1、List of monarchs of Korea 1List of monarchs of KoreaEmperor of KoreaFormer Monarchy Imperial Imperial Seal of the Empire of KoreaSunjong, the last Emperor of Korea First monarch Dangun (disputed)Last monarch Sunjong (as emperor)Style His Imperial and Royal MajestyOfficial residence Changdeokgung, So
2、uth KoreaMonarchy started 2333 B.C. Monarchy ended August 29, 1910 Current pretender DisputedYi WonYi Haew nThe Korean dynasties are listed in the order of their fall.This list includes the monarchs Romanized posthumous or temple names and reign dates. Names are romanizedaccording to the South Korea
3、n Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune-Reischauer romanizations may be foundat the articles about the individual monarchs.List of monarchs of Korea 2GojoseonGojoseon (c.2333 - 108 BCE) was the first Korean kingdom. It is said to have been founded by Dangun in 2333BCE, although the foundation year
4、is disputed among historians.1 Bronze age archaeological evidence of Gojoseonculture is found in northern Korea and southern Manchuria. By the 4th century BCE, various historical andarchaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.# Name Period of reignWeste
5、rnized Hangul/Hanja1 Dangun Wanggeom 2333-? BCE? King Bu ?-? BCE? King Jun ?-194 BCENotes: 1 Gija (r. 1126 -1082 BCE): Whether Gija Joseon actually existed is a matter of controversy. Korean scholars denyits existence for various reasons.Wiman Joseon# Name Period of reignWesternized Hangul/Hanja1 Wi
6、 Man 194-? BCE2 Unknown(Son of WiMan)Unknown ?-?3 King Ugeo ?-108 BCEBuyeoBuyeo (2nd century BC - 494 CE) ruled in modern-day Manchuria. The rulers continued to use the titles ofDangun.2 Some records refer to Bukbuyeo (North Buyeo) and Dongbuyeo (East Buyeo). It was absorbed intoGoguryeo.Eastern Buy
7、eo(c.86 BCE 22 CE) The rulers of Dongbuyeo submitted to Bukbuyeo in 86 BC, and thus used the title Wang(“King“).List of monarchs of Korea 3# Name Period of reignWesternized Hangul/Hanja1 Hae Buru 86-48 BCE2 Geumwa 48-7 BCE3 Daeso 7 BCE-22 CEGalsa Buyeo# Name Period of reignWesternized Hangul/Hanja1
8、King ofGalsa21 CE-? Dodu ?-68 CELater BuyeoName Period of reignWesternized Hangul/HanjaWigutae ?-?, 2nd centuryGanwigeo ?-?, 3rd centuryMaryeo ?-?, 3rd centuryUiryeo ?-285 CEUira 286 CE-?Hyeon ?-346 CEYeoul ?-384 CEJan ?-494 CEList of monarchs of Korea 4GoguryeoGoguryeo (37 BC - 668 CE) was one of t
9、he Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo rulers may have used the title ofTaewang ( , “Greatest King“). 1# Posthumousname2Hangul (Hanja) Personal names 34 Period ofreignLegendary line 51 Dongmyeong ( ), ( ) Jumong (currency1), Chumo (“),Sanghae ( )37-19 BCE2 Yuri currency1 ( ), currency1 ( ) Yuri curren
10、cy1 (, fifl), Yuryu ( ), Nuri“currency1 (fl)19 BCE - 18CE3 Daemusin ( ), ( ) Muhyul () 18-444 Minjung fifl ( ) Saekju (”) 44-485 Mobon ( ) U (), Aeru ( ), Mangnae ( )48-53Gungnae line6 Taejo ( ), ( ) Gung (), Eosu () 53-1467 Chadae ” ( ) Suseong () 146-1658 Sindae ( ) Baekgo (), Baekgu ( ) 165-1799
11、Gogukcheon ( ), ( ) Nammu () 179-19710 Sansang Jeong-u , Wigung 197-22711 Dongcheon , Uwigeo , Gyoche 227-24812 Jungcheon fl , Yeonbul 248-27013 Seocheon , Yangno , Yagu 270-29214 Bongsang , Sangbu , Sapsiru 292-30015 Micheon , Eulbul , Ubul 300-33116 Gogugwon Sayu , Yu , Soe 331-37117 Sosurim Gubu
