1、PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSPART AUTO ELECTRIC PARTS4.1 Starting Systen4.2 Igniting System4.3 Lighting Circuit4.4 The Air Conitioning and Heating System4.5 Future CarPARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSPART AUTO ELECTRIC PARTS学习目标学习目标通过本章的学习，你应当能够：掌握与汽车电器有关的专业术语、专业词汇和缩略语。掌握汽车电器英语的习惯表达方法。能查阅汽车电器的有关英文资料。能借助字典翻译汽车电器方面的文章。PA
2、RTAUTOELECTRICPARTS4.1 Starting SystemAutomobileenginesarenotself-starts.Inordertostartthem,theenginecrankshaftmustbeturnedover.Todothis,thestartermotorreceiveselectricalpowerformthestoragebattery.Thestartermotorthenconvertsthisenergyintomechanicalenergy,whichittransmitsthroughthedrivemechanismtothe
3、enginesfly-wheel.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSThestartermotordrawsagreatdealofelectricalcurrentfromthebattery.Alargestartermotormightrequire300to400amperesofcurrent.Thiscurrentflowsthroughtheheavy-gaugecablesthatconnectthebatterytothestarter.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSThedrivercontrolstheflowofthiscurrentusingthe
4、startingswitch.However,ifthecableswereroutedfromthebatterytothestartingswitchandthenontothestartermotor,thevoltagedropcausedbyresistanceinthecableswouldbetoogreat.Toavoidthisproblem,thesystemisdesignedwithtwoconnectedcircuits:thestartercircuitandthecontrolcircuit.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSThe starting sa
5、fety switchThestartingsafetyswitchisalsocalledaneutralstartswitch.Itisanormallyopenswitchthatpreventsthestartingsystemfromoperatingwhentheautomobilestransmissionisingear.Ifthecarhasnostartingsafetyswitch,itispossibletospintheenginewiththetransmissioningear.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSThiswillmakethecarlurc
6、hforwardorbackwardwhichcouldbedangerous.Safetyswitchesorinterlockdevicesareusedwithallautomatictransmissionsandonmanylate-modelcarswithmanualtransmissions.Thesafetyswitchcanbeanelectricalswitchthatopensthecontrolcircuitifthecarisingear.Itcanalsobeamechanicalinterlockdevicethatwillnotlettheignitionsw
7、itchturntostartifthecarisingear.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSMagnetic Switch(Relays and Solenoids)Amagneticswitchinthestartingsystemallowsthecontrolcircuittoopenandclosethestartercircuit.Theswitchcanbea:1.Relaywhichusestheelectromagneticfieldofacoiltoattractanarmatureandclosethecontactpoints.PARTAUTOELECTRI
8、CPARTS2.Solenoidwhichusestheelectromagneticfieldofacoiltopullaplungerintothecoilandclosethecontactpoints.Theplungersmovementcanalsobeusedtodoamechanicaljob,suchasshiftingthestartermotorgearinasolenoid-actuateddrive.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSStarter MotorThestartermotorconvertselectricalenergyfromthebatte
9、ryintomechanicalenergytoturntheengine.Itdoesthisthroughtheinteractionofmagneticfields.Whencurrentflowsthroughaconductor,amagneticfieldisformedaroundtheconductor.Iftheconductorisplacedinanothermagneticfield,thetwofieldswillbeweakenedatonesideandstrengthenedattheotherside.Anautomotivestartermotorhasma
10、nyconductorsandusesalotofcurrenttocreateenoughrotationalforcetocranktheengine.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSFig.4.1.1showsacutawayviewofastartermotor.Thearmatureisthecollectionofconductorsthatwillspintocranktheengine.Thestarterdrivegearismountedonthearmatureshaft.Thepolepiecesarethestationarymagneticfields.T
11、hemotorhousingenclosesthearmatureandpolepieces,holdsthebearingsthatsupportthearmatureshaft,andprovidestheterminalsforconnectingthemotortotherestofthestartingsystem.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSFig.4.1.1StartermotorPARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSTechnical Wordscrankn.;vt.;adj.曲柄；把弯成曲柄状；不正常的flywheeln.飞轮componentn.;adj.
