1、1考研写作第1页2考研作文总体介绍考研作文总体介绍n小作文（应用文）n要求：100words，n满分10分，平均分5.56分，n考场提议时间：20分钟，n考试内容：投诉，提议，邀请，辞职，道歉，申请，推荐，求职，离职等内容，n目标得分：8分；第2页3考研作文总体介绍考研作文总体介绍n大作文n以图画题为主，n早年考过图表文章，提要作文，背景作文以及开放式作文n要求：160200字，n满分20分，n平均分11分，n考场提议时间：40分钟；n目标得分：14分 第3页4A节应用文评分侧重点n信息点覆盖n内容组织n语言准确性n格式n语域恰当注：对语法结构和词汇多样性要求将依据详细试题做调整。允许在作文中
2、使用提醒语中出现关键词，但但使用提醒语中出现过词组或句子将被扣分第4页5B节作文评分重点n内容完整性n文章组织连贯性n语法结构和词汇多样性n语言准确性第5页6解读评分标准解读评分标准（以大作文为例）（以大作文为例）n奖励分（3分）基准分（17分）n哪个更加好提升呢?第6页7奖励分给分标准n书法字迹 1.大字vs小字2.笔选择第7页8奖励分给分标准n正确正规可读1.非正规标识：&,Vs,etc.2.简写问题：WTO？World Trade Organization(WTO)3._4.共200字！第8页9奖励分给分标准n标点问题1.随意点2.逗号问题3.句号问题4.省略号5.顿号6.书名号7.惊叹
3、号和问号第9页10奖励分给分标准n修改问题1.尽可能不修改2.反对对于内容修改3.正确修改方法4.修正液第10页11基准分考查范围n内容n形式n语言第11页12一 内容1.相关即可，自圆其说n13个万能理由n经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久 第12页13经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久你认为是住在城市里面好还是乡下好？住在城里好处？1.安全2.健康3.交流4.情感5.经济6.效率7.环境8.方便住在乡下好处？1.经济2.安全3.环境4.性格5.空间6.耐久7.交流8.方便第13页14经济，效率，交流，他人，
4、安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久在你家附近建一个超市，你是否同意？n同意？1.经济2.效率3.交流4.他人5.方便6.环境7.情感n不一样意？1.安全2.健康3.环境4.方便5.空间6.经济第14页15经济，效率，交流，他人，安全，方便，环境，健康，情感，性格，经验，空间，耐久养宠物利与弊？n养宠物好处？1.交流2.安全3.健康4.经济5.性格6.情感7.耐久n养宠物坏处？1.经济2.安全3.交流4.他人5.方便6.环境7.健康第15页16课后练习nA 堵车好处nB 举行奥运会坏处第16页17防止跑题例：温室花朵经不起风雨第17页18内容趋同最保险n1997年托福考试真题：
5、n20世纪即将过去，二十一世纪马上到来，在你看来，20世纪最著名发明事什么？为什么？它将对二十一世纪带来怎样影响？第18页19万能话题选择一例多用n环境保护话题：1.在你家周围建一个工厂，你是否同意？2.你认为科学家对人类贡献大还是艺术家对人类贡献大？3.你职业梦想是什么？4.假如让你创造一样机器，你会选择什么？第19页20二 形式比较主要n分段n段落安排合理第20页21三 语言最主要1.谚语和典故2.修辞3.准确和地道4.复杂句式5.多变用词第21页221 谚语和典故nJust as an old Chinese proverb says,nJust as an old English pr
6、overb says,nJust as an old Arab proverb says,第22页23谚语和典故n日常积累n谚语是能够编n详细问题抽象化，抽象问题详细化第23页24（1）详细问题抽象化n白猫黑猫，抓住耗子就是好猫n结果最主要nEnds justify means.第24页25（2）抽象问题详细化：n劳逸结合n要知道休息和休闲nAll work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.n男大当婚，女大当嫁n结婚是正常行为nEach Jack has his Jill.第25页26总结总结n不要直白表示自己目标；不要直白表示自己目标；nJack 和和Ji
7、ll在谚语中经常出现在谚语中经常出现n否定常出现否定常出现n练习：人是铁，饭是钢，一顿不吃饿慌。练习：人是铁，饭是钢，一顿不吃饿慌。nNo longer can Jack live without grain.第26页272 修辞修辞na busy beenthe blue skynthe black coffeena evil devilna pure angelndeep oceannas busy as a beenas blue as skynas black as coffeenas evil as a devilnas pure as an angelnas deep as oce
8、an第27页283 语言准确和地道n少写多改n翻译新概念第二册后三十篇文章，与原文进行对照，找出自己不足第28页294 复杂句式1.简单句变复杂方法2.五大经典句型第29页30（1）简单句变复杂方法1.形容词和副词2.同位语作插入语3.介词结构作修饰4.非限定性定语从句5.非谓语动词第30页31a 形容词和副词n老刘讲课。n黑黑胖胖，穿着短袖衬衣老刘激情四射地讲一节无比无聊考研写作课。第31页32b 同位语作插入语n什么是同位语？n位置相同语言叫作“同位语”n黑黑胖胖，穿着短袖衬衣老刘，一个二十六岁男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊课。n全部名词后面可加同位语第32页33
9、c 介词结构作修饰n在一个艳阳高照秋日午后，在刚才建好天津新东方教室里，黑黑胖胖，穿着短袖衬衣老刘，一个二十六岁男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊课。第33页34d 非限定性定语从句n在一个艳阳高照秋日午后，在刚才建好天津新东方教室里，黑黑胖胖，穿着短袖衬衣老刘，一个二十六岁男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊考研写作课，比阅读还要无聊课，which left us a deep impression.第34页35e 非谓语动词n我是一名教师。我讲课。我是一名教师。我讲课。nI am a teacher.I give classes.I am a teacher.I give
10、classes.nI am a teacher and I give classes.I am a teacher and I give classes.nBecause I am a teacher,I give classes.Because I am a teacher,I give classes.nI am a teacher,so I give classes.I am a teacher,so I give classes.nBeing a teacher,I give classes.Being a teacher,I give classes.nI,being a teach
