1、单元综合检测(二)(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)A(2019安徽江淮名校期中)Peggy Whitsons job demands a daily twohour workout in a gym where weight has no meaning and the view changes at 17，000 miles an hour.Whitson makes it look easy. At 57, she is the oldest woman to fly in space, breaki
2、ng the record last November when she began her third longterm stay at the International Space Station. After returning home in September, 2017, the NASA astronaut felt matteroffact about the age milestone(里程碑)“It wasnt a record I was seeking for，”Whitson said.“I was 42 and 48 for my first two space
3、flights. I feel lucky that I was able to get to do another one in my 50s. I dont think people should let age discourage them, even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness. The oldest man is John Glenn (at 77), and weve had male astronauts in their 60s before, so its just a matter
4、of time before women start flying in space at this age”On the earth, she stays fit by weightlifting, biking, playing basketball and water skiing. She shared what its like to live in microgravity：“Its like youre in a swimming pool, but you dont have to worry about breathing.If I push off from one sid
5、e, Im going to float to the other side.Every direction feels exactly the same, which is really hard for your brain to grasp, but its amazing how fast you adapt.Its a big shock for the body to come back to Eartheverything is so heavy. We spend a lot of time getting used to being back in gravity again
6、. Back pain was really the most dramatic for me this time. For me, coming home is harder than going up into space.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了最年长的女宇航员纪录保持者Peggy Whitson在太空的体验以及她积极向上的心态。1What does the underlined word probably mean in the passage?AAmazing.BNatural.CEnthusiastic.DUnbelievable.B词义猜测题。根据第三段中Whits
7、on的话可知，她认为人们不应该被年龄所击败，以57岁“高龄”进行太空飞行是一件很正常的事情，因此她对自己创下纪录并不感到惊讶。由此可知画线词意为“平常的”。故选B。2How many days did Peggy Whitson spend for her third stay in the International Space Station?AAbout 300 days.BAbout 708 days.CAbout 107 days.DAbout 57 days.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“breaking the record last November when she bega
8、n her third longterm stay at the International Space Station.After returning home in September，2017”可知，从2016年11月到2017年9月，Peggy Whitson在国际空间站待了300天左右的时间。故选A。3According to the passage, which of the following is true?APeggy Whitson is the oldest person to fly in space, breaking the record.BThere had be
9、en female astronauts flying in space in their 60s before.CPeggy Whitson likes swimming most to stay fit on the earth.DPeggy Whitson had been in space in 2002 and 2008.D细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，2017年Peggy Whitson 57岁，她在42岁和48岁时也进行过太空飞行，由此可知这两次飞行分别发生在2002年和2008年。故选D。4Which of the following will Peggy Whitson
10、 probably say?AYou can still be successful and do physical things when you get old.BI spent quite a lot of time getting used to the life in space.CThe moment we reached the earth, we felt so relaxed.DI feel lucky that I am physically all right after the whole journey.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I dont think peop
11、le should let age discourage them，even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness.”可知，Peggy Whitson认为人们不应被年龄所击败，即使是从事那些对身体健康状况有一定要求的工作。由此可知她会说当你老了的时候，你也可以做一些需要体力的事情。故选A。BThere is a lot to learn about the creations of Beatrix Potternot only is she the author and illustrator of one of
12、the worlds most famous childrens books, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist.“Potter grew up as the daughter of a wealthy Victorian family，but along with her brother who filled an entire floor of their large house in London with all sorts of
13、animals，” said Anne Lundin, a retired professor for the UWMadison School of Library and Information Studies.“As an adult，she was a frustrated botanical illustrator and scientist. That field was not open to her because she was female，” Lundin said.Potter was urged to turn the charming illustrations a
14、nd stories she wrote in letters to children into books. She wrote 23 books in alla body of work that has inspired plays, ballets, films and an astonishing amount of merchandise.“The Tale of Peter Rabbit is probably the most famous childrens book in the world，which was published in 1902 and has reall
15、y stood the test of time.Its been translated into 36 languages. The parents and grandparents will share it with the next generation，” said Lundin.Potter also made a mark on the world through her land conservation. “In many ways, she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk.
