1、broken legs and a fragile head.I did not win anything at the Olympic after all.I need the factory to build me two new legs and an even bigger head.Then I will be able to compete once more .Lets hope foe greater success in the next Olympics! Unit 4(1) How Daisy learned to help wildlifeDaisy had alway
2、s longed to help endangered species of wildlife.One day she woke up and found a flyingcarpet by her bed.“Where do you want to go?”it asked.Daiasy responded immediately.“Id like to see some endangered wildlife,”she said.“please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to ma
3、ke this sweater.”At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet. There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad.It said,“We are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you .As a reasult,we are now an endangered species.”At that Daisy cried,“
4、Im sorry I didnt know that.I wonder what is being done to help you.Flying carpet,please show me a place where theres some wildlife protection.” The flying carpet travelled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe.Daisy turned around and found that she was being watched by an elephant.“Have you
5、 come to take my photo?”it asked.In relief Daisy burst into laughter.“Dont laugh,”said the elephant,“We used to be an endangered species.Farmers hunted us without mercy.They said we destroyed their farms,and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies.So the government decided to help.
6、They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers.Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing.So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.” Daisy smiled.“Thats good news.It shows the importance of wildlife protection,but Id like to hel
7、p as the WWF suggests.”The carpetRose against and almost at once they were in a thick rainforest.A monkey Watched them as it rubbed itself.“What are you doing?”asked Daisy. “Im protecting myself from mosquitoes,”it replied.“When I find a milipede insect,I rub it over my body.It contains a powerful d
8、rug which affect mosquitoes. You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how theanimals live together.No rainforest,no animals,no drugs.” Daisy was amazed.“Flying carpet,please take me home so I can tell WWFand we can begin producing this new drug.Monkey,please come a
9、nd help,”The monkey agreed.The carpet flew home.As they landed,things begin to disappear.Two minutes later everything had gone-the monkey,too. So Daisy was not able to make her new drug.But what an experience!She had learned so much!And there was always WWF (2)Animal extinctionMany animals have disa
10、ppeared during the long history of the earth.The most famous of these animals are dinosaurs.They lived on the earth tens million of years ago,long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live i
11、n china.The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia County,Nanyang,Henan province.Not long ago a rare new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered in Country,liaoning Province.When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run li
12、ke the others but also climb trees.They learned this from the way the bones were joined together. Dinosaurs died out suddenly about 65million years ago.Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air.Others think
13、 the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more.Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaur disappeared from the earth in such a short time. We know many other wild plants,animals,insects and birds have died out more recently.According to a UN report ,some 844 animals and plants have dis