11、er,give classes.I,being a teacher,give classes.am，（be）being第35页36e 非谓语动词n我不是一名教师，不过我讲课。我不是一名教师，不过我讲课。I,not being a teacher,give classes.I,not being a teacher,give classes.n我过去是个学生，不过现在我讲课。我过去是个学生，不过现在我讲课。am am beingbeingwas was having beenhaving beenI,having been a student,give classes.I,having been
12、 a student,give classes.n我过去不是学生，不过现在我讲课。我过去不是学生，不过现在我讲课。I,not having been a student,give I,not having been a student,give classes.classes.汝非鱼，安知鱼之乐乎？汝非鱼，安知鱼之乐乎？第36页37e 非谓语动词n你自己不是鱼。你自己不是鱼。nYou are not a fish yourself.You are not a fish yourself.n你怎么能知道鱼欢乐呢？你怎么能知道鱼欢乐呢？nHow can you know the happiness
13、 of a fishHow can you know the happiness of a fish？nHow can you,not being a fish yourself,How can you,not being a fish yourself,know the happiness of a fish?know the happiness of a fish?n我们自己不是老年人，我们怎么能知道老年人我们自己不是老年人，我们怎么能知道老年人痛苦呢？痛苦呢？第37页38e 非谓语动词n当前后两个句子主语相同时候，能够去掉一个主语，将句号改为逗号，并将其中一个动词变为ing,或者havi
14、ng done得形式,being 除表进行时往往可被省略。n假如主语不一样呢？今天很热。我在家呆着了。It is hot today.I stay at home.It being hot today,I stay at home.第38页39e 非谓语动词am am beingbeingwas was having beenhaving beendodoingdidhaving done第39页40(2)五大经典句型n倒装n虚拟语气nas引导状语从句n状语从句省略问题nrather than vs other than第40页41a 倒装n介词地点状语提前，后接系表倒装In the suns
15、hine,stands a young tree.(注意主谓一致)n否定副词提前，部分倒装。Hardly can I do it.n虚拟语气省略倒装（略）第41页42b 虚拟语气1.It is high time that 主语did（是做某件事情非常紧急和迫切时刻了。）n问题如此严重，我们必须马上处理这个问题。nThe situation being so serious,it is high time that we took effective measures to 第42页43b 虚拟语气2.It is important/necessary/urgent+that+(should)
16、+do n我们必须制订（work out）一些法律法规（laws and regulations）来处理这个问题。nIt is imperative that laws and regulations should be worked out to 第43页44b 虚拟语气3.条件从句引导虚拟语气第44页45c as引导状语从句n让步状语从句：Although she is a girl,she sings like a man.Girl as she is,she sings like a man.n尽管漫画很简单，不过其寓意却非常深刻。Simple as the picture is,th
17、e meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.第45页46d 状语从句省略问题nWhen in Rome,do as Romans do.nWhen in Rome,you do as Romans do.(祈使句省略)nWhen you are（状语从句省略）in Rome,you do as Romans do.n规略：当从句和主句主语相同，而从句中动词为系动词时候，从句中主语和系动词能够被省略 第46页47d 状语从句省略问题n6岁时候，我老爸开始给我讲英文。nWhen at the age of 6,my father began to teach m
18、e English.n怎么改?nWhen I was at age of 6,my father began to teach me English.nWhen at the age of 6,I was taught English by my father.第47页48e rather than vs other thannrather than：而不是（万能插入语）nI am the best teacher.nI,rather than anyone else,am,rather than was,the best teacher,rather than the worst one.第
19、48页49e other than:除了nI,other than anyone else,am the best teacher.nNo one,other than I,is the best teacher.n中国正在面临非常严重。问题。第49页505词汇多样性词汇多样性1.词汇量概念2.简单词复杂化方法3.五大恶心词汇4.词汇替换方法第50页515.1 词汇量概念n拼写稍微复杂单词，放弃初中词汇第51页525.2 简单词复杂化方法(1)of+n.=adj.第52页535.2 简单词复杂化方法(2)the poor,the beautiful,the old第53页545.2 简单词复杂
20、化方法(3)n.+and its like。和他同类（作为从一个到多个推广方法，议论文惯用）表示陌生词汇第54页555.2 简单词复杂化方法(4)so called+n.所谓第55页565.3 五大恶心词汇1.importantsignificant,necessary,essential,urgent2.veryof great importance,significantly important替换very方法：将adj.同义词 变为adv.即相当于very第56页575.3 五大恶心词汇3.Differentvarious,a variety of,vary from person to
