1、How to correct a composition 短文改错短文改错得法者，事半功倍得法者，事半功倍 一、动词形一、动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的主要包括两类错误：动词的时态时态和和语态语态错误，以及错误，以及主、谓不一致主、谓不一致的错误。的错误。2007四川卷：四川卷：Whenhegetshome,hesawtheanimalwaitingatthedoor,stillwearinghisjacketwiththewalletinthepocket.2007天津卷：天津卷：InGradeEightItookphysics.InonetestIgetonly36percentofth
2、eanswerscorrect.gotgot2006安徽卷：安徽卷：Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.2006安徽卷：安徽卷：Youcansitatthedeskandreadthedailynewspapers,magazinesandtheotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittotakethemoutwishespermitted1.After they had chose the books they wished to read,the instructor told them the principal points he wa
3、nted them to note.2.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikethefilm.chosenlikes3.I will like to know where you were born.4.I would like you read it again.5.My father mustnt have said such a thing.wouldtocouldnt/cant6.When our six children were young,suppertime is always being interrupted.7.Growing up
4、 is not easy.Sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.8.The bike outside my house is belonged to Tom.wasneeded解决方案解决方案(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动动.考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：面：(1)短文中时态的使用前后不一致短文中时态的使用前后不一致.(
5、2)在特定语境条件下时态的误用在特定语境条件下时态的误用(如含如含有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时态，而从句中则用一般现在时态态，而从句中则用一般现在时态).(3)主动语态和被动语态的混用主动语态和被动语态的混用.二、名词数二、名词数 指指名词单、复数形式名词单、复数形式的用法错误。的用法错误。2007陕西卷：陕西卷：Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.2008浙浙江江卷卷：Anearbycompanywaslookingfor students with good handwriting to wr
6、iteaddressesonevenlope.Thepaywas10centsperenvelope.lessons evenlopes2006福建卷福建卷：If you have interests in it,reply to me soon.2006陕西卷：陕西卷：They have all sorts of course.Im sure you will find one you like it.2006重庆卷：重庆卷：In summer,the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.interestcoursessky1.Th
7、e book will give you all the informations you need.2.He is on good term with me.3.He is a generous fellow,and will soon make friend with you again.They did not want me to do any work at family furniture,fun,homework,paper,news,progress,trouble,work（工作），（工作），advice等等informationtermsfriendshome4.He se
8、nt his daughter to a girls high school.5.Give me three spoonful of sugar.6.Aunt Mary returned home after ten years absence.7.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.girlsspoonfulsyearsidea 考点剖析考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：个方面：(1)可名词与不可数名词的混用可名词与不可数名词的混用.(2)用于固定词组中的一些名词的用于固定词组中的
9、一些名词的用法用法.(3)同义词或反义词的混用同义词或反义词的混用.1.理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系与联系.2.记清一些用于固定词组中名词的记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法特殊用法.3.3.结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义名词名词.三、还要注意形和副三、还要注意形和副 注意注意形容词和副词形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。2007浙江卷：浙江卷：I got to the finishing line first.I won the ra
10、ce.I felt very proudly of myself.2006福建卷：福建卷：We can hear birds singing happy all around.proudhappily修饰修饰名词名词，bebe动词，系动词动词，系动词要用要用形容词形容词修饰修饰动词，形容词，整个句子动词，形容词，整个句子用用副词副词比较级比较级和和最高级最高级的使用的使用2008全国卷全国卷：I will learn more about the history of the Olmpics as good as the 2008 Olmpic games.2006辽宁卷：辽宁卷：She wa
11、s usual patient with her students and never made them disappointed.usuallywell1.Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family.2.You should be respectable towards your teachers.3.I am absolutely uncapable to tell a lie.Unfortunatelyfortunately，luckily，obviously，natrually，interestinglyrespectfuli
12、ncapable4.You must make your parents happily.5.He looked differently after his return from Europe.6.The number of girls is very few.happydifferentsmall7.They came back lately and had some tea.8.The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light.9.The new person on the job
