1、00时样品是完全脱水; (2)400时固体为0.720g,根据铁原子守恒可知,400铁元素为0.0100mol,其质量为0.560g,剩余的质量为0.016g,由于草酸盐受热分解易放出碳的氧化物,则0.016g应该是氧元素的质量,其物质的量为0.0100mol,则铁、氧原子物质的量之比为1:1,因此该化合物是氧化亚铁,其化学式是,FeO,所以反应的化学方程式是FeC2O4 FeOCOCO2;(3)600固体为0.800g,根据铁原子守恒可知,铁元素为0.0100mol,其质量为0.560g,剩余氧元素质量为0.024g,其物质的量为0.0150mol,则铁、氧原子物质的量之比为2:3,因此该固
2、体是氧化铁,氧化铁溶于盐酸生成氯化铁,铁离子水解溶液显酸性,其离子方程式是Fe33H2O Fe(OH)33H;根据氢氧化铁的溶度积常数可知,当溶液中铁离子的离子浓度为4.010-11mol/L时,溶液中c(OH) 109mol/L,所以溶液中c(H)105mol/L,因此pH5;(4)1500时样品池中残留的固体为0.773g,根据铁原子守恒可知,铁元素为0.0100mol,其质量为0.560g,剩余氧元素质量为0.213 g,其物质的量为0.0133mol,则铁、氧原子物质的量之比为3:4,因此该固体是四氧化三铁,因此1500时氧化铁分解生成了四氧化三铁,因此1500C的反应为:6Fe2O3
3、4Fe3O4O2;四氧化三铁溶于盐酸生成氯化铁、氯化亚铁和水,因此残留固体与盐酸反应的化学方程式为:Fe3O48HCl=FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O;从实验可以验证这个结论:取少量该溶液滴加KSCN溶液,溶液显血红色说明有铁离子、另取少量该溶液滴加K3Fe(CN)6)(铁氰化钾)溶液,产生特征蓝色沉淀,这说明溶液中还有亚铁离子生成。11醚键 取代反应 【分析】由框图知A为, 由C的结构简式知含氧官能团为“一O-”为醚键;E+M,M中生成了肽键,则为取代反应。(2)由M逆推,知E的结构筒式为。逆推D的结构筒式为,C与D比较知,D比C比了“一NO2,则应为C发生硝化反应所得。(4)碱性条件能
4、水解,则含有酯基,与FeCl3能发生显色反应,则说明含有酚羟基,且酚羟基与酯基互为对位关系。(5)由合成产物逆推,产物可以由与乙醇酯化得到,羧基可以由“-CN”水解获得,和CH2=CHCN相连,可以先将CH2=CHCN与Br2发生加成反应生成卤代物,再发生类似于流程中A-B的反应.【详解】(1)由C的结构简式知化合物C中的含氧官能团为醚键,反应为+,其反应类型为取代反应。答案:醚键 ;取代反应。(2)根据分析知E的结构简式为:;答案:。(3)反应是的反应。其化学方程式:;答案:。(4)碱性条件能水解,则含有酯基,与FeCl3能发生显色反应,则说明含有酚羟基, 分子中含有4种不同化学环境的氢,酚
5、羟基与酯基互为对位关系。;答案:。(5)已知CH3CH2CNCH3CH2COOH。以、CH2=CHCN和乙醇为原料合成化合物 的合成路线流程图为:。12 SiO2 Fe 磁铁吸附 温度过高,双氧水会分解 B Fe、H2SO4 1021 【详解】试题分析:(1)焙烧黄铜矿废渣时发生的反应为4FeCuS2+13O28SO2+2Fe2O3+4CuO,故答案为4FeCuS2+13O28SO2+2Fe2O3+4CuO;(2)加入硫酸后,只有SiO2不与硫酸反应,故滤渣为SiO2,故答案为SiO2;(3)为了分离硫酸铁与硫酸铜,加入的X应为Fe,滤渣B为铁和铜,分离的最简单的方法为磁铁吸附,故答案为Fe,
6、磁铁吸附;(4)加入过氧化氢后,若温度更高,会引起过氧化氢分解,工业上此过程应在反应釜中进行,故答案为温度过高,双氧水会分解,B;(5)由流程图可知,可循环使用的物质有Fe、H2SO4,故答案为Fe、H2SO4;(6)由题意可知当生成1mol聚铁时,理论上消耗30%H2O2(密度为111g/cm3)的体积为V,可列式得出,解得V=1021mL,故答案为1021mL。考点:硫及其化合物铁、铜及其化合物、化学与资源开发答案第11页,总11页3)该细胞减数分裂完成后形成_个精细胞,每个精细胞含有_条染色体。42. 一头黑色母牛A与一头黑色公牛B交配,生出一头棕色的雌牛C(黑色与棕色由一对遗传因子B、
7、b控制),请回答下列问题: (1)该性状遗传中,属于显性性状的是_,棕色牛C的遗传因子组成是_。(2)要想确定某头黑牛的遗传因子组成,遗传育种上常用_法。(3)若A与B牛再交配繁殖,生出一头黑牛的概率是_。三、识图作答题(本大题共2小题,共24.0分)43. 在学习孟德尔豌豆杂交实验后,某兴趣小组选择玉米子粒黄色与白色(由基因A、a控制)这对相对性状进行遗传实验,过程如下图所示,请分析回答:(1)该相对性状中_色为显性性状,由过程能否判断玉米子粒颜色的显隐性关系?_。(2)F1中黄色与白色比例为1:1,其主要原因是亲本中黄色子粒玉米产生的配子种类及其比例为_。(3)F2中黄色子粒玉米的基因型为
8、_,其中能稳定遗传的占_。44. 玉米植株的性别决定受两对基因(B-b,T-t)的支配,这两对基因位于非同源染色体上,玉米植株的性别和基因型的对应关系如下表,请回答下列问题: 基因型 B和T同时存在 (B_T_) 雌雄同株 T存在,B不存在 (bbT_) 雄株 T不存在 (B_tt或bbtt) 雌株 (1)雌雄同株的玉米共有_种基因型,其中能稳定遗传个体的基因型为_。(2)某株玉米能产生四种类型配子,则其自交,后代的表现型及比例为_。(3)现要确定某雄株的基因型,选择纯合的雌株(bbtt)与之杂交。若后代全为雄株,则该雄株的基因型为_。若后代的性别有雄株和雌株,且分离比为_,则该植株的基因型为