21、 personPeoples opinions are various.People have a variety of opinions.Peoples opinions vary from person to person.4.Think5.thing第57页585.4 词汇有效替换n上下义词概念n同义词和反义词n代词第58页59文章连贯性问题n并列 nas well as,andas well,not only but alson转折转折副词(不能连接两个句子):however,instead,unfortunately,fortunately,in fact,on the contra
22、ryn转折连词:while,but第59页60文章连贯性问题n递进连词 nfirst,second,thirdnTo begin with,Besides,Last but not leastnOn one hand,on the other,In addition第60页61文章连贯性问题n因果关系n副词:consequently,hence,thus,consequently,therefore,thereby,as a consequencen介词:owing to,thanks to,due to,n连词:so,and consequently第61页62文章连贯性问题n万能关联词ni
23、n other word,that is to say,as a matter of fact第62页63范文分析范文分析n98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺n Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:n1 write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon此提要应分为两段写作）n2 give your commentsn描述图画阐释寓意给出评论（处理方法）第63页64范文分析The past several years have witnesse
24、d a phenomenon that a variety of promises have been arising from all walks of life.Regrettably,quite a lot of promises are sheer nonsense,just as the hen in the given cartoon commits herself to lay eggs which are round without any angles and corners and have shells,egg whites and yolks.第64页65范文分析Odd
25、s and funny as they sound,such false promises can be seen and heard everywhere in our country.Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly without taking any bribes;manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality;commercial enterprises swear to p
26、rovide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic services.Can you find anything new and substantial other than their obligations,duties and jobs in these so called promises?I guess your answer will be negative.As a matter of fact,their intention to make such commitments is nothing but to put o
27、n civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.第65页66范文分析I dare say that your society is suffering corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both materially and morally.But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition
28、under market economy system.They should remember the old saying,“Honesty is the best policy”.第66页67范文分析nHere is an interesting cartoon:With her head held high,maybe singing,a hen stands proudly in the cartoon of the picture with a notice in hand.It says:“Firstly,I promise that the eggs I lay are abs
29、olutely round without any square corners.Secondly,they all have shells and cores.”Its so ridiculous that we cant help laughing.But after that there must be something left.第67页68范文分析nRecently,many promises have come up in many walks of life,especially the service departments.They promise you that the
30、y will provide you with warm smile service and good products.At first you are moved nearly to thank them.But if you think twice,you may wonder if those should be their duties.It goes without saying that factories should produce goods of quality,department stores should serve customers politely,buses