13、 feels more better after he or she has played tennis with other people in the office.latelightermuch/even/rather考点剖析考点剖析:(1)形容词和副词的混用，是短文形容词和副词的混用，是短文改错中常见的考点之一改错中常见的考点之一.(2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用比较级和最高级的混用或误用.(3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用比较级和最高级修饰语的误用以及近义词的误用以及近义词的误用.解决方案解决方案(1)熟知形容词和副词的句法功熟知形容词和副词的句法功能能.(2)理清短文中形容词和副词比
14、理清短文中形容词和副词比较较等级的关系等级的关系.(3)结合短文内容，准确使用形结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副词容词和副词.四、非谓语，细辨别四、非谓语，细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现现在分词、过去分词，动名词在分词、过去分词，动名词和和不定式不定式错误。错误。2007浙江卷：浙江卷：I could not to run very fast and fell behind.2007宁夏卷：宁夏卷：Li Meng came see me every day.to2008重庆卷：重庆卷：Andthereweremanymeaningfulthings
15、2008辽宁卷：辽宁卷：Weallenjoyedthispreciousdaygreatly,rememberthetimewespenttogetherandthepeopletheywerefamiliarwith.rememberingthat were worth think ofthinking1.He has never been heard speak ill of others.2.We hear it say frequently that what present-day men most desire is security.3.It is difficult to ma
16、ke yourself understand in English.tosaidunderstood4.On his way home,he suddenly heard his name calling.5.But then there are always more mysteries look into.6.After learn the basics of the subject,nothing else seemed very practical to me.calledtolearning7.That is,a game of tennis making him very busy
17、.8.He didn t want share things with other people.9.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.10.My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.madetotalkingto11.The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down.1
18、2.I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.13.They wanted one child or another to come out and played.keepingbecomeplay考点剖析考点剖析此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：方面：(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用.(2)非谓语动词之间的混用非谓语动词之间的混用.(3)在并列结构中非谓语动词的误在并列结构中非谓语动词的误用用.(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词纵观全文或
19、全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分所作的句子成分.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)前后联系，整体把握前后联系，整体把握.六六、代词代词格，格，细领悟细领悟高考链接高考链接6：IheardthatMr.WangwouldteachourEnglishthisterm.us1.1.人称代词人称代词主格主格和和宾格宾格，物主代词物主代词的使用的使用反身代词反身代词oneselfoneself的使用的使用3 3不定代词不定代词的使用的使用4 4Both,all,either,neither,noneBoth,all,either,neither,none的使用的使用
20、.5 5.WhoseWhose 和和whowhos s，itsits和和itits s的区别的区别人称人称单数单数复数复数主格主格宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格第一人称第一人称Imeweus第二人称第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit单数单数复数复数形形容容词词性性物物主主代代词词myyourhis herits ouryourtheir名名词词性性物物主主代代词词mineyours hishersitsoursyourstheirs五五、代词代词格，格，细领悟细领悟（2007全国全国I）Iwasonlyaboutsixwhenheheldh
21、ishandouttome.Itookitinmeandwewalked.mineFinally,the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.their2008全国全国II：Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureandshowthemtheirgreatachievement.2007陕西：陕西：JustatthattimeIwokeupandfoundmestillinbed!ourmyself1.Knowledge is there for whomev
22、er will seek it.2.Whom do you think is the writer of this book?3.His brothers case is quite different from me.whoeverwhomine4.People find increasingly difficult to make their living.5.He is taller than any one in his class.6.I spoke a man who I thought to be my cousin.itelseto7.I read your e-mail to
23、 my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.8.I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon.9.Those fresh men finally learned to solve the problems by them.themselves考点剖析考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几几个方面：个方面：1)代词指代的人或事物前后不一致代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误的错误.2)“it”一词的不当使用一词的不当使用
24、(包括用于包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语从句中或作形式主语或宾语).3)不定代词或反身代词的误用不定代词或反身代词的误用.解决方案解决方案(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握系统掌握it的各种用法的各种用法.(3 3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。用。主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭多词、少词和搭配错误。配错误。catch a sight of lose my heart i