9、 _答案和解析1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B5. B 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B11. B 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. C16. B 17. A 18. A 19. A 20. A21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A31. B 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. D37 A 38. B 39. A 40. C41.【答案】(1)一(2)联会;四分体(3)4;242.【答案】(1)黑色;bb(2)测交(3)3/443.【答案】(1)黄;能(2)A:
10、a=1:1(3)AA或Aa;1/344.【答案】(1)4;BBTT(2)雌雄同株:雄株: 雌株 = 9:3:4(3) bbTT1:1;bbTt- 9 -运城市高中联合体20202021学年度3月份调研测试高一化学考生注意:1.本试卷满分100分,考试时间90分钟。2.答题前,考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时,请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围:新人教版必
11、修二第五章完。5.可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 O 16 N 14 Na 23 Cl 35.5 S 32 Fe 56 Cu 64 Ba 137一、选择题(本题共16小题,每小题3分,共48分。在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.下列说法正确的是A.浓硫酸与浓硝酸敞口放置都会变稀,两者原理相同B.因为SO2具有漂白性,所以它能使品红溶液和溴水褪色C.氨易液化,汽化时会吸收大量热,可作制冷剂D.某溶液中滴加BaCl2溶液,生成不溶于稀硝酸的白色沉淀,证明一定含有SO422.下列反应对应的离子方程式正确的是A.将过量的铁粉加入稀硝酸中:Fe4HNO3Fe3NO2H2OB
12、.向Al2(SO4)3溶液中加入过量NH3H2O:Al34NH3H2OAl(OH)44NH4C.向碳酸氢钙溶液中加入过量的NaOH溶液:Ca2HCO3OHCaCO3H2OD.Cu2O与足量稀硝酸反应:3Cu2O14H2NO36Cu22NO7H2O3.NA表示阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是A.常温常压下,46 g NO2和N2O4混合气体中所含的原子总数为3NAB.反应4FeS211O22Fe2O38SO2,每生成1 mol Fe2O3转移电子总数为44NAC.常温下,将5.6 g铁投入足量的浓硫酸中转移电子数为0.3NAD.密闭容器中,2 mol SO2和1 mol O2催化反应后分子总
13、数为2NA4.在给定条件下,下列物质间转化均能实现的是A.B.C.D.5.SO2和CO2属于酸性氧化物,化学性质具有一定的相似性。将SO2气体分别通入下列溶液中,始终没有明显现象的是Na2SiO3溶液 CaCl2溶液 Ba(OH)2溶液 Ba(NO3)2溶液 H2S溶液A. B. C.只有 D.只有6.下列有关硅及其化合物的说法中错误的是A.制造光导纤维的主要原料是SiO2B.碳化硅陶瓷属于新型无机非金属材料C.硅酸钠属于盐,不属于碱,所以硅酸钠可以保存在磨口玻璃塞试剂瓶中D.北斗导航系统计算机的芯片材料是单质硅7.在一定条件下,将6体积的NO2(不考虑NO2转化为N2O4)和一定体积的NO置
14、于试管中,并将试管倒置于盛有水的水槽中,待试管内液面不变后再通入4.5体积的O2充分反应后,剩余1.5体积气体,则原NO体积可能为A.3体积 B.4体积 C.5体积 D.2体积8.为了除去粗盐中的Ca2、Mg2、SO42及泥沙,可将粗盐溶于水,然后进行下列五项操作:过滤 加过量NaOH溶液 加适量盐酸 加过量Na2CO3溶液 加过量BaCl2溶液。下列操作顺序中最合适的是A. B. C. D.9.一氧化氮是一种大气污染物,是吸烟、汽车尾气及垃圾燃烧等释放出的有害气体,但是这种最常见、最简单的气体小分子在生物体内却是一种重要的信使分子,具有保护心血管,降低血压等作用。下列关于NO的说法中错误的是
15、A.NO是无色气体 B.NO是汽车尾气的有害成分之一C.可以用向上排空气法收集NO D.NO在一定条件下也可作氧化剂10.如图是实验室进行氨溶于水的“喷泉实验”的装置,下列叙述错误的A.该实验的现象说明氨气是一种极易溶于水的气体B.引发该实验的操作是打开止水夹,用热毛巾将烧瓶捂热C.出现红色喷泉,说明氨水显碱性D.用二氧化碳气体代替氨气,利用此装置也可以进行喷泉实验11.下列有关元素及其化合物的叙述正确的是A.采用加热升华的方法除去NH4Cl晶体中混有的I2B.除去CO2中的SO2可将气体通入饱和的NaHCO3溶液C.将稀硫酸滴加到Fe(NO3)2溶液中无明显现象D.SO2、CO2、NH3三种
16、气体都可以用浓硫酸干燥12.已知某物质X能发生如图转化,其中物质X、Y、Z、A均含有同一种元素。下列有关上述转化关系中物质及其反应的叙述错误的是A.若X为N2或NH3,则A为硝酸B.若X为S,则A为硫酸C.反应和一定为氧化还原反应,反应一定为非氧化还原反应D.若X为非金属单质或非金属氢化物,则A不一定能与金属铜反应生成Y13.NSR技术能降低柴油发动机在空气过量条件下NOx的排放,其工作原理如图所示。下列说法错误的是A.降低NOx排放可以减少酸雨的形成B.储存过程中NOx被还原C.还原过程中消耗1 mol Ba(NO3)2转移的电子数为10 NA(NA为阿伏加德罗常数的值)D.通过BaO和Ba
17、(NO3)2的相互转化实现NOx的储存和还原14.现有一混合物的水溶液,只可能含有以下离子中的若干种:K、NH4、Cl、Mg2、Ba2、CO32、SO42,现取三份100 mL溶液进行如下实验:(1)第一份加入AgNO3溶液有沉淀产生;(2)第二份加入足量NaOH溶液加热后,收集到气体1.12 L(标准状况下);(3)第三份加足量BaCl2溶液后,得干燥沉淀4.30 g,经足量盐酸洗涤干燥后,沉淀质量为2.33 g。则对原混合液中的离子组成的说法正确的是A.一定有K B.不能确定是否有ClC.一定有NH4、SO42、CO32、Cl D.一定无Mg2、Ba2、K15.某同学设计的微型实验装置验证
