1、绿 色 印 刷 产 品 ENGLISH普通高中教科书主编：束定芳第四册主 编：束定芳副主编：王蓓蕾分册主编：吕晶晶 编 者： 唐树华 田 臻 任 远 安 琳 骆传伟 张亚萍 刘宝莹责任编辑：陈 菊美术设计：戴玉倩普通高中教科书 英语 选择性必修 4上海市教育委员会 组织编写出版 上海外语教育出版社（上海市大连西路 558 号）发行印刷版次 2020 年 6 月第 1 版印次 2020 年 6 月第 1 次开本 890 毫米 1240 毫米 1/16印张 6.25字数 198 千字书号定价价格依据文号版权所有未经许可不得采用任何方式擅自复制或使用本产品任何部分违者必究如发现内容质量问题，请拨打电
2、话 4008-213-263如发现印、装质量问题，影响阅读，请与上海外语教育出版社联系。 电话：021-65609540声明 按照中华人民共和国著作权法第二十三条中，关于“为实施九年制义务教育和国家教育规划而编写出版教科书，除作者事先声明不许使用的外，可以不经著作权人许可，在教科书中汇编已经发表的作品片段或者短小的文字作品、音乐作品或者单幅的美术作品、摄影作品，但应当按照规定支付报酬，指明作者姓名、作品名称”的有关规定，我们已尽量寻找原作者支付报酬。原作者如有关于支付报酬事宜可及时与出版社联系。Unit 1 Achieving EffectiveCommunicationUnit 2 Lear
3、ning about Trade and Economy Unit 3 Delving into HistoryUnit 4 App roachingClassicsUnderstandingDiscoveringReading, Listening and ViewingVocabulary Focus Grammar in UseReading A: How I Conquered Stage Fright (Speech)Expressions related to communication Complex sentences (review)Reading B: Excerpt fr
4、om The Story of My Life (Autobiography)Culture Link: Braille and the Man Who Invented ItListening: Barriers to Effective Communication (Podcast)Viewing: Smartphone Technology Assists Stephen Hawking with Communication (News report) Reading A: Chinas Foreign Trade Progress at a Glance (Expository ess
5、ay)Expressions related to economics-ing/-ed forms and infinitives (review)Reading B: Why Pay $36.09 for Rancid Chicken? (Short story)Reading strategy: Identifying the purpose of a text Listening: Why Do We Need to Study Economics? (Mini-lecture)Viewing: How the Economy Really Works (Mini-lecture)Cul
6、ture Link: Shell MoneyReading A: The Grand Canal (Expository essay)Expressions related to historyInversion Culture Link: The Historiesby HerodotusReading B: The Silk Road: Connecting the East and the West (Expository essay)Listening: The Forbidden City (Mini-lecture)Listening strategy: Making infere
7、ncesViewing: Building a Museum of Museums on the Web (Speech)Reading A: Excerpt from The Old Man and the Sea (Novel) Expressions related to classic worksSubjunctive mood (wish and if only)Reading B: Written in March (Poem)Culture Link: The Lake PoetsListening: Bertrand Russells Message to the Future
8、 Generation (Interview)Viewing: Why Does Poetry Matter? (Film clip)UnitP2P18P34P50Appendices * Literature Corner P66 * Words and Expressions P70 Reading P70Listening and Viewing P81* Grammar Terms P83 * Glossary P84 ProducingExtending SpeakingWritingCritical ThinkingFurther ExplorationDiscussingtech
9、nological solutions to communication problemsSpeaking strategy:Compromising and reaching an agreementWriting a summary of a general-specific essayWriting strategy:Summary writing 1 grasping main points Generalising by identifying common characteristicsConducting a survey about the impact of social m
10、edia on interpersonal communicationMaking a budget planWriting a summary of a problem-solution essay Writing strategy:Summary writing 2 paraphrasingJustifying decisions by exploring the underlying principlesPlaying a trading gameIntroducing a museumas a tour guideWriting a summary of a claim-counter
11、claim essay Writing strategy:Summary writing 3 proofreading Viewing matters from a historical perspectiveDesigning a brochure about a historic siteRecommending Chinese classics Speaking strategy:Highlighting key points Writing a continuation of a story Writing strategy:Writing a continuation (narrat
