1、英语语音与语法英语语音与语法语音第四讲语音第四讲1/20 1234Linking of SoundsStressIntonationBritish Accent and American Accent2/20Linking of Sounds 连读连读1.1.相同辅音连读相同辅音连读 当前一个单词结尾辅音与后一个单词开头辅音相同时,不需要把相同音发两遍,只需合并成一个音,同时发音延长。ripe pear more rain some money good deal bought teaWhat time is it?The shirt turned out to be new.3/20Link
2、ing of Sounds 连读连读2.2.辅音与元音连读辅音与元音连读 (p87p87)前一个单词末尾辅音与后一个单词开头元音连读。I have a big bag.There were lots of people in the hall.Hes angry.What time is it now?Turn on the TV,please.Your answer is right.Dont give it up.4/20Linking of Sounds 连读连读3.失去爆破失去爆破 (p69p69)英语单词中词与词交界处常出现两个爆破音连在一起情况。而失去爆破就是【p】【b】【t】【d
3、】【k】【g】这6个爆破音中任何一个后面紧跟着另一个爆破音或摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、舌边音时,前一个爆破音就失去爆破。但要注意,前一个爆破音即使不再发音,但依然存在,我们要摆好发音姿势,即舌位要摆对,稍作停顿后再发下一个辅音。5/20Linking of Sounds 连读连读4.特殊同化音特殊同化音 同化指是在单词或句子中,相邻两个音相互影响而产生这两个音以外其它音。这么做是为了发音更省力、语音更流畅。而且了解这些同化音还对我们提升听力水平大有好处。同化音大致有以下几组:(1)/t/+/j/Its nice to meet you.Is that your book?(2)/d/+/j/Wou
4、ld you like some coffee?Hand your book to me.6/20Linking of Sounds 连读连读(3)/s/+/j/I miss you.Im going to Paris this year.(4)/z/+/j/Heres your book.He got up as early as usual.7/20Practice:Big Big WorldIm a big big girlin a big big worldIts not a big big thing if you leave mebut I do do feel that I to
5、o too will miss you muchmiss you much.I can see the first leaf fallingits all yellow and niceIts so very cold outsidelike the way Im feeling insideIm a big big girlin a big big world8/20 Its not a big big thing if you leave mebut I do do feel that I too too will miss you much miss you much.Outside i
6、ts now rainingand tears are falling from my eyeswhy did it have to happenwhy did it all have to endIm a big big girlin a big big worldIts not a big big thing if you leave mebut I do do feelthat I too too will miss you muchmiss you much.9/20 I have your arms around me ooooh like firebut when I open m
7、y eyesyoure gone.Im a big big girlin a big big worldIts not a big big thing if you leave mebut I do do feelthat I too too will miss you muchmiss you much.Im a big big girlin a big big worldIts not a big big thing if you leave mebut I do feel I will miss you muchmiss you much.10/20Stress 重音重音重音分为单词重音
8、和句子重音。重音分为单词重音和句子重音。1.Word Stress 单词重音一些规律:单词重音一些规律:A.单音节词:单独存在时都要重读,所以不需要标出重音。单音节词:单独存在时都要重读,所以不需要标出重音。B.双音节词:双音节词:a)双音节词重音普通落在首音节上。双音节词重音普通落在首音节上。busy business really awfulb)带带a-,be-,en-,for-,im-,in-,mis-,pre-,pro-,to-,trans-,un-等前缀双音节词,重音常落在第二个音节上。等前缀双音节词,重音常落在第二个音节上。above believe endure forget i
9、mply instead mistake prepare provide today transport unless11/20Stress 重音重音C.多音节词:多音节词:a)多音节词重音多落在倒数第三个音节上。多音节词重音多落在倒数第三个音节上。satisfy magnificent immediately universityb)以以-ic,-ial,-ian,-ion等后缀结尾多音节词,重音落在倒数第等后缀结尾多音节词,重音落在倒数第二个音节上。二个音节上。republic material musician locationD.例外规则:例外规则:a)假如一个单词既是动词,同时又是名
