1、 highlights possibilities for renewable energy development in key ASEAN case study countries, and includes a brief proposal for promoting renewable energy development. The reports main points are as follows: While the region currently relies on fossil fuels, renewable energy resources are abundant,
2、and their proportion in final energy consumption is increasing every year. ASEAN countries have significant biomass, geothermal, and hydropower resources, and there is great potential for wind, solar, and tidal energy. Indonesias natural resources 10 “一带一路”绿色发展研究项目 are the most abundant, ranking fir
3、st in ASEAN countries in terms of hydropower, geothermal, and biomass energy. Wind resources are mainly concentrated in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and some coastal areas, with Vietnam having the most abundant wind potential. Due to ASEANs geography, solar resources are also ample, with annual solar ra
4、diation in most countries reaching over 1750 kWh/m2. At present, fossil fuels account for 74% of ASEAN energy consumption, while renewable energy only accounts for 6%. However, there is an existing foundation for ASEAN countries to develop renewable energy and support an energy sector transformation
5、. The share of electricity in final energy consumption has increased from 10% in 2000 to 16% in 2016. The share of electricity in final energy consumption in countries like Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, and the Philippines is more than 20%, well over the global average. Power consumption in Cambodia,
6、Indonesia, and Myanmar is relatively low, but it is rising steadily every year, and ASEAN countries overall continue to improve on access to electricity. The formulation of renewable energy targets and the introduction of supporting policies have created a positive policy environment for developing
7、renewable energy. In the “2016-2025 ASEAN Cooperative Action Plan Phase I: 2016-2020”, ASEAN set an overall regional target of 23% renewable energy in total primary energy consumption by 2025. Member states have also set national targets accordingly, including Laos (59%), the Philippines (41%), Indo
8、nesia (26%), Cambodia (35%), Myanmar (29%), and Thailand (24%), all higher than the overall ASEAN target. At the same time, ASEAN member states have formulated renewable energy incentive policies, including feed-in tariffs, preferential loans, capital subsidies, and tax incentives. Strategic advance
9、ment, goal guidance, and the development of corresponding renewable energy support policies will all be important factors in promoting renewable energy development in ASEAN countries. Given continuous growth in power demand, current low levels of renewable energy development, and a global trend towa
10、rds new energy development cost reductions, renewable energy will be a new driver to meet rising demand, with great potential for future development. Based on an average economic growth rate of 5.3% per year, ASEAN power demand will reach 1003.9 billion kWh by 2020, with an average annual growth rat
11、e of 4.6%. In terms of current resource utilization, wind power and solar power development is at less than 5% of its total development potential in ASEAN countries, and tidal and geothermal power have not been developed and utilized on a large scale. In terms of technical potential, the Levelized C
12、ost of Electricity (LCOE) in Southeast Asia for coal power plants was about $55-60/MWh in 2015, based on ultra-low emissions technology. Hydropowers LCOE is the closest to coal power, at about $85/ 11 东盟国家可再生能源发展规划及重点案例国研究 MWh, while biomass, onshore wind, and solar LCOE are still about 2-4 times th
13、e cost of coal. Although currently coal prices are at an advantage, future coal power prices will not change much by 2035. If additional development of coal resources and carbon emissions are factored into total costs then the cost of coal will likely increase in the future. On the other hand, globa
14、l wind and solar costs have fallen by 65% and 85% respectively in the past 15 years, and there is room for further r翺灠挀瀀栀琀洀氀笀蟃羼怀走/Mg前台访问/p-1247079.html123.125.71.440黧翺椀瀀栀琀洀氀紀堀羾5Sowap前台访问/p-1248451.html111.225.148.640勈銰最茀眀愀瀀漀漀欀刀攀愀搀愀猀瀀砀椀搀缀翀怀/Mk前台访问/p-1247069.html220.181.108.1720黧翺欀瀀栀琀洀氀脀翃5Sqwap前台访问/p-
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