1、.蒙娜丽莎是一幅享有盛誉的肖像画杰作。它代表达芬奇的最高艺术成就，成功地塑造了资本主义上升时期一位城市有产阶级的妇女形象。画中人物坐姿优雅，笑容微妙，背景山水幽深茫茫，淋漓尽致地发挥了画家那奇特的烟雾状“无界渐变着色法”般的笔法。画家力图使人物的丰富内心感情和美丽的外形达到巧妙的结合，对于人像面容中眼角唇边等表露感情的关键部位，也特别着重掌握精确与含蓄的辩证关系，达到神韵之境，从而使蒙娜丽莎的微笑具有一种神秘莫测的千古奇韵，那如梦似的妩媚微笑，被不少美术史家称为“神秘的微笑”。Mona Lisa is a renowned portrait masterpiece. It represents
2、 the highest artistic achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, succeeded in shaping the rise of capitalism propertied classes during a city image of women. Stick figures sitting elegant, subtle smile, background landscape deep fog, vividly played a painter that strange smoke-like unbounded gradient colori
3、ng-like strokes. Painter trying to make people rich inner feelings and beautiful shape to achieve clever combination, for the portrait face in the corner of the lips and other key parts of their personal feelings, but also special emphasis on precise and subtle grasp the dialectical relationship, to
4、 charm of the environment, so that the Mongolian Mona Lisas enigmatic smile has one kind of rhyme through the ages, that dream-like charming smile, by many art historians as the mysterious smile.它的拥有者法国政府把它保存在巴黎的卢浮宫供公众欣赏。 Its owners the French government to save it in the Louvre in Paris for the pub
5、lic to enjoy.微笑之谜 500年来，人们一直对蒙娜丽莎神秘的微笑莫衷一是。不同的观者或在不同的时间去看，感受似乎都不同。有时觉得她笑得舒畅温柔，有时又显得严肃，有时像是略含哀伤，有时甚至显出讥嘲和揶揄。在一幅画中，光线的变化不能像在雕塑中产生那样大的差别。但在蒙娜丽莎的脸上，微暗的阴影时隐时现，为她的双眼与唇部披上了一层面纱。而人的笑容主要表现在眼角和嘴角上，达芬奇却偏把这些部位画得若隐若现，没有明确的界线，因此才会有这令人捉摸不定的“神秘的微笑”。Smile Mystery500 years, people have been on the Mona Lisa mysteriou
6、s smile today. Different audiences or at different times to see, seems to have a different feel. She laughed sometimes feel comfortable gentle, sometimes seem serious, sometimes like with a little sadness, and sometimes even show ridicule and derision. In one painting, the light changes can not be p
7、roduced as in sculpture as a big difference. But in the Mona Lisas face, somber shadows hidden, for her eyes and lips covered with a veil. The mans smile is mainly manifested in the eyes and mouth, and Leonardo da Vinci has chosen to put these parts painted looming, there is no clear boundaries, so
8、will have this elusive mysterious smile.达芬奇1502年（意大利文艺复兴时期）开始创作蒙娜丽莎，并根据瓦萨里（Vasari）的记载，这幅画耗时4年完成。Leonardo da Vinci in 1502 (Italian Renaissance) began writing the Mona Lisa, and according to Vasari (Vasari) records, this painting took four years to complete.蒙娜丽莎是意大利最早的一幅半身画像，画中人物坐着并把交叠的双手搁在座椅的扶手上，从头部
9、至腰部完整的呈现出半身形体，一改早期画像只画头部及上半身、在胸部截断的构图，为日后的画家及摄影师树立新的肖像图基本架构。达芬奇使用金字塔结构来将画中的女士简单而充满地放置在画中。她的叠在一起的手构成金字塔前方的角。她的胸部、颈部和面部焕发出与她的手同样的柔软的光芒。这些有机部分的光芒的变化显示出肉体的丰满和柔润，包括上述的笑容。西格蒙德弗洛伊德将这个笑容理解为画家对他母亲的感性的怀念。其他人将它描写为天真的、诱媚的或甚至于出神的或悲伤的。应该指出的是达芬奇当时的肖像画多半带有这样的微笑。最近有学者指出蒙娜丽莎之所以看起来似笑非笑是因为达芬奇应用了眼睛的错觉。眼睛的中心部位一般对较为亮的区域敏感
10、，而边缘则对较暗的区域敏感。人一般确认笑容时主要是靠嘴唇和眼睛的形态特征判断。而达芬奇就是利用了蒙娜丽莎嘴唇形成的阴影。当你盯着她的眼睛时你不会忽视她的嘴和眼睛，就会觉得她在微笑，而你盯着她的嘴时你会忽视她的嘴和眼睛，就会觉得她没有在微笑（怪诞心理学）。神秘的蒙娜丽莎除了以其微笑著称，画中人物的眼神也相当独特。无论你从正面哪个角度赏画，都会发现蒙娜丽莎的眼睛直视着你，这使人感到蒙娜丽莎的眼睛仿佛是活的，会随着观众的视角游走，并对所有观众抱以永恒的微笑。Mona Lisa is a portrait bust of the Italian first one, stick figures sit
11、ting and put folded hands resting on the arm of the seat, from the head to the waist showing a complete shape to the bust, a portrait painted on an early change head and upper body, the chest truncated composition, painters and photographers for the future to establish a new portrait drawing basic a