18、SO2的性质,通过分析实验,下列结论表达错误的是A.a棉球褪色,验证SO2具有漂白性 B.b棉球褪色,验证SO2具有酸性氧化物的通性C.c棉球蓝色褪去,验证SO2氧化性 D.可以使用碱液吸收尾气16.向200 mL稀硫酸和稀硝酸的混合溶液中缓慢加入铁粉,产生气体的体积随铁粉质量的变化如图所示(已知硝酸只被还原为NO气体)。下列说法正确的是A.OA段反应的离子方程式为:Fe2HFe2H2B.A点溶液中的溶质为Fe2(SO4)3C.原混合溶液中NO3的物质的量为0.2 molD.原混合溶液中H2SO4的物质的量浓度为1 molL1二、非选择题(本题包括4小题,共52分)17.(11分)某化学兴趣小
19、组为探究SO2的性质,按下图所示装置进行实验。请回答下列问题:(1)装置A中盛放亚硫酸钠的仪器名称是 。(2)A中发生反应的化学方程式为 。(3)实验过程中,装置B中的现象是 ,该现象说明SO2具有 性;装置C中反应的化学方程式为 。(4)装置D的目的是探究SO2与品红作用的可逆性,请写出实验操作及现象 。18.(15分)A、B、C、D是四种常见气体单质。E的相对分子质量比F小16,且F为红棕色。有关的转化关系如图所示(反应条件与部分反应的生成物略去)。请回答下列问题:(1)D的化学式为 ,Y的化学式为 ,E的化学式为 。(2)Y与氧化铜反应,每生成1 mol B消耗3 mol氧化铜,该反应的
20、化学方程式为: 。(3)Y与E在一定条件下可反应生成B和Z,这是一个具有实际意义的反应,可消除E对环境的污染,该反应的化学方程式为 。(4)气体F和气体SO2在通常条件下同时通入盛有BaCl2溶液的洗气瓶中(如图所示),洗气瓶中是否有沉淀生成?(填“有”或“没有”) ,理由是 。(5)写出的化学方程式: 。19.(12分)碳和硅及其化合物的开发由来已久,在现代生活中有广泛应用。(1)高纯硅是现代信息、半导体和光伏发电等产业都需要的基础材料。工业上制备高纯硅通常第一步是利用石英砂和焦炭在电弧炉中制粗硅,则该反应的化学方程式是 。(2)某同学为了验证碳酸和硅酸两种酸的相对强弱,用图示装置进行实验(
21、夹持仪器已略去,气密性已检验)。回答下诸暨中学2021学年高二期中考试英语试卷命题教师:杨丽莎 考生须知:1本卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟;2所有答案必须写在答题卷上,写在试卷上无效;3考试结束后,只需上交答题卷。第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Where does the dialogue probably happen?A. In the
22、ticket office. B. On the platform.C. In the waiting room.2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Customs in Rome. B. Driving rules in the US.C. Traffic rules in Hongkong.3. What does the man intend to do tomorrow?A. Have a good sleep. B. Go to see the dentist.C. Watch a soccer match.4. What
23、 is the womans suggestion for the man?A. Put off his travel to New Zealand.B. Try various means of payment.C. Carry enough cash on him.5. How does Tom feel about his hair?A. He feels worried about it.B. He feels it out of style.C. He feels confused about it.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或
24、独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题. 每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独自读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6. Whats the possible relationship between the two speakers?A. Bookseller and customer.B. Librarian and reader.C. Professor and student.7. What will the man do for the woman?A. Search
25、 the shelf.B. Check the database.C. Keep the book.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8. What is wrong with the womans computer?A. The laptop cant get started.B. The screen has got much darker.C. The keyboard isnt functioning well.9. What does the man think of Apple?A. It is unreliable.B. It is of high quality.C. Its b
