1、第四章 语法填空（Grammatical Cloze）第第1、2课时课时给提示提示词的的语法填空法填空题解解题技巧技巧不不给提示提示词的的语法填空法填空题解解题技巧技巧题型简介题型简介 语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一转变体现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。2007年高考广东卷率先使用该命题形式，各个省区相继采取这种方式。2014年2月份国家考试中心公布的考试说明宣布从
2、2014年开始，新课标高考全国卷也将以语法填空替代使用了几十年之久的单项选择。先学任务&Warming up:（2016年全国III卷）阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,41 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They
3、 can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs.andbe madeto create The Chinese have used c
4、hopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots,44 (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time,45 the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual)turned in
5、to chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In
6、India,for example,most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.usingas/whengraduallywhodevelopmentwerewithStep1:Step1:解题步骤解题步骤 1）通读全文，搞清文章大意，弄清主题、时态。2）依照语义、语法，参考常考知识点，进行填空。注意：时态、语态、性、数、格问题。3）通读全文，复查验证。Step2:Step2:知识点准备知识点准备1 1）定语从句：）定语从句：关系代词：which,that,who,whose,as;（注意as 引导的定语从句“such.as、the same.as
7、”）关系副词:when,where,why;非限制性定语从句引导词：which,as;介词+关系代词：介词+which2 2）状语从句：）状语从句：时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。时间状语从句，尤其是 as，since，while，when，before，until 等连接词；when/where 引导的状语从句；让步状语从句的倒装；as和though引导的让步状语从句可将表语提前；非谓语动词：现在分词（表主动和进行），过去分词（表被动和完成），动词不定式（表将来和目的）；3 3）名词性从句：）名词性从句：名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。复习重点：从属连词whether，if
8、 和 that 的用法（whether和or not连用，that没有意义，不充当成分）；连接代词和连接副词的选择4 4）时态、语态：）时态、语态：现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查。一般现在时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时的区别一般过去时和过去完成时的区别一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别“系动词+过去分词”的用法，如：get lost；remain unknown 等形式的用法进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法 5 5）其他：）其他：倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构等。it 作形式主语、形式宾语；there be
9、句型；it is/was+被强调部分+that/who强调句型；情态动词用法；主谓一致和时态语态的结合Step3Step3：语法填空题的出题方式：语法填空题的出题方式 1.1.给出提示词的语法填空：给出提示词的语法填空：主要考查：1）名词（单、复、所有格）2）动词（时态语态数；doing-done-to do）3）形容词、副词（原级、比较级、最高级、转换）4）代词（性、数、格）5）词类转换(名形副动）2.2.未给提示词的语法填空。未给提示词的语法填空。考查：冠、代、介、连、及一些副词（多为固定搭配）。3.3.解题关键：解题关键：1）把握大意；2）找关键词（1.看横线前后词；2.找出句中主语、谓
10、语、连词）；4.4.原则原则既要符合语意，又要合乎语法！Step4Step4：语法填空题解题技巧：语法填空题解题技巧1.1.考查名词（考查名词（n.n.）技巧：注意名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例如：There are many students living at school,the_(child)houses are all far from schoo1当堂导练：当堂导练：1）Do you know how many _(novel)are there on the shelf?2）In face of various _(nature)disasters
11、,what can we do to survive?3）He had a toothache,so he went to the _(dentist).一、给提示词的语法填空题一、给提示词的语法填空题childrenchildrens snovels snatural dentists2.2.考查动词（考查动词（v.v.）技巧：注意动词形式的变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(to do,doing,done)。例如：A talk_(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang当堂导练：当堂导练：1)Aski
12、ng about ones income _(view)impolite.2)Over time,many changes _(take place)in our country.3)The teacher entered the lab,_(follow)by some students.4)Some students entered the lab,_(follow)the teacher.5)His words encouraged me to work harder _(achieve)my goal.to be givenis viewedhave taken placefollow
13、edfollowingto achieve3.3.考查形容词（考查形容词（adj.adj.）、副词（）、副词（adv.adv.）技巧：1）形容词变为副词、副词变为形容词；2）形容词变成其比较级或最高级（构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词加moreless和mostleast，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the）；3）形容词变成其相反意义的adj.或adv.，例如：I am_(tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest students in my classLious lost his wallet yesterday，so he was
14、very_(happiness)less tallunhappy当堂导练：当堂导练：1)After retirement,the old man lived in the countryside _(peaceful).2)Compared with those children living in the countryside,we are _(happy).3)He is the athlete who jumps _(far)in the world.4)He was _(able)to finish this job by himself,so please help him.5)M
