1、冠词冠词一一.冠词冠词类别类别形式形式用法概述用法概述不定冠词不定冠词a表示泛指表示泛指,意义同意义同one用于以辅音发音开用于以辅音发音开头的单词或字母前头的单词或字母前an用于以元音发音开用于以元音发音开头的单词或字母前头的单词或字母前定冠词定冠词the表示特指，其意义同表示特指，其意义同this/that/these/those注意注意：用用a还是用还是用an取决于单词的第一个发音，取决于单词的第一个发音，而不是字母。如而不是字母。如:an hour,a university1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法(1)表示初次提到的人或物。表示初次提到的人或物。如如:A boy is wait
2、ing for you.A thief was caught by a policeman just now.(2)表示一类人或物表示一类人或物 如：如：A horse is an animal.A knife can be used for cutting.(3)用于某些不可数名词前，表示某种具体的用于某些不可数名词前，表示某种具体的情况或事物。情况或事物。如：如：He has a wide knowledge of history.I want an ice-cream.(一份冰淇淋）一份冰淇淋）(4)用于姓氏前表示不认识的用于姓氏前表示不认识的“一个姓一个姓.的的人人/叫叫的人的人”、“
3、某家庭的成员某家庭的成员”、“像像 一样的人一样的人”或是或是“某人的作品某人的作品”。如如:A Mr.Wang(Gang)called you.His daughter married a Smith.He is a Lu Xun.(5)用于某些固定词组或短语中。用于某些固定词组或短语中。如：如：all of a sudden,in a word,in a hurry,a great deal of,at a discount,many a,at a loss,in a sense,at a distance,keep a diary,once in a while2.定冠词的用法定冠词的用
4、法(1)表示上文提到过的人或事物。表示上文提到过的人或事物。如如:I saw a boy yesterday.The boy is very tall.(2)特指双方都明白的人或物。特指双方都明白的人或物。如如:Open the door,please.Give me the book.(3)指世上独一无二的事物前或由普通名词组指世上独一无二的事物前或由普通名词组成的专有名词前。成的专有名词前。如：如：The sun is bigger than the earth.The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.The United Sta
5、tes and the United Kingdom are developed countries.注意注意：当前面有形容词修饰时，：当前面有形容词修饰时，sun,moon,earth等前也可用等前也可用a/an.如：如：a pale moon,a red sun(4)与单数可数名词连用，表示一类人或物。与单数可数名词连用，表示一类人或物。如如:The horse is a useful animal.(5)与复数可数名词连用，表示整个群体。与复数可数名词连用，表示整个群体。如：如：They are the teachers of this school.(该校全体教师）该校全体教师）比较：
6、比较：They are teachers of this school.(部部分）分）(6)用于形容词用于形容词/副词最高级、序数词前，及形副词最高级、序数词前，及形容词容词only、very、same前。前。如：如：I live on the second floor.He is the same age as you.(7)用于乐器前。用于乐器前。如如:He plays the piano very well.(8)用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇。用于用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇。用于某些形容词前，表示一类人。某些形容词前，表示一类人。如：如：The Smiths are watch
7、ing TV.The old are taken good care of.(9)用于江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉前。用于江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉前。如：如：the Yangtze River,the Pacific Ocean,the Taihang Mountains注意：注意：独山的表达方式通常用独山的表达方式通常用Mount+名字名字如：如：Mount Tai,Mount Lao(10)用于用于by后表示计量单位。后表示计量单位。如如：The waiters are paid by the hour/day.These eggs are sold by the dozen/kilo.(
8、11)代替物主代词，用于表示身体部位的名词代替物主代词，用于表示身体部位的名词前。前。如：如：He caught the man by the arm.Tom hit the thief in the face.(12)(12)用于某些固定词组或短语中。用于某些固定词组或短语中。如：如：break the ice,in the rain,on the spot,on the contrary,on the increase3.不用冠词（零冠词）的情况不用冠词（零冠词）的情况(1)在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。不用冠词。如：如：Failure
9、is the mother of success.We can not live without air.(2)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词时不用冠词。不定代词时不用冠词。如如：Pass me that book.The letter is in her bag.Come to see me any day this week.(3)复数名词指一类人或事物不用冠词。复数名词指一类人或事物不用冠词。如：如：Horses are useful animals.(4)季节、月份、星期和节日（季节、月份、星期和节日（Day)名称前名称前不用冠词。
10、不用冠词。如如:Its Sunday today.Mid-Autumn Day falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.注意：注意：the Spring Festival,the Mid-Autumn Festival(5)三餐、球类运动、棋、牌类游戏及学科名三餐、球类运动、棋、牌类游戏及学科名称前不用冠词。称前不用冠词。如如：When do you have lunch?He often plays football.Do you like playing cards/chess?(6)由介词由介词by引导的交通工具名词前不用冠词。引导
