness and strength, promoting the formation of a harder and denser oxide layer, enhancing the wear-resistance of high carbon steel. The results of this study can help optimize the des
11、ign of high carbon steel components, leading to greater efficiency and durability. Keywords: high carbon steel, low-temperature friction, wear mechanism, oxide formation, wear-resistance.Further analysis of the results showed that the formation of the oxide layer on the worn surface played a crucial
12、 role in reducing wear rates. The oxide layer was formed due to the reaction between the high carbon steel and oxygen in the atmosphere, which resulted in the formation of a harder and more wear-resistant surface layer. This layer acted as a barrier between the contacting surfaces, preventing direct
13、 surface-to-surface contact and reducing wear.Additionally, the SEM images showed that the worn surface had craters and furrows. These features indicated the presence of severe abrasive wear caused by the roughness of the contacting surfaces. It was also observed that the wear debris was mainly in t
14、he form of iron oxide particles, indicating that the oxide layer played a vital role in reducing wear.The results of this study suggested that the low-temperature dry friction behavior of high carbon steel could be enhanced through proper surface treatment methods. For instance, the formation of a p
15、rotective oxide layer could be accelerated through surface treatments such as oxidation, nitriding, or carburizing. Additionally, the surface roughness could be reduced to decrease the probability of abrasive wear by utilizing polishing or hard-coating techniques.In conclusion, this study provided v
16、aluable insights into the low-temperature dry friction behavior of high carbon steel. The results highlighted the importance of the oxide layer in reducing wear rates and the effects of contact pressure and sliding velocity on friction behavior. The findings of this study could be utilized to enhanc
17、e the wear-resistance of high carbon steel and design more durable and efficient components for various industrial applications.Moreover, the study demonstrated that the coefficient of friction of high carbon steel increased with an increase in contact pressure and sliding velocity. The increase in
18、contact pressure resulted in higher deformation and plastic flow of the material, leading to an increase in the coefficient of friction. At higher sliding velocities, the frictional force correspondingly increased due to the greater energy dissipation at the interface between the sliding surfaces.Th
19、e results suggested that design engineers should consider the contact pressure and sliding velocity when selecting materials for components subjected to low-temperature dry friction. The selection of high carbon steel, in combination with appropriate surface treatments, could provide good wear resis
20、tance even at low temperatures.The study also highlighted the importance of choosing the appropriate lubricant in low-temperature dry friction applications. The use of lubricants with high viscosity and high pressure resistance could greatly reduce the coefficient of friction and wear rates of the s
21、liding surfaces. Thus, the selection of the appropriate lubricant should be considered for different applications to achieve maximum efficiency and durability of components.In conclusion, the study provided valuable information on the low-temperature dry friction behavior of high carbon steel. The r
22、esults indicated that the formation of an oxide layer played a crucial role in reducing wear rates, and the coefficient of friction was affected by contact pressure, sliding velocity, and the use of lubricants. Design engineers could utilize the findings of this study to design more durable and effi
23、cient components for various industrial applications.Furthermore, the study also investigated the wear mechanisms that occur during low-temperature dry friction of high carbon steel. It was found that the wear behavior of the material was influenced by several factors, including the microstructure,
24、hardness, and chemical composition of the steel.At low sliding velocities, abrasive wear dominated due to the presence of hard particles on the sliding surfaces. As the sliding velocity increased, plowing and adhesion wear mechanisms became more prevalent. The plowing mechanism is characterized by t
25、he displacement of material on the surface of the steel, leading to the formation of grooves and scratches. Adhesion wear is caused by the formation of localized contacts between the sliding surfaces, resulting in the transfer of material from one surface to the other.The study also analyzed the inf
26、luence of heat on the low-temperature friction behavior of high carbon steel. It was observed that temperature played an important role in the tribological behavior of the material. At elevated temperatures, the coefficient of friction was found to decrease due to the increase in plastic deformation
27、 and the formation of a tribofilm layer on the sliding surfaces.Overall, the study provided valuable insights into the tribological properties of high carbon steel in low-temperature dry friction conditions. The findings can be used by material scientists and engineers to design and develop more rob
28、ust and wear-resistant components for a variety of applications. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of understanding the fundamental mechanisms of friction and wear in industrial systems to improve their efficiency and reliability.Yes, that is correct. The research conducted on the tribol
29、ogical properties of high carbon steel in low-temperature dry friction conditions provides valuable insights into the wear mechanisms that occur during low-temperature friction, and highlights the influence of several factors on the tribological behavior of the material. These findings can aid in designing more wear-resistant components for various applications and improve the efficiency and reliability of industrial systems.
