1、.强调句 所谓强调，就是通过某种手段把句子的一部分甚至整个句子所表达的信息加以突出、强调。表示强调的手段很多：1. 用“it引导”的强调句，又叫做分裂句（cleft sentence）。2. 用what引导一个假似分裂句，用以加强语气。3. 用do加强语气。4. 变换副词的位置以加强副词本身的语气。5. 用as/ though加强语气。6. 把宾语、表语或状语放在句首，加强语气。7. 把现在分词、过去分词或不定式放在句首，加强语气。8. 将要加强语气的词重复使用。9. 用-self代词加强语气。10. 用“附加短语”加强语气。11. 形容词前加very等。12. 比较级前加a lot 等。13
2、. 最高级前加by far 等。14. 否定意味的强调。15. 加入短语，加强语气。 常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子：It is (was) 被强调部分 + that (who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。例如： 原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father
3、 did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.（注意不用when） 强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.1. 强调结构的陈述式强调结构的陈述式为“It is （was） + 被强调部分 + that （who）”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调
4、的指人时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that（注意不用which）。如：It was in the office that he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。（强调in the office）It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。（强调the children）It was to you and not anyone else that I lent the money. 我只借钱给你，不借给其他人。（强调to you and not anyone）It is only when you
5、 have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood. 当你有了自己的孩子，才能真切地了解到双亲的辛苦。（强调only when you have your own children）2. 一般疑问句的强调结构一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即使用“Is / Was it+ 被强调部分 + that / who”。如：Is it Tommy who answered the telephone? 是汤米接的电话吗? Is it from advertising that a newspaper earns
6、 a lot of its profits? 报纸获利最多的部分是在于广告收入吗？3. 特殊疑问句的强调结构特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词（Who / What / When / Where / Why / How）+is / was it that”这样的形式。如：When was it that he got married? 他是什么时候结婚的? How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯? Why
7、is it that I always land up cleaning the bath? 为什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸? In which play of Shakespeares is it that Viola appears? 维欧拉是在莎士比亚那个剧里出现的吗? 强调句的结构是“It is / was +强调部分 + that / who-从句”，it在句中作先行词，被强调的部分通常是主语、宾语和状语。这是it的主要用法和考点之一。一 在强调句中，被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which引导,而且通常不能省略。强调状语（从句）是历年高考中最主要的考点。例如（
8、MET95）：It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.A. while B. which C. that D. since答案是C。不能选B，因为该句中被强调的部分是时间状语从句。二 被强调的是非人称主语或宾语时，现代英语既可用that引导，也可用which引导。例如（NMET2000）：It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it答案是B，其中tha
9、t也可换成which。又如：It is the sun that / which gives us light and heat. 是太阳给了我们光和热。三 被强调者为人时，引导词用who或that。例如（上海高考题95）：Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself答案是A。句中的引导词that可换用who。有时强调句以倒装（疑问句）形式出现，此时可用“还原法”加以辨别。必须注意的是，当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。例如：It was I who disco
10、vered the secret first. 是我最先发现这个秘密的。四 对notuntil时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is / was not until that-从句，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。例如（MET92）：It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then答案是B。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导
11、。五 强调句和修饰时间及地点的定语从句的区别。比较下面两例：Was it in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded _ landing on the moon?A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in (上海高考题94)It was December26, 1893 _ Mao Zedong was born in the common village.A. when B. that C. which D. in which答案分别是D和A。前一句是强调句，因为被强调的部分in 1969是that从句