12、371-38418 Gogugyang Yiryeon , Eojiji 384-39119 Gwanggaeto theGreat Damdeok , An 391-413Pyongyang line20 Jangsu 壽 Georyeon 巨 , Goryeon 高璉 413-49021 Munjamyeong 文咨 Na-un 雲, Go-un 高雲 491-51922 Anjang 藏 Heung-an 興 , Go-an 高 519-53123 Anwon Bojeong 寶 , Gojeong 高 531-54524 Yangwon 陽 , 陽崗 Pyeongseong 545-5
13、5925 Pyeongwon Yangseong 陽, Tang 湯, Goyang 高陽559-59026 Yeongyang 嬰陽 , 陽 Go Won 高元, Daewon 元 590-61827 Yeongnyu 榮 Go Geonmu 高建, Seong , Gomu 高618-642List of monarchs of Korea 528 Bojang 寶藏 Go Jang 高藏, Bojang 寶藏 642-668Notes: 1 Some of Goguryeos own records of individual kings, especially of the 19th
14、(Gwanggaeto), use the title “Taewang“ or “Hotaewang“,roughly meaning Greatest King or Very Greatest King. Some argue that the title should be translated as “Emperor,“ equivalent of the Chinese title皇帝, but this is not widely accepted. The most complete and oldest existing Korean history text, the Sa
15、mguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa, writtencenturies after Goguryeo was defeated, uses the title “Wang“, meaning King.2 The king names generally derive from the location of the kings burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of 諡號.3 Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the
16、 second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of thekings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the samename, or evidence of a power struggle. 4 The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa
17、, and sometimes other records mention “other names,“ “birth names,“ “childhood names,“ or “personalnames.“5 The Legendary line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu (History of the Wei dynasty) gives the following names: currency1Jumong, 閭達 Yeodal, 始閭諧 Shiryeohae, 如栗 Yeoyul, and Mang
18、nae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variantsin the early 5th century when king Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the Northern Wei. The inscription ofthat monument gives these names: “ Chumo, 儒 Yuryu, and Daejuryu. The connections between thos
19、e names are not clear.Sources: http:/ / kdaq. empas. com/ koreandb/ history/ koreanking/ html/ person/ koguryeo_king. html (The Academy ofKorean Studies) and http:/ / enc. daum. net/ dic100/ / topView. do (Korea Britannica Corp.)BaekjeBaekje (18 BC - AD 660) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. T
20、emple names were the same as personalnames, unless noted otherwise.# TemplenameHangul Hanja Period ofreignPersonal name Relationship Note1 Onjo 溫祚 18 BCE -29 CEfounder son of Dongmyeongseong ofGoguryeo2 Daru 多 29 - 77 first son of Onjo3 Giru 己 77 - 128 first son of Daru4 Gaeru 蓋 128 - 166 son of Gir
21、u5 Chogo 肖古 166 - 214 son of Gaeru also Sogo ( , 古 )6 Gusu 首 214 - 234 first son of Chogo also Guisu ( , 貴須 )7 Saban 沙泮 234 first son of Gusu also Sai ( , 沙 )8 Goi 古爾 234 - 286 second son of Gaeru also Gui ( , 久爾 )9 Chaekgye 責稽 286 - 298 son of Goi also Cheonggye ( , 靑稽 )10 Bunseo 汾 298 - 304 first
22、son ofChaekgye11 Biryu 比流 304 - 344 second son of Gusu12 Gye 契 344 - 346 first son of Bunseo13 Geunchogo 近肖古 346 - 375 second son of Biryu also Chogo ( , 肖古 ) orSokgo ( , 速古 )14 Geun-gusu 近 首 375 - 384 son of Geunchogo also Guisu ( , 貴首 )List of monarchs of Korea 615 Chimnyu 枕流 384 - 385 first son o
