1、离体小麦植株的快速再生Abstract：Tissue culture is a commonly used technique to study plant development and regeneration. In the present study, we developed an efficient protocol for the rapid regeneration of wheat plantlets from mature axillary buds. The plantlets were grown on a nutrient medium containing horm
2、ones and sugar. The regenerated plantlets were healthy, vigorous and had a high survival rate. The protocol could be used to rapidly regenerate plantlets for further experimental studies.Introduction：Wheat is an important crop worldwide, and it is necessary to develop efficient methods for wheat reg
3、eneration. To this end, tissue culture techniques have been widely used to study plant development and regeneration. In this study, we aimed to develop an efficient protocol for the rapid regeneration of wheat plantlets from mature axillary buds.Materials and Methods：Mature axillary buds were obtain
4、ed from wheat plants and were sterilized using ethanol and bleach. The sterilized buds were then cultured on a nutrient medium containing 0.2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.05 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 3% (w/v) sucrose. The cultures were maintained under a light intensity of 2000 Lu
5、x, with a 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod, and a temperature of 25 2C.Results：After 15 days of culture, the buds started to grow and produced small green shoots. The shoots were then transferred to a fresh nutrient medium containing 0.1 mg/L BAP, 0.05 mg/L NAA, and 3% sucrose for further growth. The
6、 new growths were healthy, vigorous and had a high survival rate.After 25 days of culture, the shoots had grown into plantlets with well-developed roots. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to a soil mix and grown in the greenhouse. These plantlets were healthy and showed normal growth and de
7、velopment.Discussion： In this study, we developed an efficient protocol for the rapid regeneration of wheat plantlets from mature axillary buds. The protocol used a combination of hormones and sugar on a nutrient medium to stimulate the growth of the axillary buds, resulting in the production of hea
8、lthy, vigorous plantlets. This protocol could have significant implications for future research on wheat development and regeneration.Conclusion：In conclusion, we have developed an efficient and reproducible protocol for the rapid regeneration of wheat plantlets from mature axillary buds. The regene
9、rated plantlets were healthy, vigorous and had a high survival rate, making the protocol an attractive tool to study wheat regeneration and development.The development of an efficient protocol for wheat regeneration has important implications for crop improvement and breeding. It can lead to the pro
10、duction of new cultivars with improved agronomic traits such as yield, disease resistance and tolerance to abiotic stress. Furthermore, tissue culture techniques can be used to produce large numbers of genetically identical plants, which can facilitate the production of transgenic plants via gene tr
11、ansformation.The protocol described in this study used mature axillary buds as explants, which have been reported to have a high regeneration potential compared to other explants such as immature embryos or callus tissue. The combination of BAP and NAA hormones in the nutrient medium played a crucia
12、l role in the induction of shoot formation, while the presence of sucrose provided the necessary energy source for plant growth.Future studies could build on this protocol by optimizing the hormone concentrations and exploring alternative nutrient media compositions to further improve regeneration e
13、fficiency. Additionally, the use of molecular markers could be employed to study the genetic stability of the regenerated plantlets.Overall, the development of an efficient protocol for the rapid regeneration of wheat plantlets from mature axillary buds provides a valuable tool in wheat research and
14、 breeding. It has the potential to accelerate the development of new wheat cultivars with improved traits for sustainable agriculture.In addition to crop improvement and breeding applications, the protocol for wheat regeneration could also be applied in basic research. Researchers could use the prot
15、ocol to investigate the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying plant regeneration, as well as the factors that affect regeneration efficiency.Furthermore, the regeneration of wheat plantlets can also be used in biotechnology applications such as the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and
16、food additives. Wheat is one of the major crops used in the production of ethanol, and an efficient regeneration protocol could lead to the development of improved biofuel production systems. Additionally, wheat contains a variety of bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutica
17、l applications, and the use of tissue culture techniques could facilitate their production.The regeneration of wheat plantlets could also be used in conservation biology to preserve germplasm resources. Wheat is a valuable genetic resource, and tissue culture techniques can be used to preserve and p
18、ropagate rare or endangered varieties.In conclusion, the development of an efficient protocol for wheat regeneration has important implications for crop improvement, biotechnology, and conservation biology. The protocol described in this study provides a valuable tool in wheat research and breeding,
19、 and its potential applications are wide-ranging. Further research is needed to optimize the protocol and explore its potential uses in various fields.Another potential application of the protocol for wheat regeneration is in the production of transgenic plants. Transgenic wheat plants can be develo
20、ped through genetic engineering techniques, which involve inserting foreign genes into the plants genome. However, the regeneration of wheat plants from transformed cells has proven to be challenging, and an efficient regeneration protocol could facilitate the generation of transgenic wheat plants w
21、ith desirable traits.Moreover, the protocol for wheat regeneration could also be used to study and improve the efficiency of gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9. Gene editing allows for the precise modification of specific genes in the plants genome, and an efficient regeneration protocol co
22、uld facilitate the rapid testing and validation of gene editing targets and strategies.In addition, the protocol for wheat regeneration could be used to study the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, light, and nutrient availability on plant growth and development. Understanding the
23、 factors that affect plant growth and development is critical for improving crop yields and developing sustainable agricultural practices.Finally, the development of an efficient protocol for wheat regeneration has important implications for global food security. Wheat is one of the most important s
24、taple crops worldwide, and the ability to regenerate wheat plantlets efficiently can lead to the development of new wheat varieties with improved yields, resistance to pests and diseases, and tolerance to environmental stress.Overall, the protocol for wheat regeneration described in the study has th
25、e potential to contribute to a wide range of applications in plant research, biotechnology, conservation biology, and agriculture, with important implications for food security and sustainability.The protocol for wheat regeneration can be used to study various aspects of plant development and physio