10、词,有时也可能是形容假如一个单词既是动词,同时又是名词,有时也可能是形容词,那么其名词和形容词形式重音普通落在第一个音节,而词,那么其名词和形容词形式重音普通落在第一个音节,而动词形式重音落在最终音节上。动词形式重音落在最终音节上。present object increase record(p91)b)含有含有-ful,-less,-ly,-ible,-able等后缀单词,重音与原词根词等后缀单词,重音与原词根词相同。相同。colorful certainly careless sensible12/20Stress 重音重音2.Sentence Stress 句子重音一些规律:句子重音一些
11、规律:A.普通规则:句子重音普通落在最终一个实词上。虚词,普通规则:句子重音普通落在最终一个实词上。虚词,包含一些代词,系动词,助动词和情态动词,普通都包含一些代词,系动词,助动词和情态动词,普通都不重读。不重读。Content/Stressed WordsFunction/Unstressed Wordsverbsmodal auxiliaries 情态动词nounsarticles 冠词adjectivesconjunctions 连词adverbsprepositions 介词pronounsNumerals 数词13/20Stress 重音重音 名词在句末名词在句末:They are
12、having tea.动词在句末:动词在句末:What are you doing?形容词在句末:形容词在句末:Shes so cute.副词在句末:副词在句末:My mother spoke happily.14/20Stress 重音重音B.重音转移:说话人假如要强调内容不一样,句子重音重音转移:说话人假如要强调内容不一样,句子重音就会转移。就会转移。Peter likes playing computer games.Peter likes playing computer games.Peter likes playing computer games.Peter likes play
13、ing computer games.C.出于强调、对比、重复、停顿等目标,句子重音也会出于强调、对比、重复、停顿等目标,句子重音也会有所改变。有所改变。It was very boring.It was very boring.(emphatic)15/20Stress 重音重音 Do you like this one or that one?I like this one.(contrastive)It sounds like there was some excitement last night.Didnt you hear?There was a tornado in the ar
14、ea.(new inforamtion)16/20Intonation 语气语气英语语气主要可分为平调、降调和升调三大类英语语气主要可分为平调、降调和升调三大类。1.降调(降调(Fall):):用于表示说完,结束,必定,通惯用在用于表示说完,结束,必定,通惯用在陈说句,祈使句,特殊疑问句,感叹句,或有确定意义陈说句,祈使句,特殊疑问句,感叹句,或有确定意义反意疑问句中。(反意疑问句中。(p107-109p107-109,119119)在反义疑问句中,用升调表示说话者不确定陈说部分表在反义疑问句中,用升调表示说话者不确定陈说部分表示信息,或不强迫对方同意自己观点。用降调表示说话示信息,或不强迫对
15、方同意自己观点。用降调表示说话者对所说话有十足把握,或是尤其向听话者示意说话者者对所说话有十足把握,或是尤其向听话者示意说话者与听话者意见是一致。与听话者意见是一致。You didnt go to the park,didnt you?17/20Intonation 语气语气2.升调(升调(Rise):):用于表示疑问,不确定,请求,关切,委用于表示疑问,不确定,请求,关切,委婉,礼貌,友好等感情,通惯用在普通疑问句,有不确定婉,礼貌,友好等感情,通惯用在普通疑问句,有不确定意义反意疑问句,或表示宽慰,勉励,友好陈说句中。意义反意疑问句,或表示宽慰,勉励,友好陈说句中。(p109-111p10
16、9-111)高升调(高升调(High-rise):):用于要求重复,说清,或表示疑问,用于要求重复,说清,或表示疑问,质疑或反驳。质疑或反驳。Im gonna repair this watch.What?She passed her driving test.She passed?(disbelief)You like coffee?(I dont think/didnt know you like coffee)18/20British Accent and American Accent1.读音差异读音差异A.在在/s/f/m/n/等辅音之前字母等辅音之前字母a,美音普通读作,美音普通读
17、作 ,而英音则发作而英音则发作/a:/。如:。如:pass,chanceB.在英音中,字母在英音中,字母r在元音前才发音,如在元音前才发音,如real,而在辅音前,而在辅音前或词尾时是不发音。但在美语中,或词尾时是不发音。但在美语中,r在辅音前创造显卷舌在辅音前创造显卷舌音,在词尾时亦发音,如:音,在词尾时亦发音,如:farm,carC.非重读字母非重读字母e在美语中常读作在美语中常读作/e/,而在英音中则读而在英音中则读/i/。如:如:except,economicsD.美国人说话往往把非重读音节中元音都读出来,英国人说美国人说话往往把非重读音节中元音都读出来,英国人说话则习惯省略其中音节,
18、如:话则习惯省略其中音节,如:history19/20British Accent and American AccentE.有些词在美国英语和英国英语中即使词义和拼写相同,有些词在美国英语和英国英语中即使词义和拼写相同,但发音不一样。如:但发音不一样。如:neither,tomatoF.美音中美音中 越来越弱化,读成越来越弱化,读成 。比如:。比如:cup,love2.语气差异语气差异A.英国英语语气抑扬顿挫,调域之间改变较大;而美国英英国英语语气抑扬顿挫,调域之间改变较大;而美国英语语气相对较为平稳,调域改变较小。语语气相对较为平稳,调域改变较小。B.在处理重读音节读音和句子重读时,英国人习惯加强重在处理重读音节读音和句子重读时,英国人习惯加强重读音节、重读词或词组读音,而对非重读词或词组则经读音节、重读词或词组读音,而对非重读词或词组则经常一带而过。美国人不像英国人那样加强重读词或词组。常一带而过。美国人不像英国人那样加强重读词或词组。C.美国人讲话节奏较慢,习惯于慢慢地拖出声音,所以我美国人讲话节奏较慢,习惯于慢慢地拖出声音,所以我们经常感觉美国英语轻易听懂。们经常感觉美国英语轻易听懂。20/20