23、fGeungusu16 Jinsa 辰 385 - 392 younger brother ofChimnyualso Buyeohui ( , 扶暉)17 Asin 阿莘 392 - 405 cousin of Jinsa; firstson of Chimnyualso Aha ( , 阿華 )18 Jeonji 腆 405 - 420 first son of Asin also Jikji ( , 直 ) or Jinji( , 眞 )19 Gu-isin 久爾辛 420 - 427 first son of Jeonji20 Biyu 毗有 427 - 454 first son o
24、f Guisin also Yeobi ( , 毗)21 Gaero 蓋鹵 454 - 475 Gyeongsa ( , 慶司) orGyeong ( , 慶)first son of Biyu also Yeogyeong ( , 慶)22 Munju 文周 475 - 477 Modo ( , “ ) or Do( , )son of Gaero23 Samgeun 三斤 477 - 479 Samgeun ( , 三斤),Imgeol ( , 壬乞) orSamgeol ( , 三乞)first son of Munju also Mun-geun ( , 文斤 )24 Dongseon
25、g 城 479 - 501 Modae ( , “) orMamo ( , 摩“)cousin of Samgeum25 Muryeong 寧 501 - 523 Sama ( , or 摩)or Yung (, 隆)second son ofDongseongalso Sama ( , ), Do( , 嶋 ), or Horyeong ( ,虎寧 )26 Seong 523 - 554 Myeong ( , ) son of Muryeong also Myeong ( , ) orSeongmyeong ( , )27 Wideok 威 554 - 598 Chang (, 昌) fir
26、st son of Seong also Chang ( , 昌 )28 Hye 惠 598 - 599 Gye ( , 季) younger brother ofWideokalso Heon ( , 獻 )29 Beop 法 599 - 600 Seon (, 宣) or Hyosun(, 孝順)first son of Hye30 Mu 600 - 641 personal name Jang ( , 璋)or Seodong ( , 薯童)youngest son ofWideokalso Mugang ( , 康 ) orMugwang ( , )31 Uija 義慈 641 - 6
27、60 first son of Mu*Source: 3SillaSilla (57 BC - 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak,Seok, and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, and Daewang. Like someBaekje kings, some declared themselves emperor
28、.1. Hyeokgeose Geoseogan 朴赫 世 干 (57 BCE 4 CE)2. Namhae Chachaung ” 南 雄 (4 24)3. Yuri Yisageum (24 57) currency1 儒理尼師今 (Kings Yuri to Heurhae bore the Korean title Isageum, an oldword for “ruler“)4. Talhae Isageum 脫 尼師今 (57 80)5. Pasa Isageum 婆娑尼師今 (80 112)6. Jima Isageum 祗摩尼師今 (112 134)List of monar
29、chs of Korea 77. Ilseong Isageum 逸尼師今 (134 154)8. Adalla Isageum 阿達 尼師今 (154 184)9. Beolhyu Isageum 伐休尼師今 (184 196)10. Naehae Isageum 奈 尼師今 (196 230)11. Jobun Isageum 助賁尼師今 (230 247)12. Cheomhae Isageum 沾 尼師今 (247 261)13. Michu Isageum 味尼師今 (262 284)14. Yurye Isageum 儒禮尼師今 (284 298)15. Girim Isageum
30、 基臨尼師今 (298 310)16. Heulhae Isageum 訖 尼師今 (310 356)17. Naemul Maripgan 奈勿 立干 (356 402) (Kings Naemul to Soji bore the Korean title Maripgan,an old word for “ruler“)18. Silseong Maripgan 實 立干 (402 417)19. Nulji Maripgan 訥祗 立干 (417 458)20. Jabi Maripgan 慈悲 立干 (458 479)21. Soji Maripgan 炤智 立干 (479 500)
31、22. King Jijeung 智證 (500 514) (Kings Jijeung to Gyeongsun bore the title Wang (the modern Koreanword for “king“), with the exceptions noted below)23. King Beopheung the Great 法興 (514 540) (“King Beopheung the Great“ is a translation ofBeopheung Taewang, “Taewang“ meaning “great king“)24. King Jinheu
32、ng the Great 眞興 (540 576) (“King Jinheung the Great“ is a translation ofJinheung Taewang, “Taewang“ meaning “great king“)25. King Jinji 眞智 (576 579)26. King Jinpyeong 眞 (579 632)27. Queen Seondeok (632 647)28. Queen Jindeok 眞 (647 654)29. King Muyeol the Great (654 661) (“King Muyeol the Great“ is a
33、 translation ofMuyeol Daewang, “Daewang“ meaning “great king“)Unified Silla1. King Munmu 文 (661 681)2. King Sinmun 文 (681 691)3. King Hyoso 孝 (692 702)4. King Seongdeok the Great (702 737) (“King Seongdeok the Great“ is a translation ofSeongdeok Daewang, “Daewang“ meaning “great king“)5. King Hyoseo
34、ng 孝 (737 742)6. King Gyeongdeok (742 765)7. King Hyegong 惠 (765 780)8. King Seondeok 宣 (780 785)9. King Wonseong 元 (785 798)10. King Soseong (798 800)11. King Aejang (800 809)12. King Heondeok (809-826)13. King Heungdeok 興 (826 836)14. King Huigang 康 (836 838)15. King Minae fi (838 839)16. King Sin