12、ive)Forming opinions based on existing viewsRecommending classic literary worksMap of the Book致同学们亲爱的同学们：经过小学和初中阶段的学习，大家已经掌握了一定的英语词汇、语法、语用等知识，也具备了一定的英语应用能力。大家是否希望能够进一步学会使用地道的英语来介绍中国文化和社会生活呢？是否想通过英语了解更多的世界文化知识？是否希望通过英语获得更多的知识和技能，以便更好地去处理日常生活中的压力、应对可能发生的自然灾害或选择健康的生活方式？本教材为同学们精心准备了题材丰富、风格多样的学习材料和形式活泼、寓
13、教于乐的学习活动，让大家在学习英语的同时，领略博大精深的中华文化、绚烂多彩的世界文化并拓展全球视野。同学们，高中阶段英语学习的主要目的是全面提升语言综合使用能力。 同时，通过英语学习获取更多的百科知识和专业知识，提升跨文化交际意识和能力，以及训练逻辑思维和批判性思维能力。本教材每册由四个单元组成。每个单元围绕人与自我、人与社会或人与自然相关的主题展开，形成一个交际和学习活动相结合的有机整体。每个单元包括四大板块：理解（UNDERSTANDING）板块提供丰富的阅读、听力材料和视频片段；发现（DISCOVERING）板块包括词汇和语法知识，帮助同学们发现、掌握并学会使用规则，达到举一反三的效果；
14、表达（PRODUCING）板块设计了听、说、读、写结合的综合活动，以帮助同学们提升用英语完成相关交际任务的能力；拓展（EXTENDING）板块包括思维训练（Critical Thinking）和项目探究（Further Exploration）两个部分，前者旨在帮助同学们训练逻辑思维和批判性思维的能力，后者指导同学们开展研究性学习、自主学习和合作学习。文化链接（Culture Link）为灵活板块，主要介绍与单元主题相关的世界文化或中国文化小百科。同学们还可以通过每单元结尾的自我评价（Self-assessment）板块检测自己的学习成果，发现需要改进的地方并制定相应的学习计划。同学们， 掌握
15、一门外语就意味着多一双看世界的眼睛， 多一双听世界的耳朵，多一个探索世界的工具。学习一门外语需要大量的操练和实践，需要持之以恒。希望同学们在老师的指导下，把教材作为起跳板，充分调动你们已有的知识，探索未知的领域， “跃”向更广阔的世界。 编者 2020 年 5 月12UNIT 12Unit1Getting StartedNo pleasure has any savour for me without communication. Michel de Montaigne Achieving Effective CommunicationLook at the following means o
16、f communication, arrange them in the order according to the time they were first put into use and then say something about one of them.telephone, Internet, smoke signal, fax,Morse code, carrier pigeon, wireless radio, mobile phone 34UNIT 1READING AOn 5 October 1906, after a musical performance by hi
17、s daughter, Mark Twain1 addressed the audience on the subject of stage fright. Read the text and find out what Mark Twain said about his first public speech.? 4UNIT 1My heart goes out in sympathy to anyone who is making his first appearance before an audience of human beings. By a direct process of
18、memory I go back forty years, less one month for Im older than I look.I recall the occasion of my first appearance. San Francisco knew me then only as a reporter, and I was to make my bow to San Francisco as a lecturer. I knew that nothing short of compulsion would get me to the theater. So I bound
19、myself by a hard-and-fast contract so that I could not escape. I got to the theater 520251015forty-five minutes before the hour set for the lecture. My knees were shaking so that I didnt know whether I could stand up. If there is an awful, horrible disease in the world, it is stage fright and seasic
20、kness. They are a pair. I had stage fright then for the first and last time. I was only seasick once, too. It was on a little ship on which there were two hundred other passengers. I was sick. I was so sick that there wasnt any left for those other two hundred passengers.It was dark and lonely behin
21、d the scenes in that theater, and I peeked HOW I CONQUERED STAGE FRIGHT5Achieving Effective Communication 4035455055through the little peek holes they have in theater curtains and looked into the big auditorium. That was dark and empty, too. By and by it lighted up, and the audience began to arrive.