11、的交通工具名词前不用冠词。如：如：We traveled by train.(7)turn表示表示“变成变成”时，其后的名词通常不时，其后的名词通常不加冠词。加冠词。如：如：He was a farmer before he turned writer.(8)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不加冠词。特在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不加冠词。特别是表示头衔的名词作补语时。别是表示头衔的名词作补语时。如：如：We elected him chairman of the meeting.Professor Chen,may I ask you some questions?注意：注意：当表示任某一职务的人时
12、其前可以有冠词。当表示任某一职务的人时其前可以有冠词。试比较试比较:He was made president of the club.The president of France visited China last week.(9)两个相同及相对的名词并用时不加冠词。两个相同及相对的名词并用时不加冠词。如如：face to face,day and night,father and son,from door to door(10)某些固定词组或习惯用语中不用冠词。某些固定词组或习惯用语中不用冠词。如如:at dawn/daybreak/sunset,at work,take place
13、,by mistake,go to town,in danger,on foot,in short,in trouble,on earth,on sale,in time,on time,for example,in honor of,lose(ones)heart,under construction 注意：注意：(1)一人兼有双重或多重身份时，用一个冠词。一人兼有双重或多重身份时，用一个冠词。如如：The singer and poet is going to visit our school.比较：比较：The singer and the poet are going to visit
14、 our school.(2)两件东西配成一套时，通常用一个冠词。两件东西配成一套时，通常用一个冠词。如如：a knife and fork,a needle and thread,a cup and saucer，a watch and chain 5.高考真题解析高考真题解析(1)（09安徽）安徽）We can never expect_ bluer sky unless we create_ less polluted world.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;the(2)（09北京）北京）The biggest whale is _ blue whale,wh
15、ich grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building.A.the;the B.a;a C.a;the D.the;a(3).（09江西）江西）Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world.A./;the B.the;/C.an;the D.the;a(4).（09海南）海南）Lets go to_ cinema-thatll take your mind off the pr
16、oblem for _ whileA.the;the B.the;aC.a;the D.a;a(5).（09陕西）陕西）What_ pity that you couldnt be there to receive_ prize!A.a;a B.the;a C.a;the D.the;the(6).（09四川）四川）In order to find _ better job,he decided to study _ second foreign language.A.the;a B.a;a C.the;the D.a;the(7).(（09浙江）浙江）I dont understand wh
17、at the engineer means,but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A.the;a B.不填不填;the C.the;不填不填 D.a;the(8).（09重庆）重庆）Washing machines made by China have won_ worldwide attention and Haier has become _ popular name.A.a;the B./;a C./;the D.the;a(9).（09全国全国2）What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC of o
18、il painting.A.a;不填不填 B.the;不填不填 C.the;an D.a;the(10).（08 湖南卷）湖南卷）Have you heard _ news？The price of _ petrol is going up again!A.the,the B.不填，不填，the C.the,不填不填 D.不填，不填不填，不填(11).（10北京卷）北京卷）.First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you never get _second chance to make _ first impression.A.a;th
19、e B.the;the C.a;a D.the;a(12).（10福建卷福建卷）Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai world expo that gives them _pleasure.A.不填，不填，a B.a,不填不填 C.the,a D.a,the(13).（10江苏卷江苏卷）.The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiang
20、su.A.不填不填;a B.不填不填;the C.the;a D.the;the(14).(10辽宁卷辽宁卷).There are over 58,000 rocky objects in _ space,about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A.the;the B.不填不填;the C.the;不填不填 D.a;the(15).(10山东卷山东卷).If we sit near _ front of the bus,well have _ better view.A.不填；不填；the B.不填；不填；a C.the;a D.the；
21、the(16).(10四川卷四川卷).In_most countries,a university degree can give you_ flying start in life.A.the;a B.the;不填不填 C.不填不填;不填不填 D.不填不填;a(17).(10浙江卷浙江卷)Many lifestyle.patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.A.a;/B./;the C.a;the D./;/(18).（10重庆卷重庆卷）Everything comes with _price;there is no such _ thing as free lunch in the world.A.a,a B.the,/C.the,/D.a,/