12、组成部分，部件；组成的distinctadj.独特的，明显的cablen.电缆，钢丝缆amperen.安培spinv.;n.使旋转；旋转，自旋lurchvi.;n.突然倾斜；侧倾interlockvi.;n.(使)联锁，联锁装置PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSrelayn.;vt.继动器，继电器；传达，转播armaturen.电枢，转子，衔铁applicationn.用法，用途，应用interactionn.相互作用pinionn.【机】小齿轮plungern.柱塞brushn.;vt.刷子，电刷；刷，擦commutatorn.转换开关，转换器，整流子terminaladj.;n.末
13、端的；端子stationaryadj.不动的，静止的PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSPhrases and Expressionsstartingsystem启动系统keyswitch钥匙开关batterycable蓄电池导线magneticswitch电磁开关startermotor启动机startingsafetyswitch安全启动开关PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSNotes on the Text1Thestartermotorthenconvertsthisenergyintomechanicalenergy,whichittransmitsthroughthe
14、drivemechanismtotheenginesfly-wheel.接着启动机将这部分电能转化成机械能，通过驱动机构传到发动机曲轴飞轮上。2However,ifthecableswereroutedfromthebatterytothestartingswitchandthenontothestartermotor,thevoltagedropcausedbyresistanceinthecableswouldbetoogreat.如果导线从蓄电池经过启动开关连接到启动机上，在导线上会产生大量的电压降。PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS3Relaywhichusestheelect
15、romagneticfieldofacoiltoattractanarmatureandclosethecontactpoints.继电器：利用吸引线圈产生磁场，吸引衔铁并闭合触点。4Iftheconductorisplacedinanothermagneticfield,thetwofieldswillbeweakenedatonesideandstrengthenedattheotherside.当这样的导体被放置到另一个磁场中时，两个磁场将有一侧被加强而另一侧被减弱。PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS5Themotorhousingenclosesthearmatureandpo
16、lepieces,holdsthebearingsthatsupportthearmatureshaft,andprovidestheterminalsforconnectingthemotortotherestofthestartingsystem.启动机外壳内装入电枢与磁极，外壳两端的轴承支撑电枢转轴，并将启动机与启动系统支架相连。PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSExercises.Answer the following questions in English.1Whatisthecomponentofatypicalstartingsystem?2Howmuchampere
17、sdoesalargestartermotorrequire?3Whyisthesystemdesignwithtwoconnectedcircuits:thestartercircuitandthecontrolcircuit？4WhatistheactionoftheStartingSafetySwitch？5Whatisthestructureofstartermotor？PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS.Translate following expressions into English.1启动机2电磁开关3钥匙开关4电磁互感原理5电枢转轴PARTAUTOELECTRIC
18、PARTS.Translate following sentences into English.1启动系统具有5个基本零件和两套不同的电路。2安全启动开关用来防止在汽车挂挡后再启动发动机。3启动系统的电磁开关用于控制电路断开或接通。4启动机是利用电磁互感的原理制成的。5启动机的磁极产生稳定磁场。PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS.Study the following list and name.1motor-alternator,motor-armature,actuatingmotor,asynchronousmotor,cagemotor,unitmotor2startingc
19、rankjaw,startingcurrent,startingfluid,startinggear,startingignitionvoltagePARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSReading MaterialWhentoReplaceYourAutomobileStarterMotorIfyoutrytostartyourvehicleandtheengineturnstooslowly,ornotatall,thestarterorstartersolenoidmayneedtobereplaced.Beforeyougothroughthestepsofreplacingpa
20、rtsalwaysdoafewtroubleshootingtechniquestomakesurethatthestarterorthesolenoidistheproblem.Becausethestarterandthesolenoidworktogetheritsalwaysbesttoreplacethemtogether.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSStarterMotorTroubleshootingTips:1Checkthebatterycablesandterminalsforcorrosion.2Cleanthecorrosionandreplacetheb
21、atteryorcablesifneeded.3Checkthewirestothestarterandthesolenoidforcracks,corrosion,orbreakage.Makesureyourbatteryischargedenoughtoperformstartingfunctions.Note:yourinstrumentlightsanddomelightsmaycomeonbutyourbatterymaystillnothaveenoughpowertostartthecar.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSRememberelectricalparts
22、failmostlyinparttotimeandusagenotbecauseofwearandtearlikemechanicalparts.Andthedamageismostlyintheinternalelectricalwiring,sosomefailurescannotbenoticedfromanoutsideinspection.Ifyouhavedonethetestslistedaboveandarestillhavingproblemsstartingyourvehicle,thenherearethestepstofollowforproperinstallatio
23、nofyourautomobilesstartermotor.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSStarterMotorInstallationSteps:Gatherthenecessarytoolsneededsuchaswrenches,sockets,screwdriverandpliers.1Placethevehicleonrampsorjackupthefrontandsupportwithjackstands.Itisveryimportanttoblocktherearwheelstokeepthecarstationaryduringthisprocedure.Ne
24、verworkunderavehiclenotsupportedproperly.2MakesureignitionisOFFandtheremovethenegative(ground)batterycablefromthebattery.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS3Notethelocationofallwiresbeforeremovaltomakeforeasierconnection.4Removethelargestartercablegoingtothebatteryatthestarterlocation.5Removeanyotherwiresattached
25、tothesolenoid.6Removethestarterattachingbolts(usuallytherearetwoorthree).7Removeanysupportingbracketsthatholdsthestarter.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS8Dropthestarterdownawayfromthecar.Onsomecarsyoumayhavetoturnthewheelstooneside,removetheidlerarm,removeorloosentransmissionoilcoolerlines,exhaustpipes,orgroun
26、dstrapstogiveyouenoughclearancetogetthestartermotorawayfromthecar.9Installthenewstarterinthereverseorderofremoval.10Reconnectbatterycablesandotherwirestosolenoid.11Placeoldstarterinthenewstarterboxforpropercorereturn.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSIfyouhavefollowedthesesimplestepsthenyoushouldhaveanewautomobi
27、lestartermotorinstalledonyourvehiclefortroublefreestarting.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherquestionsorarestillhavingadditionalproblemsfeelfreetocalloremailourfriendlytechnicalstaff.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS4.2 Igniting System ReachHeatrangeThreadSeatAirgapFig.4.2.1SparkplugTheignitionsystemonaninternalcombustionengi
28、neprovidesthesparkthatignitesthecombustibleair/fuelmixtureinthecombustionchamber.Thesparkconsistsofanelectricarcproducedbyapplyingahighvoltageacrosstheelectrodesofasparkplug.Thissparkmustoccurneartheendofthecompressionstroke,asthepistonapproachestopdeadcenter(TDC).Thecylindersmustfireintheproperorde
29、randatapreciseinstant,dependingonenginespeed,loadandtemperatureconditions.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSFig.4.2.1SparkplugPARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSAsparkplugconsistsofapairofelectrodes(SeeFig.4.2.1),calledthecenterandgroundelectrodes,separatedbyagap.Asparkisproducedbyapplyingahighvoltage(fromapproximately6kVto40
30、kV)betweenthecenterelectrodeandground.Oncethearcisstarted,amuchlowervoltageisrequiredtosustainthearctoignitetheair/fuelmixture.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSTheignitionsystemisdividedintotwocircuits:theprimaryandthesecondary.Theprimarycircuitisthelow-voltagesideofthesystemandcontrolsthesecondarycircuit,which