22、I had got a number of friends of mine, stalwart men, to sprinkle themselves through the audience armed with big clubs. Every time I said anything they could possibly guess I intended to be funny, they were to pound those clubs on the floor. Then there was a kind lady in a box up there, also a good f
23、riend of mine, the wife of the governor. She was to watch me intently, and whenever I glanced toward her she was going to deliver a gubernatorial laugh that would lead the whole audience into applause.At last I began. I had the manuscript tucked under a United States flag in front of me where I coul
24、d get at it in case of need. But I managed to get started without it. I walked up and down I was young in those days and needed the exercise and talked and talked.Right in the middle of the speech I had placed a gem. I had put in a moving, pathetic part which was to get at the hearts and souls of my
25、 hearers. When I delivered it, they did just what I hoped and expected. They sat silent and awed. I had touched them. Then I happened to glance up at the box where the governors wife was you know what happened.Well, after the first agonizing five minutes, my stage fright left me, never to return. I
26、know if I was going to be hanged I could get up and make a good showing, and I intend to. But I shall never forget my feelings before the agony left me, and I got up here to thank you for her for helping my daughter, by your kindness, to live through her first appearance. And I want to thank you for
27、 your appreciation of her singing, which is, by the way, hereditary.65707560530Personal TouchHave you ever experienced stage fright? Describe the event and how you dealt with the situation. Note1. Mark Twain (pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 18351910), was an American writer, publisher and lect
28、urer. He was praised as “the greatest humorist his country has ever produced.” In addition to being a great novelist, Mark Twain was one of the most celebrated public speakers of his day.Achieving Effective Communication 6UNIT 1I. Fill in the blanks to complete the outline of the speech.II. Answer t
29、he questions.1.WhatdoesMarkTwainsdescriptionoftheauditoriumsuggest?2.Whataretheliteralandcontextualmeaningsoftheword“gem”(line55)?3.WhatdoesMarkTwainmeanby“AndIwanttothankyouforyourappreciationofhersinging,whichis,bytheway,hereditary”(lines7275)?4.AtwhatpointdidMarkTwainknowhehadcapturedtheaudiences
30、attention?5.AccordingtoMarkTwainsdescriptionofhisstagefrightexperience,whichpartsofthespeecharethemostdifficultmoments?Howdoyouknow?Mark Twain expresses his sympathy for those who make their first appearance before an audience.Mark Twain thanks the audience for helping his daughter proceed with her
31、performance. IntroductionBodyClosing remarksMark Twain tells a story about his first public speech. In order to 1 _, he bound himself by a contract; 2 _; 3 _; 4 _.Digging InHe makes a joke about his age. “By a direct process of memory I go back forty years, less one month for Im older than I look.”
