1、密云区2014高考英语阅读理解系列训练（28）及答案Passage *Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial valueThe concept dates back to 1623,when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passedIP rights protect an artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by anotherFor example, if some
2、body generates an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rightsIf someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its useBack in the 17th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to
3、protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing, but today, intellectual property rights, are also enjoyed by those who create music, art and literatureIn recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them
4、 altogether: the InternetMany years ago, if you wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, from a book storeIn those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for itHowever, a lot
5、of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the InternetThis practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights68According to the writer, in the beginning, IP rights were mainly of use to _ _Athose c
6、reating music, art and literature BnovelistsCengineers and inventors Dthose not receiving financial reward for their work69What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?AIt makes IP rights harder to protect BIt sells songs and filmsCIt does not affect the way we understand IP rights DI
7、t prevents the production of artwork70According to Paragraph 2, what has “taken the world by storm”?AIntellectual property rights BThe InternetCFree downloading DThe large number of songs, films and books71A possible title for this passage could be _ _AA History of IP Rights BWays to Protect Your IP
8、 RightsCThe Present and the Future of IP DIP Rights and Our Attitudes4. 答案 68.C 69.A 70.C 71.D*结束Passage *“Old wives tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another, For example, most of us remember our patents telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is the
9、re any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease calle
10、d macular degeneration Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic（蒜）is good for you, too。It can kill the type of virus that causes colds. Unfortunately, not all of Moms advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children
11、 have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars. Even though science can tell us
12、 that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales, After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated （积累） from thousands of our traditional beliefs dont hold water should respect this body of knowledge even as research for clear scientif
13、ic support to proven it true or false 48. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？ Zxxk A, Eating garlic is good for our eyes B, Sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth 学科 C, Swimming after a meal is dangerous。 D, Carrots prevent people from catching colds 49.The author develops the thi
14、rd paragraph mainly-。 Z*xx*k A. by cause and effects B. by order in space C. by order in time D. by examples 50.The phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means“ ” A. to be believable B. to be valuable C. to be admirable D. to be stable 51 What is the authors attitude toward “old wi
15、ves tales” in the text? A. So objective B. Objective C. Dissatisfied D. Curious 2. 答案 48.B 49.D 50.A 51.B*结束There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites (陨星) have had important effects on Earth, particularly in the field of biological evolution. Such impacts continue to pose a natural
16、 hazard to life on Earth. If an impact is large enough, it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and cause an ecological catastrophe. The best-documented such impact took place 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period (白垩纪期) of geological history. This break in Earths histo
17、ry is marked by a mass extinction, when as many as half the species on the planet became extinct. While there are a dozen or more mass extinctions in the geological record, the Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists (古生物学者) because it marks the end of the age of the dinosaur
18、s. For tens of millions of years, those great creatures had flourished. Then, suddenly, they disappeared. The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period was a meteorite with a mass of more than a trillion tons and a diameter of at least 10 kilometers. Scientists first identified th
19、is impact in 1980 from the worldwide layer of sediment (沉积物) deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact. This sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iridium (铱) and other elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite but very rare in the crust (地壳) of Earth
20、. Even diluted (稀释) by the terrestrial (地球的) material excavated (挖掘) from the crater, this component of meteorites is easily identified. By 1990 geologists had located the impact site itself in the Yucat region of Mexico. The crater, now deeply buried in sediment, was originally about 200 kilometers
21、 in diameter. This impact released an enormous amount of energy, excavating a crater about twice as large as the lunar crater Tycho. The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons of dust into the atmosphere. Such a quantity of material would have blocked the sunlight completely from reaching the surf
22、ace, plunging Earth into a period of cold and darkness that lasted at least several months. The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid (硝酸) and melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth, starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial fo
23、rests and grassland. Presumably, those environmental disasters could have been responsible for the mass extinction, including the death of the dinosaurs.Several other mass extinctions in the geological record have been tentatively identified with large impacts, but none is so dramatic as the Cretace
24、ous event. But even without such specific documentation, it is clear that impacts of this size do occur and that their results can be catastrophic. What is a catastrophe for one group of living things, however, may create opportunities for another group. Following each mass extinction, there is a su