26、etter than IBM.10. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Repair her computer.B. Buy her a new computer.C.Lend her his own computer.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11. What did the woman use to be?A. A nurse.B. A housewife.C. A nutritionist.12. What does the woman enjoy doing?A. Washing clothes.B. Making
27、meals.C. Caring for children.13. What has led to few stay-at-home parents according to the woman?A. The high financial pressure.B. The neighborhood effects.C. The boring housework.听第9段材科,回答第14至16题。14. Whats the womans opinion of famous brands?A. They are very attractive.B. They make people feel good
28、.C. They arent worth the high price.15. Why do some people prefer famous brands according to the man?A. To look special and fashionable. B. To show off their wealth.C. To change the fashion.16. What is the mans concern in shopping?A. Brand and popularity.B. Quality and price.C. Fashion and style.听第1
29、0段材料,回答第17至20题。17. Whats this years exhibition about?A. Holiday posters.B. Railway posters.C. Film posters.18. What can be learned about Alan Brown?A. He is a successful film director.B. He is a famous stage actor.C. He is a popular local writer.19. How long does the Tourist Center stay open on Tues
30、day?A. 7 hours.B. 8 hours.C. 9 hours.20. Where can people go if they want to see a play?A. Town Hall.B. The Tourist Center.C. The Arts Center.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AEmory Jensen, a 10-year-old fourth-grader, ran her fingers across a wall covered
31、 in artwork as she walked through an art exhibit. “Its something that would get me in trouble or kicked out elsewhere,” she said unbelievably.But Emory, who is unable to see, wasnt kicked out, because it wasnt at a typical art museum, but at the fully immersive (沉浸式的) art experience called “dreamsca
32、pes” as part of a field trip designed to help expose blind students to art. “We can all just feel it and its not what we can only look at,” she continued. “Its awesome. The experience is like that in Alice in Wonderland.” The student also said she wanted to visit again with her cousin who suffers th
33、e same inborn eyesight problem.“Most of these students probably have never been able to go to an art museum or really get to experience what art is,” said Kate Borg, director of blind campus programs. Art is typically focused on visuals, but “dreamscapes” is aimed at more. Sight, touch and smell are
34、 a big part of it, as well as emotional feelings. It uses different sounds, smells and substances (物质) in the artwork and allows people to walk through spaces with different themes.Some staff were blown away to watch the children experience the art. “I couldnt hold back my tears,” said Andrea Silva,