32、(line 4)ComprehensionIII. Mark Twain is well known for his sense of humour. Fill in the bubbles with details that show his humour in the speech. 7Achieving Effective Communication Vocabulary Focusbind bow (be) armed with in case of managerecall set intend live through nothing short of by and by ligh
33、t up convey an idea catch ones attention original idea well-organised structure educational background deliver a speechbuild trust in a natural way eye contact cover any occasion communication skill engage the audienceI. Key Vocabulary Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words
34、 and expressions to complete the passage. Note that there are two options more than you need. Mark Twain experienced stage fright when he worked as a reporter in San Francisco. He 1 _ that delivering a speech was so horrible for him at that time that he had to 2 _ himself by a contract. On the day h
35、e made the speech, he got to the theatre forty-five minutes before the hour 3 _ for the lecture. He peeked through the holes in the theatre curtains. His knees were shaking while he was to make his 4 _ to the audience. He had got a number of friends 5 _ big clubs to lead the applause. He had the man
36、uscript hidden under a flag in front of him where he could get at it 6 _ need, although he 7 _ to get started without it. In the middle of the speech, he delivered a moving part 8 _ to touch the audience, and they did what he had expected. 9 _, his stage fright left him. Fortunately, Mark Twain 10 _
37、 his first public speaking.7Achieving Effective Communication II. Topic-Related Expressions Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given expressions to complete the passage. Note that there are two options more than you need. Stephen E. Lucas says that the purpose of public speaking is
38、 not to self-promote, but to change someones assumption, which explains why in his book The Art of Speaking he doesnt merely talk about the importance of original ideas and a 1 _ to a successful speech, but also mentions effective 2 _. They are equally important in making an engaging speech.“3 _ is
39、not an entertaining activity,” Lucas said. “Rather than giving performances, the speaker is expected to 4 _ to the audience.” This is why 8UNIT 1Grammar in UseComplex sentences (review)its important to figure out the types of people in your audience, who may be composed of individuals of different a
40、ges, genders or 5 _.As public speaking 6 _, you need to aim your speech at the audience to 7 _. For instance, if you are asked to I. Rewrite each pair of the underlined sentences to form a complex sentence. An example is given. speak to a group of young people in a special centre, you might need to
41、use simple, short sentences. Remember to talk 8 _ as if you were talking to the youngsters living in your neighbourhood. That would help the audience 9 _ in you.Its also important to involve your audience to make them feel like you are talking to them one-to-one. Speakers do this with gestures, into
42、nations, 10 _, and the like. Distinguished guests, its a great joy for me to be here.1 Its not easy standing up here and talking. This is especially true when you have people like me asking you questions. 2 But there is a reason for me to be here. Im going to share a few things with you. First, pers
43、onal experience is a good thing to draw upon. 3 Many of you have spoken from personal experiences. Your speeches are very informative. Second, your speeches need to be logically argued, too. 4 You need to be careful about the expression “There are two sides of a coin.” It is not a very strong way of
44、 arguing. When you talk about two sides of a coin, its almost like youre not prepared to tell us which one you think is right. Finally, be bold. Say whats important, and dont try to fill out the time.I applaud each of you for what youve done, and I wish you all the best.9Achieving Effective Communic
45、ation Grammar HighlightsA complex sentence is one in which one or more subordinate clauses are embedded. Subordinate clauses are often introduced by a subordinator (or subordinating conjunction). For example: My heart goes out in sympathy to anyone who is making his first appearance before an audien
46、ce of human beings. (relative clause) I was so sick that there wasnt any left for those other two hundred passengers. (adverbial clause) They did just what I hoped and expected. (object clause)II. Complete the passage by selecting a correct clause (AG) from the box below. Computer science has allowe
47、d us to create a more accessible world that helps people with disabilities to engage with their surroundings more conveniently. Just consider _.The Seeing AI, released this week, seems like a completelylife-changing app for those _. Its a smartphone-based software _. Dave Heiner, one of the develope
48、rs, said that the Seeing AI started as a project at a recent hack contest, _. “They realised they can put those things together and finally try to give vision to the people who are weak in sight. The Seeing AI allows you to hold your phone up to a person and can tell you what that person looks like,
49、 what his or her age is, the colour of his or her hair, _,” said Heiner. The Seeing AI can read documents and recognise speech and images with very low error rates, _. Cameron Roles, _, is excited about the new apps to help vision-impaired people lead rich, full lives. “In my view, now is definitely
50、 the most exciting time in human history to be blind,” said Roles. 1 Its not easy standing up here and talking, especially when you have people like me asking you questions. 2 _ 3 _ 4 _ A. who are vision-impaired B. that can even be used to read out a childs homework questionsC. how a new technology
