1、第四学时Grammar观察领悟观察领悟下列句子，找出其规律并熟读。1But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.2So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.3He became _interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.4From the st
2、omach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.5He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.6He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.7When we got to the c
3、lassroom，the door was closed8A watched pot never boils.自我总结以上画线部分作定语的有_；作表语的有_。答案：exposed，terrified，affected，polluted，astonished, watched；inspired，interested, closed一、过去分词的构成规则动词的过去分词是在动词词尾加ed，不规则动词的过去分词有不规则的变化，如know known，keep kept，fall fallen等，这些不规则变化需要单独记忆。二、过去分词作定语的功能1表“被动” 或“完成” 。boiled water 开
4、水fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳selected apples 精选的苹果spoken English 英语口语iced beer 冰镇啤酒cooked food 熟食fried chips 炸土豆条2单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词语之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。但过去分词修饰something，anyone，everything，nobody等不定代词时，应放在其后。Hurry up，there is only a little time left.快点，剩下的时间不多了。There is nobody injured in t
5、he accident.这场事故中没有人受伤。3过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。Near the window，there is a bookshelf filled with many books(which is filled with many books)靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。Her daughter，brought up by me(who was brought up by me)，has begun to work now.她的女儿由我带大的，现在已经开始工作了。三、过去分词作表语的功能1当“人” 作主语时用过去分词作表语表示主
6、语的“状态或思想感情” 等。When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.当听到这件事时，我们被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。2过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。过去分词作表语表示主语的“状态” ，而被动语态则表示被动的“动作” 。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)I was greatly surprised by a knock at
7、the door.敲门声使我大为吃惊。(状态)On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%的面积被水覆盖着。(动作)四、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别1语态上不同：现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词多表示被动意义。surprising news使人吃惊的消息surprised listeners吃惊的听众2时间关系上不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country发展中国家the developed country发达国家五、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别现在分
8、词作表语，表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系；而过去分词作表语，其动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。The news was exciting and we were all excited.消息令人兴奋，我们都很激动。We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我们对他在会上所讲的很是惊讶。温馨提示：分词作定语口诀“定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。分词短语在词后，“定从”和它互对照。“现分”动作进行时，“过分”动作完成了。(注：“定分”：作定语的分词；“定从”：定语从句；“现分”：现在分词；“
9、过分”：过去分词。)一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1The_ (steal)bike was_(find) by the police yesterday.2The student_(dress) in white is my daughter.3The novel _(write) by him is very popular with the students.4The electric wire is _(break)5He became _(discourage) at the failure of the exam.6He is an _ (honour) teacher and we
10、 all like to attend his class.7The _(pollute) river should be protected from pollution.8The building _(build) now is our classroom building.9When we heard of the news，we were deeply _(move)10They were _(frighten) to hear the _(frighten) sound.答案：1stolen；found 2.dressed3.written4.broken5discouraged6.
11、honoured7.polluted 8.being built9moved10.frightened；frightening二、用过去分词形式完成下列句子1我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Well go to visit the bridge_.2你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？ Why do you always_?Do you sleep well these days?3我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。 I _ the film I saw last night，I had expected it to be better.4听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Ev
12、erybody _to hear the death of the famous film star.5要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。 The children _going to the zoo.6他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。 His wound _ a new virus.7我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊！How I regretted the hours_!8我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。I like wearing clothes_.9鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。The books _.10丢了钱他受到责备。He _for losing the money.答案：1built hundreds of y
13、ears ago2.look so tired3was disappointed with4.was shocked5are really excited about6.became infected with7wasted in the woods8.made of this kind of cloth9written by Lu Xun are popular10.got blamed三、语法填空The other day, Mike was so 1._(tire) in class 2._ he fell asleep before long. When he woke3._ in c
14、lass, he found his teachers 4._(disappoint) expression. His teacher told him that there was only a little time 5._(leave) for the Midexam. Everyone should be devoted 6._their study, 7._they would regret sooner or later. 8._(hear) this, Mike was deeply 9._(move) and 10._ (determine) to work harder fr
15、om then on.答案：1tired2.that3.up4.disappointed 5.left6.to7or8.Hearing9.moved10.determined四、单句改错1Cheng Sixia was shocking at seeing the big scar on her 6yearold sons face burning by the boys teacher._2An exhibition of 100 photos taking by the hearing impaired (损伤)，entitling “Beautiful Guangzhou，My Home
16、”，is on at the Guangzhou Museum until February 18，2015._3Dont drink polluting water，because it carries the virus._4There is a car parking outside the house._5We were inspiring by the inspired news._答案：1shockingshocked；burningburned/burnt2takingtaken；entitlingentitled3pollutingpolluted4parkingparked5inspiringinspired；inspiredinspiring