35、 “dreamscapes” manager. “Ive never seen a visitor so lost in and curious about the art. We wanted it to be accessible to everyone, including and especially kids.”Accessibility for art is vital, Borg said. “We read research after research that talks about creativity and art being so important for chi
36、ldren in their development and growth,” she said. “And just because a child is blind or visually impaired (受损的) doesnt mean that they shouldnt have the same opportunity. They absolutely need to be close to art, and we have to be a little more creative in making sure we provide that.”21. What can be
37、learned about “dreamscapes”? A. It is open to the students only.B. It is focused on various senses.C. It is built with special materials.D. It is decorated to look like a fantasy world.22. How did Silva feel when seeing kids experience the art?A. Touched.B. Curious.C. Proud.D. Puzzled.23. What does
38、Borg stress in the last paragraph?A. The necessity for children to research art.B. The way to get children to think creatively.C. The reason to help blind kids get access to art.D. The importance for blind kids to develop overall.BDear Mr Jones,I expect you may be slightly surprised to receive a let
39、ter from someone living as near as your next-door neighbor, but I have to raise a subject that it will be easier for me to discuss in writing.You may have noticed that I have a line of apple trees running alongside the fence that separates our two gardens. You may also have taken pleasure in the fre
40、quent sight of your two children sitting on your lawn directly by the fence. And you may also have noticed that my apple trees, so to speak, bend over the fence and seem to look down at your children with interest.It is only natural that your children should sometimes seem to return that interest. A
41、nd it is not only natural, but, I acknowledge, quite legal, for them occasionally to show that interest by picking all the apples that hang over on your side of the fence.But to be plain with you, Mr Jones, I am tired of seeing your children, day after day, tear the branches off the side of every on
42、e of my apple trees, and leave my trees looking as though a battle had been fought on one side of them. I am, if anything, even more tired of waking up these fine autumn mornings, to find even the apples on my side of the fence much less in number. I know this is the work of your children, since las
43、t night I was woken up midnight by the noise they were making climbing one of my trees, and (as they may have told you) chased them home.While I am on the subject, I am at least grateful to you for keeping your bonfire (篝火) on the far side of your garden this year. Last year neither I nor your children had an