31、isthehigh-voltagesideofthesystem.Thefollowingarethebasicpartsoftheprimaryignitioncircuit:PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS1.Batteryand/oralternator.Suppliesthelowvoltage(12V)usedtooperatetheprimarycircuit.2.Ignitionswitch.Key-operatedswitchusedtofeedbatteryvoltagetotheprimarycircuit.3.Primarywires.Low-voltagewi
32、resusedtoconnecttheelectricalcomponentsoftheprimarycircuit.4.Ignitioncoilprimarywinding.Currentflowthroughthecoilproducesanelectromagneticfield,whichisusedtoinduceahighvoltageinthesecondarycoil.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS5.Electroniccontrolunit.Containsaswitchingtransistorcontrolledbyaspeedsensorandisused
33、toopenandclosetheprimarycircuit.6.Speedsensor,orpickup.Producesapulsatingvoltagethatsignalsthegenerationofanignitionspark.Thefollowingarethebasicpartsofasecondaryignitioncircuit:1.Ignitioncoilsecondarywinding.Hasahighvoltage(40,000Vormore)inducediniteachtimetheprimarymagneticfieldcollapses.PARTAUTOE
34、LECTRICPARTS2.Coilwire.Heavilyinsulatedwirethatfeedshighvoltagefromtheignitioncoiltodistributorcap.3.Distributorrotor.Operatesinconjunctionwiththedistributorcaptodistributethehighvoltagefromtheignitioncoiltotheindividualsparkplugwiresinthefiringorder.4.Distributorcap.Insulatedcapthattransfershighvol
35、tagefromthedistributorrotortosparkplugwires.5.Sparkplugwire.Heavilyinsulatedwirethatcarrieshighvoltagefromthedistributortothesparkplugs.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS6.Sparkplug.Providestheairgapwithinthecombustionchamberforthehighvoltagetoarcacross,thusignitingtheair/fuelmixture.Thebasicoperationoftheigniti
36、onsystemwiththeignitionswitchclosedandtheenginestarted,isasfollows:1.ThetriggerwheelrotateswithengineRPMsandcausesthespeedsensor,orpickupcoil,toproducetriggeringvoltagepulsesthatcorrespondtoenginespeedandpistonposition.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS2.Theelectroniccontrolunitallowscurrenttoflowthroughtheignit
37、ioncoilprimarywindinguntilitsensesatriggeringvoltagepulsefromthespeedsensor,orpickupcoil.3.Eachtriggeringvoltagepulseactuatestheelectroniccontrolmoduletoopenthecircuittotheignitioncoilprimarywinding,causingthemagneticfieldtocollapsequicklyandinduceahighvoltageinthesecondarywinding.4.Thehighsecondary
38、voltagetravelsfromthecoilwiretothedistributorrotorandcapandthenontofirethesparkplugofthecylinderthatisontheproperstrokeforignitingtheair/fuelmixture.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSTechnical Wordsignitionn.点火sparkn.火花arcn.电弧gapn.间隙batteryn.蓄电池alternatorn.发电机windingn.卷绕着的线，线圈PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSpickupn.拾波线圈，感应
39、线圈pulsatingadj.脉动的，脉冲的collapsevt.倒塌，崩溃distributorn.分电器rotorn.转子，(分电器的)分火头triggervt.触发，引起actuatev.激励，促使PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSPhrases and Expressionsdependon取决于centerelectrode中心电极groundelectrode旁电极bedividedinto(被)分为primarycircuit初级回路secondarycircuit次级回路ignitioncoil点火线圈distributorcap分电器盖sparkplug火花塞comb
40、ustionchamber燃烧室triggerwheel触发叶轮PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSNotes on the Text1Thecylindersmustfireintheproperorderandatapreciseinstant,dependingonenginespeed,loadandtemperatureconditions.各缸的点火应该有合适的顺序和精确的时间，这取决于发动机的转速、负荷和温度。PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS2Theignitionsystemisdividedintotwocircuits:theprimaryandthesec