15、any other actors are _(badly)off than me at present,peacefullyhappierfarthestunableworse4.4.考查代词（考查代词（pron.pron.）技巧：注意代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no onenone、otheranother等。The king decided to see the painter by_(he)当堂导练：当堂导练：1）Firstly,we must under
16、stand the language when we hear _（it）spoken.2）I patiently walked to the library,took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _(I).himselfitmyself5.5.考查词性转换考查词性转换技巧：1）名词与形容词相互转换；2）形容词副词的相互转换；3）动词与名词的相互转换,例如：We must notice the _(important)of protecting the environment.当堂导练：当堂导练：1）But a recen
17、t study saw things quite _(different).2）The order in which they finished would decide the order of their _(appear)in the Chinese calendar.3）,so Im very careful not to give out my _(person)information.importancedifferentlyappearancepersonal1.1.考查冠词（考查冠词（art.art.）1)如果空格后是单数可数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a,an)
18、;2)如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(the)。例如：Jackie likes to drive at_ high speed当堂导练：当堂导练：1)They both are trying their best to realize _same dreamentering the key university.2)Reciting more texts is _useful way to broaden your vocabulary.二、未给提示词的语法填空题二、未给提示词的语法填空题athea2.2.考查介词或副词考查介词或副词常
19、用的介词有in，at，on，of，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但考查得较少。例如：Just then,he saw a blackboard in_ of himThe USconsists _fifty statesfrontof当堂导练：当堂导练：1）Old Toms grand-daughter used to visit him _ Saturday afternoons2）Though Liu Qiang did the same work _ Zhang Wen did，he got a low
20、er pay _ Zhang Wen3）Television is now playing a very important role _ our life.4）It was in this very room that I gave birth _ Linda seventeen years ago.onasthaninto3.3.考查连词、副词、关联短语考查连词、副词、关联短语常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等；常用的关联短语有bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等。表示并列：and,or等；表示因果：so,fo
21、r,therefore,thus等；表示递进：further,furthermore,moreover,in addition等;表示转折：but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though等。Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_his family was too poor_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatreforBothIt was only one day left,_,his father had no idea to answer him当
22、堂导练：当堂导练：1)I asked my classmates about her interest _ then I made my final decision.2)If a family has many children,the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd.The youngest child,_,often gets special treatment.howeverandhowever4.4.考查考查itit、从句引导词、从句引导词(what(what、thatthat、whowho、whichwhich、whenwhe
23、n、wherewhere等等)I like _ when my parents are friendly to me.He did not do_his father had asked him to doThose_want to go to the village must sign here当堂导练：当堂导练：1）One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.2）Some people say that oldest children,_ are smart and str
24、ong-willed,are very likely to succeed.3）I admired the painting,and Ted said he would like me to have _ as a gift from him.4）_ he wants is a bicycle.itwhatwhothatwhoitWhat5.5.考查固定搭配考查固定搭配根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。The children were playing on the ground，enjoying_,dirty b
25、ut happyHis boss was_angry as to fire him当堂导练：当堂导练：1）Mrs Baker was ill,so her daughter had to ask for a leave to take_of her2）Ive never heard _ stories as he told.3）Mr Smith took a plane to London _ of taking a trainthemselvessocaresuchinsteadStep5:Step5:巩固练习巩固练习People _1_(live)in different countrie
26、s made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred _2_（language）in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large dictionary,for example,contains four _3_ five hundred thousand words.But we do not need _4_ these.To read short stories you need to know only about two t
27、housand words._5_ you leave school,you will learn only one thousand or more.The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary _6_(big).Read as many books as we can.There are a lot of books _7_(write)in easy English.You will enjoy them.When you meet _8_ new word,look it _9_ in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your _10_(much)useful book.livinglanguagesorallBeforebiggerwrittenaupmostStep6:Step6:自辅落实自辅落实Finish the two exercises on the learning sheet.