12、rchitecture.Using Da Vinci painting pyramid structure to be simple and full of ladies placed in the painting. Her hands together form pyramids stacked in front of the corner . Her chest, neck and face with her hands full of the same soft light. These changes in the organic part of the light show fle
13、sh plump and soft, including the aforementioned smile. Sigmund Freud understood as a painter this smile on his mothers emotional memories. Others describe it as naive , or even as pro- inducing trance or sad . It should be noted that most of the portrait of Leonardo time with such a smile .Recently
14、some scholars have pointed out that the reason why the Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci application looks faint because of the illusion of eyes . The center of the eye generally more sensitive to bright areas , while the edges on the darker areas sensitive . Smile when people are generally recognized mai
15、nly by the morphological characteristics of the lips and eyes judgment . The Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci is the use of the lips forming shadows. When you stare at her eyes when you do not ignore her mouth and eyes , you will think she is smiling and you stare at her mouth when you ignore her mouth
16、and eyes , you will feel that she is not smiling ( grotesque psychology ) .In addition to its mysterious Mona Lisa smile , said , stick figures look quite unique . No matter which angle you from the front Shang Hua , will find Mona Lisa s eyes look directly at you, it makes people feel as if the eye
17、s of the Mona Lisa is alive, will walk with the audiences perspective , and all the audience hold to eternal smile .璟璟基带的植被为亚热带常绿阔叶林C丙地位于背风坡，土壤水分条件差D河流从丁地流向甲地第卷二、非选择题（本大题有2小题，共计46分）31阅读图文材料，完成下列要求。（20分）材料一 阿特拉斯山脉位于非洲西北部，主峰海拔4165米。阿特拉斯山区自然风光独特，山顶终年积雪，山脉东南侧一年四季烈日炎炎，热浪滚滚，沙漠广布，山麓地带有喜温湿的棕榈分布；西北地区气候宜人，花木繁
18、茂，风景如画，赢得了“北非花园”的美称。材料二 下图为阿特拉斯山及周边地区示意图。（1）指出阿特拉斯山脉的走向，并运用板块构造学说的知识说明其形成过程。（6分）（2）阿特拉斯山一面是沙漠，一面是“北非花园”，分析其形成原因。 （8分）（3）试分析说明阿特拉斯山区域适宜发展高山滑雪的有利自然条件。（6分）32.（10分） 根据图文材料，完成下列各题。材料一：贵广高速铁路北起贵阳，南至广州，于2014年12月26日正式通车。高铁沿线地区以喀斯特地貌为主。材料二：漫画：贵广高速铁路图材料三：贵州省黔南州在利用自然条件发展热带、亚热带及温带水果的基础上，通过良种繁育、节水灌溉等技术，大力发展优质无公害
19、特色果蔬品种。产品在供给本省同时，进入广东、广西、港澳及东南亚市场，形成具有区域特色的外销果蔬生产基地。（1）简述喀斯特地貌的主要特点。（4分）（2）为克服喀斯特地貌给修铁路带来的不利影响，可采取 和 等工程措施。（2分）（3）说明黔南州发展商品化外销果蔬生产的区位优势。（4分）33阅读图文资料，回答下列问题。（14分）材料：长江上游金沙江是从青海玉树到四川宜宾，其景色雄壮秀美，每年都会吸引大量游客游览。下图是游客在金沙江干流南部河谷拍摄的照片，河谷两岸植被较为稀疏，多枯黄色，这样的河谷在地理学中称为“干热河谷”。结合材料回答下列问题。(1) 简述该流域的地形特征。（4分）(2) 图示河段河流
20、对地表形态的主要作用是什么？（2分）(3)分析金沙江所流经山区自然带的主要特征及成因。(4分)参考答案一、选择题(共60分)12345678910BDADBBBCCA11121314151617181920CDDBAAADBC21222324252627282930DDBCCDCBAB二、综合题（共40分）31（20分）（1）（6分）东北西南走向；非洲板块和亚欧板块相向水平运动碰撞；挤压垂直上升运动（隆起）。（2）（8分）阿特拉斯山东南面受副热带高气压带的控制，炎热干燥，形成沙漠（2分）；西北面受副热带高气压带和西风带的交替控制，属于地中海气候（2分）；阿特拉斯山阻挡了沙漠的扩展（2分）和西风
21、的深入（2分）。（3）（6分）地势起伏大，落差大；冬季西风迎风坡，降雪丰富，积雪累积厚度大；海拔高，气温低，存雪时间较长（2分）。32.（10分）（1）地表破碎，崎岖不平（2分）； 多地下水溶洞和地下河（2分）（2）修建桥梁（1分） 修建隧道（1分）（3）自然条件复杂多样（或地形影响，形成立体气候）利于多种果蔬种植； 技术水平高，利于发展优质特色果蔬产品；交通运输便利，利于产品外销；市场需求量大等。（共4点，每点1分） 33.（10分）（1）以高大山地为主（2分），地势西北高、东南低（2分）；山高谷深，地势起伏大（2分）。（2）流水的侵蚀作用（2分）（3）垂直分异分异明显，垂直带谱完整，基带为亚热带常绿阔叶林带。（2分）原因：海拔高，相对高度较大，基带地处亚热带季风气候区。（2分）;.嚵嚵n has choice to begin love, but not to end it. -Bohn 一个人开始去爱上谁的时候，他可以有所选择，但当他要结束爱情的时候，他可没有选择了。84、A happy family life is a wonderful asset for any one.快乐的家庭生活对每个人都是很大的一笔财富。小编推荐：英语好句子摘抄西游记好词好句摘抄高中好词好句摘抄.物质流和关联度统筹产业布局，推进园区循环化改造，建设工农