31、 should arrive on time,and so forth,because all of these are their responsibilities.But why should they promise what are their due jobs?One reason may be that they want to correct their past mistakes under the planned economic system.Another is that they intend to improve their images and please the
32、 customers.第68页69范文分析nIn my opinion,trying to be better is worth welcoming,but making empty promises is unacceptable.If factories,stores and administrations do their jobs well rather than talk nonsense,our society will be more prosperous.第69页70范文分析nAs is shown in the cartoon,the hen made two pieces
33、of promises.On the one hand,she said that her eggs would be sure to be round.On the other hand,she could ensure that her eggs must have egg crust,egg white and egg yellow.According to the words given in the picture,we know that making promises is very popular among different departments and organiza
34、tions.But its clear that what they promise is nothing but their obligations or duties.This phenomenon is not a good thing to our society.第70页71范文分析nThere are at least two main reasons,I think,for this phenomenon.In the first place,some enterprises want to pursuit fashion,but have not true promise to
35、 make,so they promised what they didnt need to say.Secondly,it is a normal phenomenon in the process of reform and open door to the world.Maybe there are some other reasons,but the mentioned above is commonly accepted.第71页72范文分析nAs far as I am concerned,I believe that this phenomenon is not a good t
36、hing,but with the reform and open door policy being carried out,and with the development of our national economy,these problems will be solved step by step.I am sure my opinion is sound and well-grounded.第72页73范文分析n这个问题迟早会得到处理(消失).nIt will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things o
37、f the past.n万能句式结尾n请注意在时间状语从句中时态问题”主将从现”第73页74范文分析n总结1.段落安排合理2.聪明学生举例子3.句式复杂多样4.用词有效替换5.语法错误较少6.我们目标？第74页75考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析nWrite an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you shouldn1)describe the drawing briefly,n2)explain its intended meaning,and thenn3)support yo
38、ur view with an example/examples.第75页76考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n05.1 养老足球赛nWrite an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.n描述图画阐释寓意给出评论第76页77考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n04.1 终点又是新起点：nStudy
39、the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:n1 describe the drawing;n2 interpret its meaning,and n3 support your view with examples.n描述图画阐释寓意举例论证（最少2个）第77页78考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n03.1 温室花朵经不起风雨nStudy the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:n1
40、describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaningn2 point out its implications in our lifen描述图画阐释寓意生活中意义？第78页79考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n02.1美国女孩子穿中国传统衣饰：n Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay entitled“cultures-national and international”nIn the essay you shouldn1 describe the pi