26、logy, including seed germination, shoot and root formation, flowering, and fruiting. By manipulating the growth conditions, researchers can investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these processes and identify key genes and pathways involved in wheat growth and development.Furthe
27、rmore, the protocol for wheat regeneration can be used to conserve and propagate rare and endangered wheat varieties. Wheat is a crop of significant economic and cultural importance worldwide, but many traditional landraces and wild relatives of wheat are threatened by habitat loss, climate change,
28、and genetic erosion. Regeneration of these wheat varieties can help to maintain their genetic diversity and adaptability, which is crucial for breeding new wheat varieties that can withstand future challenges.Moreover, the protocol for wheat regeneration can be applied to other crops as well. Many c
29、rops share similar regeneration mechanisms and tissue culture requirements with wheat, and the optimized wheat regeneration protocol can be modified and adapted for other crops. This could lead to the efficient propagation and genetic modification of other important crops, such as maize, rice, and s
30、oybean, and contribute to their improvement and sustainability.In conclusion, the protocol for wheat regeneration holds great promise for advancing plant research, biotechnology, conservation, and agriculture. It paves the way for the development of new wheat varieties with improved yield, stress to
31、lerance, and nutritional value, as well as the conservation and propagation of rare and threatened wheat varieties. It also provides a valuable tool for studying plant growth and development, gene editing, and plant-microbe interactions, and has broad applications in crop improvement and food securi
32、ty.Another important application of the protocol for wheat regeneration is in the field of genetic engineering. The ability to regenerate whole plants from single cells or tissues makes it possible to introduce new genes or modify existing ones in a controlled and efficient manner. This has importan
33、t implications for crop improvement, as it allows researchers to introduce traits that can enhance yield, improve resistance to pests and diseases, or increase nutritional value.For example, researchers have successfully used the wheat regeneration protocol to introduce genes that confer resistance
34、to fungal diseases, such as Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew. They have also introduced genes that increase drought tolerance or improve the quality of the wheat grain, such as genes encoding for high levels of iron or zinc. These genetic modifications have the potential to increase the produ
35、ctivity and sustainability of wheat farming, which is crucial for meeting the growing global demand for food.Finally, the protocol for wheat regeneration can also be used to study plant-microbe interactions, which are fundamental to plant growth and health. By co-culturing wheat tissues with specifi
36、c microbes under controlled conditions, researchers can investigate the molecular and physiological responses of wheat to different microbial species and strains. This can help to identify beneficial microbes that can promote plant growth and disease resistance, or harmful microbes that can inhibit
37、plant growth and cause disease.In summary, the protocol for wheat regeneration is a powerful tool for advancing plant research, biotechnology, conservation, and agriculture. Its applications are diverse and far-reaching, and it has the potential to address some of the most pressing challenges facing
38、 global food security and sustainability. Through ongoing research and innovation, the protocol for wheat regeneration will continue to contribute to our understanding of plant biology and to the development of new and improved wheat varieties.In addition to the applications mentioned above, the pro
39、tocol for wheat regeneration also has potential applications in plant breeding and conservation. By regenerating a large number of plants from a single parent plant, researchers can obtain a diverse population of offspring with varying traits. These plants can then be screened for desirable traits,
40、such as high yield or disease resistance, and the plants with these traits can be selected for further breeding.Similarly, the protocol can be used to preserve rare or endangered wheat varieties. By regenerating plants from tissue samples, scientists can create a large number of individuals that are
41、 genetically identical to the parent plant. These plants can then be propagated and distributed to growers or seed banks, ensuring the preservation of the genetic material.Overall, the protocol for wheat regeneration has significant potential to improve our understanding of plant biology, enhance cr
42、op productivity and diversity, aid in the development of new cultivars and conservation of genetic resources. The protocol can be further optimized with continued research, incorporating new techniques such as genome editing, that can provide unprecedented precision in the manipulation of plant geno
43、mes.Additionally, the protocol for wheat regeneration can also contribute to studying the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on plants. With the ability to regenerate a large number of genetically identical plants, researchers can establish replicated experiments to evaluate the response of whea
44、t to stressors such as drought, salinity, or pathogens. This can aid in identifying genetic markers associated with stress tolerance and assist in selecting for these traits in breeding programs.Furthermore, the protocol can be applied to study the molecular and physiological mechanisms that underli
45、e plant regeneration. By comparing the gene expression and metabolic profiles of regenerating wheat tissue to non-regenerating tissue, scientists can gain insights into the molecular pathways involved in plant regeneration. This information can be utilized to improve the efficiency and effectiveness
46、 of regeneration protocols and enhance our understanding of plant development and growth.Finally, the protocol for wheat regeneration has the potential to be adapted for other cereal crops, such as maize, rice, and barley. As these crops are crucial to global food security, the ability to regenerate
47、 a large number of healthy plants from a single tissue sample can greatly accelerate the development of new varieties with desirable traits, as well as aid in the conservation of genetic diversity.Overall, the protocol for wheat regeneration is a powerful tool that can contribute to enhancing our kn
48、owledge of plant biology and improving the sustainability and security of our food systems.In addition to the applications discussed, wheat regeneration protocol can also be used in basic research and biotechnology applications. Using the protocol, researchers can generate transgenic wheat plants th
49、at have been genetically modified to produce proteins with beneficial traits, such as increased disease resistance or improved nutritional content. This can lead to the development of wheat varieties that are more resistant to pests and disease, as well as more nutritious, which can have a significant impact on global food security.Moreover, the protocol can be used to investigate the functional roles of specific genes in wheat. By generating wheat plants with gene knockouts o