16、 She withdrew from London as soon as she started making some money on her books to the Lake District and became an extremely important farmer and conservationist. She preserved and passed on 15 farms and over 4，000 acres, which were given back to the country as gifts in the 20th century，” said Lundi
17、n.“Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modernher embracing of the natural world，” commented Jennifer Blatchley Smith, an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potters birth.【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要讲述了Beatrix Potter的故事，Beatrix Potter
18、不仅是一位著名的作家、插图画家，还是自然环境保护的先驱者和植物学家。由于Potter对世界的贡献，人们至今都在铭记她。5What helped Beatrix Potter to write The Tale of Peter Rabbit successfully?AHer life and work experiences.BHer specialty in animated(动画) pictures.CHer success in becoming a botanical scientist.DHer interest in animals in childhood alone.A推理判
19、断题。根据倒数第二段中“she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk”，她像兔子彼得一样，在一个充满冒险和危险的世界中探险，可知，Beatrix Potter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经历为基础来创作这本书的。故选A。6What is Beatrix Potter?AA botanist and artist.BAn extremely important farmer and successful scientist.CA writer，conservationist and farmer.DA
20、n artistic director.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the worlds most famous childrens books，The Tale of Peter Rabbit，but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist”，以及倒数第二段中“became an extremely important farmer and conservationist”可知，Beatrix Po
21、tter是作家、插图画家、自然环境保护者和农民。故选C。7Why does the author write the article?AIn celebration of Potters 150th birthday.BIn honour of Potters new contributions.CIn praise of Potters spirit of selflessness.DIn support of Potters book promotions.A写作意图题。纵览全文，全篇都在讲述主人公的生平事迹，再根据最后一段中的“Even though she was born 150 y
22、ears ago，she was amazingly modern”及“an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potters birth”可知，这篇文章是为了怀念Potter，为庆祝她150岁诞辰而写的。故选A。C(2019辽宁沈阳交联体期中)My husband and I had been married nearly twentytwo years when I acquired StevensJohnson syndrome, a disorde
23、r where my immune system(免疫系统) responded to a virus by producing painful blisters(水疱). Although my longterm evaluation was good, I, who had been so fiercely independent, rapidly became absolutely helpless.My husband, Scott, stepped up to the plate, taking care of kids and cooking dinners. He also be
24、came my personal caretaker, applying the medicine to all of my blisters because my hands couldnt do the job.Needless to say，I had negative emotions, bouncing from embarrassment to shame caused by total reliance on someone other than myself.At one point when I had mentally and physically hit bottoms
25、I remember thinking that Scott must somehow love me more than I could ever love him. With my illness，he had become the stronger one, and I the weaker one.And this disturbed me.I recovered from my illness, but I couldnt seem to recover from the thought that I loved my husband less than he loved me.Th
26、is seeming distinction in our love continued to annoy me for the year following my illness.Then recently Scott and I went on a long bike ride.Hes an experienced cyclist; Im quite the green hand.At one point with a strong headwind and sharp pain building in my tired legs, I really thought I couldnt g
27、o any further. Seeing me struggle, Scott pulled in front of me and yelled over his shoulder，“Stay close behind me.”As I fell into the draft of his sixfootthreeinch frame and followed his steps, I discovered that my legs quit burning and I was able to catch my breath. My husband was pulling me along
28、again. At this very moment I woke up to what I now believe: during these and other tough times，love has the opportunity to become stronger when one partner learns to lean on the other.I pray my husband will always be strong and healthy.But if he should ever become the struggling one, whether on a bi
29、ke ride or with an illness, I trust Ill be ready to call out to him: Stay close behind memy turn to pull you along.【语篇解读】作者生病后，她的丈夫一直照顾、鼓励和支持她，给她帮助和力量；作者最后也发出感慨：倘若有一天角色互换，她也会同样给她的丈夫支持和力量。8What made the author feel helpless?AHer treatments failure.BHer husbands caring for her too much.CHer losing the
30、 previous independence.DHer suffering from illness and mental disorder.C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Although my longterm evaluation was good，I，who had been so fiercely independent，rapidly became absolutely helpless.”和第二段中的“Needless to say，I had negative emotions，bouncing from embarrassment to shame caused by tota
31、l reliance on someone other than myself.”可知作者曾经非常独立，但得病后完全依赖丈夫而变得很无助，感到尴尬和羞愧。故选C。9Which of the following can best describe the authors husband?AFamilycentered.BNot good at taking action.CCareercentered.DIndependent but tired of negative emotions.A推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知丈夫在作者得病后照顾家庭，看护生病的作者。故选A。10What did t
32、he authors husband do when going on the long bike ride?AFollowed her closely.BGave in to her depression.CBacked her up all the way.DStopped to take care of her.C推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Seeing me struggle，Scott pulled in front of me and yelled over his shoulder，Stay close behind me.”和“My husband was pulling me