25、n hurry in Sunday afternoon such many people in a shortaonso六、习惯用法要记住六、习惯用法要记住考点剖析考点剖析:(1)在一些固定短语中，介词的误在一些固定短语中，介词的误用用 是很常见的题型是很常见的题型.(2)介词与连词或副词的混用介词与连词或副词的混用.(3)及物动词之后介词的多用或不及及物动词之后介词的多用或不及物动词之后介词的漏用物动词之后介词的漏用.解析方案解析方案:(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.(2)强化语法训练，分清连词，副词强化语法
26、训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能和介词之间的区别和句法功能.(3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来起来.七、句子成分多分析七、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。析，才能找出用词不当的错误。2008年安徽卷年安徽卷:She looked at me and started to laugh.“How are you laughing?”I asked.2007天津卷：
27、天津卷：I was lucky enough to have a teacher which didnt take my bad grades as a judgement of my abilities,but who/thatWhy1.My roommate lives in a small town in central Missouri,a quiet town which I would like to live myself.2.The United States is composed of fifty states,two of those are separated from
28、 the others by land or water.3.These photos will show you how our village looks like.4.I cannot make sense of that he said at the meeting.wherewhichwhatwhat八、逻辑错误须关注八、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴张冠李戴。2006四川卷：四川卷：That night，we sat down to what they though
29、t would be a pleasant,uninterrupted meals.NMET 2005:Some students may also save up for our college or future use.wetheir3.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.4.He will stay there one and two days.5.There may not be much choice betwee
30、n this one or that.andorand考点剖析考点剖析:(1)并列连并列连but,and,or,so 等词等词的混用，常常出现在改错题中。的混用，常常出现在改错题中。(2)并列连词和从属连词的混用。并列连词和从属连词的混用。(3)平行结构方面的错误。平行结构方面的错误。常考的错误形式有：常考的错误形式有：连词连词but，and，or和和so的用的用法错误，以及法错误，以及冠词冠词的用法错误等。的用法错误等。2oo7全国全国II：ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsImdoingattheschool2007四川卷：四川卷：A
31、nAustralianfarmerfoundthekangaroocaughtinthefencearoundhisfarms.a a九、冠词、连词常光顾九、冠词、连词常光顾2007浙江卷：浙江卷：Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot.2006辽宁卷：辽宁卷：She always made sure that our homework was finished on time,but she marked strictly on our actual performance.2007四川卷：四川卷：H
32、e thought the poor animal was injured,but the kind farmer took off his jacket and put on the animal.whenandso 1.30 percent of girls would like to become teachers when only 5 percent of boys want to do this job.2.We become more and more impatient of interruptions when the years go on.3.It was not unt
33、il it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.whileasthat冗词的多用冗词的多用1.Last summer,I went to Beijing,my first time trip to the city.2.Two years later,he returned back home.3.It is about 200 miles far away from London.At Christmas Eve,Jim went with his1._father to choose a Christmas tr
34、ee.They choose 2._a big one.It was almost as taller as the room!3._They put them in the corner of the sitting4._on_chose_tall_it动词形动词形介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住还要注意形和副还要注意形和副代词格，细领悟代词格，细领悟2009高考英语短文改错模拟训练高考英语短文改错模拟训练room.Kate was covered it with a lot of5._Christmas light.The sitting room looked
35、6._really beautifully at the moment.There was 7._a fire burn in the fire place,and the Christmas8._tree lights were shinning brightly.Jim or his9._parents singing and dancing happily.10._was_lights_beautifulwere动词形动词形还要注意形和副还要注意形和副动词形动词形名词数名词数2009高考英语短文改错模拟训练高考英语短文改错模拟训练逻辑错误须关注逻辑错误须关注and非谓语，细辨别非谓语，细
36、辨别burning四不改：四不改：1.单词拼写不改单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改大小写不改.3.词序不改词序不改.4.标点符号不改标点符号不改.DearAlice,Ihavejustgotsomegoodnewstotelltoyou.1._Iwinanationalprizeforpaintinglastweek.2._Myfatherwassopleasingthathesuggested 3._IgotoEnglandforaholiday.Idliketostaying 4._thereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterest 5._orpractici
37、ngmyEnglishaswell.Wevebeen 6._第二个第二个to删去删去win-wonpleasing-pleasedstaying-stayplace-placesor-andWritingtoeachfornearlyayearnow.Ihave 7._oftendreamedoftalkfacetofacefacewithyou.8._Iimagineyoullbeatvacationyourselfbythat 9._time.Perhapswecouldgoouttodosome 10._sightseeingtogether.Bestwishes！Lilyeach后加后加othertalk-talkingat-on