35、mu (839)List of monarchs of Korea 817. King Munseong 文 (839 857)18. King Heonan (857 861)19. King Gyeongmun 文 (861 875)20. King Heongang 康 (875 886)21. King Jeonggang 康 (886 887)22. Queen Jinseong 眞 (887 897)23. King Hyogong 孝 (897 912)24. King Sindeok (913 917)25. King Gyeongmyeong (917 924)26. Kin
36、g Gyeongae (924 927)27. King Gyeongsun 順 (927 935)Gaya confederacyThe Gaya confederacy (42-562) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang (“King“).Geumgwan GayaGeumgwan Gaya (42-532) was one of the Gaya confederacy.# Temple Name Period of reign4Westernized Hangul/H
37、anja1 Suro of Geumgwan Gaya 首 42-1992 Geodeung of Geumgwan Gaya 199-2593 Mapum of Geumgwan Gaya 259-2914 Geojilmi of Geumgwan Gaya 291-3465 Isipum of Geumgwan Gaya 346-4076 Jwaji of Geumgwan Gaya 407-4217 Chwihui of Geumgwan Gaya 421-4518 Jilji of Geumgwan Gaya 451-4929 Gyeomji of Geumgwan Gaya 492-
38、52110 Guhyeong of Geumgwan Gaya 521-532List of monarchs of Korea 9DaegayaDaegaya (42-562) was one of the Gaya confederacy.# Name Period of reignWesternized Hangul/Hanja 1 Ijinasi of Daegaya 阿 42 CE-?3 or 4 Geumnim of Daegaya ?-?Unknown Haji of Daegaya ?-?6 or 7 Gasil of Daegaya or 實 ?-?9 Inoe of Dae
39、gaya ?-?10 or 16 Crown Prince WolgwangorDoseolji of Daegaya ( )or (智 )?-562BalhaeBalhae (698 926) was an ancient Korean kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. Balhae occupied southernparts of Manchuria (Northeast China) and Primorsky Krai, and the northern part of the Korean peninsula.# Per
40、sonal name Period of reign Era name (號) Posthumous name (諡號)Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja1 Dae Joyeong 祚榮698 719 None None Go 高 2 Dae Muye 719 737 Inan currency1 Mu 3 Dae Heummu “737 793 DaeheungBoryeok (興) (寶)Mun 文 4 Dae Won-ui 元義793 794 None None None N
41、one5 Dae Hwa-yeo 華794 Jungheung fl興Seong 6 Dae Sung-rin fi794 808 Jeongryeok flGang 康 7 Dae Won-yu 元 808 812 Yeongdeok Jeong List of monarchs of Korea 108 Dae Eon-ui 義812 817? Jujak Hui 9 Dae Myeongchung 817? 818? Taesi 始Gan 10 Dae Insu currency1 818? 830 Geonheung 建興Seon 宣 11 Dae Ijin 830 857 Hamhw
42、a Unknown Unknown12 Dae Geonhwang ”857 871 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown13 Dae Hyeonseok 871 895 Unknown Unknown Gyeong 14 Dae Wihae 895 906 None None None None15 Dae Inseon 906 926 Unknown Unknown None NoneLater BaekjeHubaekje (900-936) was founded by Gyeon Hwon, who was a general during Later Si
43、llas period of decline. Thusbegan the Later Three Kingdoms period. Hubaekje met its downfall at the hands of Gyeon Hwon himself, who laterled the Goryeo armies alongside Emperor Taejo of Goryeo to capture Singeom, the prince of Hubaekje, who hadbetrayed Gyeon Hwon.# Personal name Period of reignWest
44、ernized Hangul/Hanja1 Gyeon Hwon 900-9352 Singeom 935-936Later GoguryeoLater Goguryeo (901-918), also known as Ma-jin or Taebong, was established by Gung-ye, an outcast prince ofSilla. Gung-Ye joined General Yang-Gils rebellion, and rose through the ranks. He eventually assassinated Yang-Giland established a new kingdom, naming it Later Goguryeo. Gung-Ye turned out to be a tyrant, and was overthrownby his generals, opening the way for General Wang Geon, who established Goryeo.
