1、e barcuspate forelandtuspate bartombolotombolo islandlongshore driftcoastal terrace，marine terraceeustatic movementcoral reeffringing reef堡礁环礁大陆架大陆坡洋盆海隆海岭平顶海山海沟海渊barrier reefatollcontinental shelfcontinental slopeoceanic basinriseoceanic ridgeguyottrenchabyssal deep04 气 候 学气候学气候气候资源太阳辐射反照射积温无霜期降水蒸发干
2、燥度热水平衡风向风速气候灾害climatologyclimateclimate resourcessolar radiationalbedoaccumulated temperaturefrost-free periodprecipitationevaporationaridityheat-water balancewind directionwind speedclimate damage，climatic hazard旱灾水灾风灾雹灾湿害热害冻害冷害气候分类气候区划气候带气候区气候型赤道带热带drought damageflood damagewind damagehail damagew
3、et damageheat damagefreezing damagecold damageclimatic classificationclimatic regionalizationclimatic zoneclimatic regionclimatic typeequatorial zonetropical zone亚热带温带寒带湿润气候干燥气候热带雨林气候萨瓦纳气候森林气候草原气候荒漠气候苔原气候极地气候高原气候山地气候大陆度subtropical zone temperate zonecold zonehumid climatearid climatetropical rainfor
4、est climatesavanna climateforest climatesteppe climatedesert climatetundra climatepolar climateplateau climatemountain climatecontinentality大陆性气候海洋性气候地中海气候地形气候学区域气候地方气候小气候气候系统行星风系信风季风梅雨台风寒潮海陆风continental climatemaritime climateMediterranean climatetopoclimatologyregional climatelocal climatemicrocli
5、mateclimatic systemplanetary wind systemtrade wind，tradesmonsoonMeiyu,，plum raintyphooncold wavesea-land breeze山谷风干热风焚风雨影气候变迁古气候历史气候年轮气候学物候学自然历城市气候城市热岛气候志mountain-valley breezedry-hot windfoehn rain shadowclimatic changepalaeoclimatehistorical climatedendroclimatologyphenologynatural calendarurban c
6、limateurban heat islandclimatography05 水 文 地 理 学水文地理学水文学水体水团河流学水利学水利经济学水化学森林水文学都市水文学水文物理学古水文学土壤水文学hydrogeographyhydrologywater bodywater masspotamologyhydraulicshydroeconomicshydrochemistryforest hydrologyurban hydrologyhydrophysicspalaeohydrologypedohydrology水文情势水文过程水文测验流域形态流域分水线河道坡降河道等级闭合盆地河网密度总蒸发
7、水平衡陆面蒸发水面蒸发分岔系数河源hydrological regimehydrological processhydrometrywatershed morphologybasin dividechannel gradientchannel orderclosed basindrainage densityevapotranspirationwater budget，water balanceland evaporationwater surface evaporationfork factorheadwaters水道网支流过程线流量过程线分割瀑布水平降水水循环水量交换径流径流系数年正常径流
8、量基流河床变形河流补给暴发洪水hydrographic nettributaryhydrographseparation of hydrographwaterfallhorizontal precipitationwater cyclewater exchangerunoffrunoff coefficientannual normal runoffbase flowriver bed deformationriver feedingflash flood洪水流水过程层间流壤中流河流数目定律叠加定律流量坡面流洪峰流量产流汇流产沙率退水曲线径流模数产水量floodfluvial processe
9、sinteraquifer flowinterflowlaw of stream numberslaw of superpositiondischargeoverland flowpeak dischargerunoff generationflow concentrationrate of sediment productionrecession curverunoff moduluswater yield悬移质泥沙运动产沙量水位洪水位警戒水位水土流失水土保持涝暴雨径流输沙能力径流变率地下水文学承压地下水水力传导度suspended loadsediment movementsediment
10、 yieldwater stageflood levelwarning stagewater and soil losswater and soil conservationwaterloggingstorm flowtransportability of sedimentsvariability of runoffgroundwater hydrologyconfined groundwaterhydraulic conductivity入渗土壤水含水层自流水盆地深层地下水裂隙水地下水位矿泉地下河饱和带湖沼学湖泊水文学湖流水质湖泊富营养化infiltrationsoil water aqui
11、ferartesian basindeep phreatic waterfissured waterwater tablemineral springunderground riversaturation zonelimnologylake hydrologylake currentwater qualitylake eutrophication人工湖盐湖咸水湖淡水湖构造湖层结侵蚀基准面局部侵蚀基准面裂点沉积作用堆积作用堆积物加积作用沉积相地貌世代地貌序列地形基面地貌组合正地貌undercuttingbase level of erosiongeneral base levellocal ba
12、se levelknick pointsedimentation, depositiondeposition, accumulationdepositaggradationsedimentary faciesgeneration of landformslandforms seriesbase levellandform assemblagepositive landform负地貌正常地貌倒置地貌地貌倒置刻蚀地貌夷平作用夷平面准平面剥蚀面山麓侵蚀面山麓侵蚀平面山顶面侵蚀循环回春作用negative landformnormal landforminverted landforminversio
13、n of landformerosional landformplanation surfacepeneplaindenudation sufaceerosion surfacepedimentpediplainsummit planeerosion cyclerejuvenation相关沉积地壳均衡新构造运动构造地貌学丹霞地貌构造高原构造阶地单面山方山猪背脊线形现象断层崖断层线崖断层三角面correlated sedimentsisostasyneotectonic movementstructural geomorphology, tectonic geomorphology“Danxia” landformstructural plateaustructural terracecuesta(西）mesahogback ridgelineamentfault scarpfault-line scarptriangular facet断层谷断块山火山火山作用风化作用物理风化作用化学风化作用生物风化作用机械风化作用差异风化作用风化层残积土