33、 along again.”可知作者进行长途的骑车运动时，她的丈夫一路上给她支持和鼓励，C选项Backed her up all the way意为“一路上支持她”，符合文章。故选C。11Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “stepped up to the plate” in Paragraph 2?AMoved into batting position.BBegan to take the responsibility.CWalked to the kitchen.DBegan to wash the pla
34、tes.B词义猜测题。此处指我生病后丈夫开始行动，履行自己的责任，照顾家庭，看护生病的作者。stepped up to the plate指“开始行动，接受挑战”。故选B。DScientists think they have answered a mystery：How some ocean creatures got so huge so quickly.A few million years ago, the largest whales，averaged about 15 feet long.Then seemingly overnight, one type of whale, th
35、e toothless baleen whale (须鲸类) became huge.Modern blue whales get as big as 100 feet. Nicholas Pyenson of the Smithsonian Natural History Museum said，“Why is that？”“It happened in the glance of an evolutionary eye, which makes it harder to figure out what happened，” said Graham Slater，lead author of
36、 the study. Their study has suggested an answer：Ice ages in the last 3 to 5 million years started it, changing the oceans and food supply for whales.The researchers used fossil records of the smaller whales to create a family tree for baleen whales which include blue whales, humpbacks and right whal
37、es. Using computer simulations (模拟) and knowledge about how evolution works，they concluded that when the size changes started, the poles got colder, ice expanded and the water circulation in the oceans changed and winds shifted.Slater and Pyenson said cold water went deep and moved closer to the equ
38、ator (赤道) and then eventually moved back up with small fish and other small animals that whales eat.Baleen whales, which have no teeth, feed by eating huge amounts of fish they capture.Toothed whales, like sperm whales (抹香鲸), hunt individual fish, so the ocean changes that made food less evenly spre
39、ad out didnt affect them as much. But baleen whales hunt schools of fish.Olivier Lambert at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences calls it “a really convincing situation”But he said the lack of fossils in certain time periods is an issue.As oceans warm from manmade climate change，the seas
40、will be more like it was when the whales were smaller and they will have a more difficult time surviving.【语篇解读】文章以鲸鱼为例分析了一些海洋动物快速变大的原因，提出了气候变化引起海洋变化，造成鲸鱼生存困难的现状，呼吁人们保护环境和动物。12What does the author mean by “It happened in the glance of an evolutionary eye” in the second paragraph?AThe change of baleen
41、 whales happened too quickly.BThe change of baleen whales was too difficult to explore.CResearchers paid little attention to the change of baleen whales.DResearchers thought the change of baleen whales was unimportant.A句意理解题。根据下句“which makes it harder to figure out what happened”可知画线句子指这种变化在进化的发展中只是
42、匆匆一瞥，形容其速度之快。A项正好表达了此意。13What played the key role in baleen whales becoming huge?AManmade climate change.BIts eating a huge amount of fish.CThe water circulation in the oceans.DThe increase of food supply for whales.D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句、第三段最后一句和第四段中“But baleen whales hunt schools of fish.”可知由于海水流向和鲸鱼食物来
43、源的变化，须鲸能捕获到鱼群，食物增多，体积变大。故选D。14What do we know about sperm whales and blue whales according to the text?ASperm whales eat more food.BBlue whales live much longer.CSperm whales prefer to hunt schools of fish.DBlue whales usually swallow schools of fish.D推理判断题。根据第二段中“the toothless baleen whale(须鲸类)beca
44、me huge.Modern blue whales get as big as 100 feet.”和第四段中“Toothed whales，like sperm whales(抹香鲸)，hunt individual fish.But baleen whales hunt schools of fish.”可知sperm whales和blue whales的情况，blue whales属于baleen whales，能捕获鱼群。故选D。15What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThere are no whale fossils now.B
45、The whales may become even bigger.CGlobal warming has threatened the whales.DOlivier Lamber thinks the study is perfect.C推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知由于气候变暖引起海洋变化，威胁鲸鱼的生存。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” PersonLife is a constant exercise in selfimprovement. In the rush to a
46、chieve, the idea of being “better” can become lost sometimes. You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way. 16 Explore your talents.Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests. So its often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find o
47、ne that suits you. 17 For example, people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club, but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what youll enjoy. 18 No matter how much money you make, you will not be happy if y
48、ou spend your entire life doing something you hate.Its important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.If youre particularly unhappy at your job, consider why. 19 If you feel your job isnt meaningful，or isnt in line with your values, consider finding another job.Experience something new.Research has shown that when were in our comfort zone