41、cture and interpret its meaning,and（此提要应分为两段写作）n2 give your comments on the phenomenonn描述图画阐释寓意给出评论第79页80考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n01.1 爱心是一盏灯n1 showing your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the pictures below.n2 give a specific example,and n3 give your suggestion as to the best way to show loven
42、描述图画（阐释寓意）举例论证给出评论（suggestion）第80页81考研写作题型深度剖析考研写作题型深度剖析n98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺n Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:n1 write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon此提要应分为两段写作）n2 give your commentsn描述图画阐释寓意给出评论（处理方法）第81页82结论n负面话题负面话题n1 describe the picture描述图画描述图画n2
43、interpret its symbolic meaning阐释寓意（举例子）阐释寓意（举例子）n3 give your comments给出评论给出评论（多为处理方法）（多为处理方法）n好、中性话题n1 describe the picture描述图画描述图画ninterpret its symbolic meaning（不举例（不举例子）子）n举例子举例子第82页83描述图画段落描述图画段落n万能开头句万能开头句n描述图画描述图画n总结总结第83页84万能开头句万能开头句n当前，世界正在面临。问题nOne of the pressing problems facing our nation
44、/world today is.n人们慢慢认识到。nThere is a growing worldwide awareness of.第84页85万能开头句万能开头句n报纸上有一张图画引发人们广泛关注。报纸上有一张图画引发人们广泛关注。nThere has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper.nCartoon,photograph,drawingnMagazine,journal第85页86万能开头句万能开头句n中国正在面临非常严重(养老/环境/社会)问题 nIn no country other than Ch
45、ina,it has been said,is the problem of more serious.第86页87万能开头句万能开头句n在过去十年间，因为改革开放政策执行，我在过去十年间，因为改革开放政策执行，我国经济有了巨大发展，但同时带来了一些问国经济有了巨大发展，但同时带来了一些问题，而下面问题是最严重。题，而下面问题是最严重。n在在时间中发生了时间中发生了事件事件n因为因为n有了巨大发展有了巨大发展n但同时带来了一些问题但同时带来了一些问题n下面问题是最严重。第87页88万能开头句万能开头句nThe past decade has witnessed a huge developme
46、nt in economy owing to the reform and open door policy being carried out,bringing some problems at the same time,with the following one being the foremost第88页89描述图画描述图画 nAs is shown in the picture,（后接（后接完整单独句子描写图画）完整单独句子描写图画）nShown,depicted,drawnnPicture,cartoon,drawing,photographnClearly,Vividly,ri
47、diculously,interestingly 第89页90描述图画描述图画n开始真正描写图画开始真正描写图画:n在图画中央有在图画中央有 ,它它 ,周围有周围有 n能够使用倒装n主语与前文一致,可使用非限定性定语从句或者现在分词n介词作伴随结构第90页91第91页92描述图画描述图画n如图所表示，黑暗中有一盏小小油灯，它向周围散发着光亮。nAs is shown in the cartoon,in the darkness happily stands a candle.It spreads brightness around itself.第92页93描述图画描述图画nAs is sho
48、wn in the cartoon,in the darkness happily stands a candle,spreading brightness around itself.nJust as an old Arab proverb says,love is just like love,being brighter in the darker places.nJust as an old Arab proverb says,where there is love,there is hope.第93页94第94页95描述图画描述图画n照片中央站着一位漂亮美国女孩,n她穿着传统中国衣饰
49、,n佩戴着各种各样饰物,n脸上洋溢着灿烂笑容.nStandsn？n？n？第95页96描述图画描述图画nAs is vividly shown in the photo,in the sunshine stands a pretty American girl,(who is)in Chinese traditional clothes,wearing necklace and its like,with a sweet smile on her face.第96页97第97页98描述图画描述图画n操场上有一个小伙子在跑步，n向着终点冲刺。n然而，终点又被命名为起点。n尽管他已经很累了（大汗淋漓
50、），不过他还要乐观继续跑下去。nRunsnRushing tonBe defined asn尽管？第98页99描述图画描述图画nAs is shown in the cartoon,on the playground runs a young man,rushing to the final,which is defined as another start one.nTired as he is,he has to continue his journey optimistically.第99页100第100页101描述图画描述图画n图画中央躺着一位老年人,n蜷缩着像一个皮球,n他被四个儿女