41、ondary.Theprimarycircuitisthelow-voltagesideofthesystemandcontrolsthesecondarycircuit,whichisthehigh-voltagesideofthesystem.点火系统分为两条回路：初级和次级。初级回路是系统的低压端，并控制着次级回路，而次级回路是系统的高压端。PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS3Eachtriggeringvoltagepulseactuatestheelectroniccontrolmoduletoopenthecircuittotheignitioncoilprimarywin
42、ding,causingthemagneticfieldtocollapsequicklyandinduceahighvoltageinthesecondarywinding.每个触发电压脉冲促使电子控制单元断开点火线圈初级绕组的电流，使得电磁场迅速消失，在次级绕组中产生一个高电压。PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS4Thehighsecondaryvoltagetravelsfromthecoilwiretothedistributorrotorandcapandthenontofirethesparkplugofthecylinderthatisontheproperstrokef
43、orignitingtheair/fuelmixture.次级的高电压从线圈里，经过分火头和分电器盖，到达处于合适行程的气缸的火花塞，点火，点燃混合气。PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSExercises.Answer the following questions in English.1Whatisthepurposeoftheignitionsystem?2Whythereisalowervoltagerequiredtosustainthearc?3Whatisthefunctionoftheignitionswitch?4Whatdothevoltagepulseswhich
44、producedinthespeedsenorcorrespondto?5Whendoesahighvoltageinduce?PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS.Translate following expressions into English.1火花塞2蓄电池和发电机3点火开关4转速传感器5分电器盖6触发电压脉冲PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS.Translate following sentences into English.1点火系统的作用是在正确的时刻把电火花提供给气缸，点燃混合气。2火花由在中心电极和旁电极之间的高电压产生。3电流通过线圈，产生一个电磁场，
45、用来在次级线圈中产生高电压。4转速传感器产生一组脉冲电压，给点火火花的产生提供信号。5火花塞提供空气间隙，保证高电压的电弧通过，以点燃混合气。6分火头作用是把高电压从点火线圈分配到需要点火的火花塞导线上。PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTS.Study the following list and name.1surfacedischargesparkplug,twin-sparkignition,spark-plugwrench,spark-plugwell,spark-plugpoints,spark-plugfouling,electronicsparkadvance,drawth
46、espark2magnetoignitioncoil,high-tensionignitioncoil,distributorignitionwithignitioncoil,ballastedignitioncoil3dual-diaphragmvacuumadvancedistributor,distributortrack,distributorshaftadapter,distributorhousingPARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSReading MaterialIgnitionTimingAnoftenneglectedbutimportantareawhentunin
47、ganengineistheignitionsystem.NoIdontmeanharderplugs,competitioncoils,lumenitionetc.,whichonlyaffecttheefficiencyofthespark,buttheactualignitionadvancesuppliedbythedistributor.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSTunedandmodifiedengineshavedifferentadvancecharacteristicsandrequirementsfromanormalengine.Adaptingthead
48、vancecurvetomeettheserequirementsusingthestandardmechanicaldistributorisnotthatdifficultataskonceitisunderstood.Thisareaisoftenconsideredtobeablackart,butitisactuallyquitestraightforward.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSCorrectlysettingtheadvancecurveforamodifiedenginecanmakeaconsiderabledifferencetothetractabi
49、lityoftheengineaswellasensuringthattheengineisgivingofitsbestpowerwise.Modifyingtheadvanceinthewaydescribedcanonlybedoneonanenginethatusesmechanicaladvance.Someenginesusemappedignitionwhichiselectronicallycontrolled,FordESC,EECIV,BoschK,LJetronic,Motronicareexamples.Thesearenotsuitableformodificatio
50、n.PARTAUTOELECTRICPARTSAquickandeasychecktoseeifyourdistributorhasanadvancemechanismistoremovethedistributorcap,grasptherotorarmfirmlyandtrytoturnitinaclockwisedirection.Ifitallows10orsodegreesofmovementandthenspringsback,thenitcontainsacentrifugaladvancemechanismandissuitableformodification,ifitisr