25、dden evolutionary burst as new species develop to fill the ecological niches opened by the event.Impacts by meteorites represent one way that could cause global catastrophes and seriously influence the evolution of life all over the planet. According to some estimates, the majority of all extinction
26、s of species may be due to such impacts. Such a perspective fundamentally changes our view of biological evolution. The standard criterion for the survival of a species is its success in competing with other species and adapting to slowly changing environments. Yet an equally important criterion is
27、the ability of a species to survive random global ecological catastrophes due to impacts. 5. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs had flourished for tens of millions of years and then suddenly disappeared?A. To support the claim that the mass extinction at the e
28、nd of the Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen or so mass extinctions in the geological record.B. To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are believed to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous.C. To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued
29、 by the mass extinction at the end of the CretaceousD. To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the environment of the entire planet and cause an ecological disaster.6. According to paragraph 3, how did scientists determine that a large meteorite had impacted Earth?A. They d
30、iscovered a large crater in the Yucat region of Mexico.B. They found a unique layer of sediment worldwide.C. They were alerted by archaeologists who had been excavating in the Yucat region.D. They located a meteorite with a mass of over a trillion tons.7. According to paragraph 4, all of the followi
31、ng statements are true of the impact at the end of the Cretaceous period EXCEPT: 学,科,网Z,X,X,KA. A large amount of dust blocked sunlight from Earth.B. Earth became cold and dark for several months. 学|科| C. New elements were formed in Earths crust.D. Large quantities of nitric acid were produced.8. Th
32、e phrase tentatively identified in the passage is closest in the meaning to _.A. identified without certaintyB. identified after careful studyC. occasionally identifiedD. easily identified9. Paragraph 6 supports which of the following statements about the factors that are essential for the survival
33、of a species?A. The most important factor for the survival of a species is its ability to compete and adapt to gradual changes in its environment.B. The ability of a species to compete and adapt to a gradually changing environment is not the only ability that is essential for survival.C. Since most
34、extinctions of species are due to major meteorite impacts, the ability to survive such impacts is the most important factor for the survival of a species.D. The factors that are most important for the survival of a species vary significantly from one species to another.参考答案 5-9 CBCAB 学&科&网Z&X&X&K*结束
35、 Zxxk （201*湖北卷） Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf nark. An animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling was an important means of communication each other. There are different explants of a wolfs howl and it appears that there may be more to discover. One theory is th
36、at wolves howl to bend better together. Its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together . But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harington, a professor who studies
37、wolf behavior. Indeed, there have been tines when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a exhorts, and the next, quarreling anions each other. It appears that usually the lowest-tanking menthes of the pack may actually be “punished” for Joining in the churs at times. So is howling a way to str
38、cagthen a social boad or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? Why do welves howl for sure?What is cleat, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that woloves may separate from one another at times. When this
39、 happens, howling appcars to be an ercellent means of gathering. Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occat in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sotr of “roll rall”where wolves all howl togeter
40、to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occar in the morning, as if wolves were doing w some sotr of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to repotr their pteence.55.What the por similarity between wolves how humaes ting in chorus?A.The act of calling each other.B.the sens
41、e of accomplishment. Zxxk C.The act of hunting for something.D.The sense of belonging to a group.56.Why does Harrington think the“secial boad”theory may be wrong?A.Wolves separate from each other after howling.B.Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.C.Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howl
42、ing together.D.Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus. 学科 57.Reseatchers are sure that wolves often howl to_.A.show their ranks B.C.repotr the missing onesD.express their lonelingess58.“Howling is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_.A.howling is a signal for hunting
43、B.howling is a way of communicationC.howling aften occurs in the morningD.howling spreads from one to another【答案】DCBD*结束 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C， D ）中，选出最佳选项。A ZXXKRecent studies suggest that family arrangements in Western societies have not changed as much in the last few centuries as is generally
44、believed. Yet most sociologists agree that in modern societies, there are fewer opportunities for friendship and support from relatives. Parents and children often live apart from other relatives, and seldom visit them. Also, the family moves when a parent accepts a job in another place or when it d
45、ecides to live in a better neighbourhood. Together, loneliness and mobility (迁移) force immediate family members to depend heavily on one another for affection and companionship. Because the family is one of the few ongoing sources of affection and companionship in modern societies, a high percentage
46、 of people continue to marry, even though it is possible for a single man and woman to live together without marrying. On the other hand, because affection and companionship have become so important, families are more likely to break up if the husbands or wifes emotional (情感的) needs are not met within the family circleeven if all other family functions (功能) are being satisfactorily performed, and in this sense, affection