14、appeared in the last 500 years.The dodo is one of them.It lived on the Island of Mauritius and was a very friendly animal.Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared from the earth.(3) The return of the milu deerMy name is Linhui.I like to tell stories about people who work together.
15、What is even better is when countries help each other and build a good friendship.An excellent example of this happened when Britain and China worked together to bring the Milu deer back to China. The Milu deer,a species with large horns,used to be common in China long ago.Like other deer they live
16、together and eat grass and the soft parts of trees such as small branches.Milu deer were often hunted for food or sport in the past.The ,Ming and Qing dynasties did not protect them and many were killed.That is how the Milu deer disappeared from China. Luckily before all of them were killed,some wer
17、e taken to Britain to improve the environment of the beautiful park which belonged to the Duke of Bedford.He liked them so much that he took them all the way from China to Britain.The Milu deer liked the cool,wet weather in England and their number increased year by year.As a result,when in 1985 the
18、 government of China wanted to reintroduce the Milu deer,the Duke of Bedford was happy to help.The first deer came back to China to the Nanhaizi Milu Park 20 kilometers south of Beijing and the centre in Dafeng,Jingsu Province. The deer centainly seem happy to be back in China because their numbers
19、have grown rapidly.There are now so many of them that a new park has been opened for them in Hebei Province.At the moment the Milu deer live in centres where they are being well protected and care for .It is hoped that one day there will be enough animals to let them live in the wild again.So Britai
20、n helped China by bringing back an animal that had disappeared from its homeland.This is a good example of friendship and understanding between these two countries.Unit 5The band that wasntHave you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musicians? Have you ever dreamed of playing in
21、front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? Do you sing Karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. But just now do people form a
22、 band?Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music.They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame. Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can
23、 earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!However, there was one band that started in a
24、different way. It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. The TV organizer had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. They put an advertisement in a new
25、spaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough. They had to use actors for the other three members of theband.As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them. So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sin
26、g. Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups. They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they beca
27、me more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records. The band broke up about
28、 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.Freddy the frog（）Not long after Freddy and the band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour. Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours
29、to get tickets for their concerts . Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall. He enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards! His most exciting invitation第一章 总 论 1.l项目名称及承办单位 1.l.1项目名称吉林正方农牧股份有限公司万吨禽深加工产品项目l.1.2项目承办单位吉林正方农牧股份有限公司 l.1.3项目拟建地点根据本项目承建单位现已建成的种禽场（孵化厂）、填饲
30、育肥厂、标准化牧业小区等实际情况以及拟建的新项目，再根据产品销售方式、产品生产加工的要求不同以及便于管理和满足食品卫生生产的要求出发，经综合分析，现将种禽场（孵化厂）、填饲育肥厂、屠宰加工厂、熟食制品加工厂、饲料厂分两处建设：a.种禽场（孵化厂）、填饲育肥厂区拟建在吉林省辉南县杉松岗镇，原五五一七厂院内。b.屠宰加工厂、熟食制品厂、饲料厂拟建在吉林省梅河口经济贸易开发区北环工业园区。 1.2项目的提出吉林正方农牧股份有限公司是专业从事种鹅育种、鹅肥肝生产、鹅产品深加工的现代化农牧企业。该公司已经建成了种禽场（孵化厂）、填饲育肥厂、30个牧业小区，试生产加工了“卓别林”系列休闲食品。现产品畅销北
31、京、上海等国内大中城市，但因屠宰加工设备简陋，卫生指标不能达到出口标准，阻碍了产品出口和企业发展，近期又因饲养量的不断增加，急需新建符合对日、对欧出口标准的屠宰加工厂和熟食制品加工厂，本项目正是在这样的背景下提出的。该项目的建设具有显著的社会效益和经济效益，可促进农业产业化进程和增加农民收入，促进粮食转化和农产品的保值增值，为利用新技术发展现代农业以及农业的产业化发展，农产品的深加工等树立样板。希望项目早日建设早日投产早日创收。随着社会的发展和人民生活水平的日益提高，人们的饮食结构向着科学化、营养化、保健化的方向发展。鹅属以草食为主的家禽，系纯天然绿色健康食品，亦越来越受到人们的青睐。鹅肉集香
32、、脆、嫩于一身，营养丰富，鹅体内含有人体必需的多种氨基酸、蛋白质，脂肪少，是保健、美容佳品。鹅肉可用清煮、煎炒、酱烤卤等方法烹调食用，鹅头鹅掌是酒宴上之佳肴，鹅肥肝是高档的食品，它在欧洲、日本、香港、新加坡等地很受欢迎，被誉为世界三大美味之一，所以深受广大消费者青睐。鹅还可入药，鹅血、鹅胆具有抗癌作用。肉能解五脏热，煮汁可解渴，胆汁可治痔。随着科学技术水平的提高，人们对绿色食品的渴望，对鹅认识进一步加深，若将鹅进一步加工开发，它不但是酒宴上之佳肴，也是馈赠亲友、居家旅行之佳品，市场前景广阔。吉林省杉松岗矿业集团是集煤炭、食品、养殖、冶金为一体的大型国有控股企业。其主业煤炭生产已有100余年历史
33、，现在面临煤炭资源枯竭，下岗人员增多等诸多问题。自上世纪八十年代中期开始，在搞好煤炭生产的同时，开始发展养殖业，现其属下两家从事养殖业的公司已被省政府确定为省级农业产业化重点龙头企业。本项目的建设是在吉林正方农牧股份有限公司已经形成300万只长白鹅饲养能力的基础上进行禽深加工的项目，项目实施后，延伸养殖企业的产业链条，生产高附加值的产品，形成良性循环。同时还可利用部分闲置矿区的厂区和公用工程设施，减少建设投资，增加企业效益。本项目的实施，可安置下岗职工三千名，使两千多个家庭摆脱靠政府救济的现状，对稳定当地局面和缓解就业压力将起到重大作用。因此，吉林正方农牧股份有限公司提出万吨禽深加工产品项目，
34、不但是及时的，而且也是十分必要的。1.3建设项目在国民经济中所处的地位吉林省是一农业大省，是我国玉米、大豆的主产区，粮食总产已突破200亿公斤，这其中又以玉米为主，占到粮食总产量的75以上。虽然具备着得天独厚的自然条件，但吉林省以同样面临着更为迫切的三农问题，首先是近几年虽然粮食作物在产量上不断创出新高，但粮食的价格并没有相应的提高，相反还有些回落，而且卖粮难的问题也时时困扰着农民，这些都直接影响了农民的收入；其次，由于吉林省是农业大省，农村人口所占整个人口的比例很大，约占总人口构成的50%以上，农民收入的难以提高，直接影响到农村消费，消费的减少又影响到了内需，内需的不旺则影响到整个吉林省的经
35、济发展速度。整个农村经济进入了全面的结构性调整时期。农村经济由“粮-经”二元结构向“粮-经-饲”三元结构转变。大力发展养鹅业有利于促进农村经济结构调整，促进农村经济向三元结构转变。因此，作为农业大省利用国家推出的扶持政策，在稳定发展粮食生产这一主导产业的前提下，适时调整产业结构，扩大效益好、见效快、能提高农民收入的产业（如畜牧业）在农业中的比重，实现农业产业结构优化和产品质量升级，已成为吉林省解决三农问题，全面建设小康社会的关键。肉类加工业包括畜禽养殖、屠宰及加工，对国民经济的发展，丰富我国城镇居民菜篮子和提高人民生活质量起举足轻重的作用。2001年我国肉类总产量为6547万吨（其中禽肉127
36、1.1万吨，增加19.4%），2002年预计6550万吨，比上年增加3.4%。据统计，到2010年中国人均肉类消费量将达到60公斤。肉类加工业已步入新的发展阶段，市场供应充足，价格平稳，消费量不断增长，市场前景广阔。由此可见，本项目的建立不但能促进禽养殖加工业发展，同时也符合国家的产业政策，促进农产品加工业发展，是形成禽深加工制品结构合理化和拉长产业链条的重要途径，并可提高产品的附加值，加大开发禽深加工产品转化增值的力度。据估计，肉鸡深加工每进一步产品价值就增加约20%40%。在能给企业带来丰厚利润的同时，又能带动种植业、养殖业以及其它相关行业的发展，促进农村经济由“粮-经”二元结构向“粮-经
37、-饲”三元结构转变，必将大大改善我国生产资源的配置，创造更多的附加值。因此，在辉南县建立以禽屠宰加工为核心的禽深加工发展龙头企业是非常必要的，实现以销促产，不仅企业自身效益好，还可带动相关行业的发展。 1.4建设项目的优越条件 品种优良：长白鹅（型）是吉林正方农牧股份有限公司培育的优良品种，三个配套系列已通过了吉林省级鉴定。具有体形长大、饲养周期短、成活率高等特点。研发实力雄厚：该公司为企业的发展，积极同国内大专院校、科研单位合作，为项目提供技术支持，增强市场竞争能力、经济效益和发展后劲，该企业已经建立了鹅研发中心，揽集相关专业、德才兼备的人才，以青年骨干进行重点培养，为企业未来发展打下坚实基
38、础。价格优势：本项目充分利用当地资源优势，即优质玉米及青贮料作为白鹅养殖的原料，可以降低饲养成本，为本项目良种鹅雏产品的生产繁育提供了无可比拟的价格优势。 1.5 企业概况项目承办单位吉林正方农牧股份有限公司是专业从事种鹅育种、鹅肥肝生产、鹅产品深加工的现代化农牧企业。公司位于吉林省辉南县境内，地处长白山脉，依山傍水，风景秀丽，占地175万平方米，建筑面积3万平方米，注册资金2800万元。下设育种中心、鹅肥肝生产部、鹅产品深加工部、原种鹅场、饲养基地等机构。公司现有人员156人，具有大专以上学历53人，主要管理人员9名，全部为大专以上文化。年龄24-42岁，技术开发人员20名，占13%。生产人
39、员121人，占77.4%，销售人员15名，占9.6%。公司立足于高起点，依靠高新技术，实现鹅业的规模化生产，集约化经营。是国内唯一引进世界良种法国朗德鹅、莱茵鹅原种的厂家。该公司研究与开发了长白鹅配套系（型、型、型）：蛋肉毛兼用型长白鹅型，产蛋量居我国小型鹅之首，生长速度达到中型鹅水平；肉毛兼用型长白鹅型，产蛋量是我国中型鹅种之首，生长速度接近大型鹅水平；肝肉兼用型长白鹅型，是优良的肥肝专用鹅，平均肝重已达644克。此研究成果通过了农业部家禽品质检测中心检测、吉林省科学技术成果鉴定，在国内同类研究中居领先水平并在2001年中国（长春）国际农博会获得了金奖，具备现代家禽遗传育种的先进技术和鹅肥肝
40、生产的实践。公司现存栏原种鹅4万套，周边饲养基地30个，拥有年孵化能力达600万只鹅雏的孵化厂、年屠宰300万只商品鹅的加工及与其相配套的冷库。其独家培育获农业部认证的“长白鹅”享全国，拥有全国最大的良种鹅繁育场，鹅肥肝产品开发是国家级星火计划项目，并获得吉林省优秀新产品奖，产品远销日本、香港地区。1.6 项目发展概况为尽快落实该项目，吉林正方农牧股份有限公司组织专人对项目进行调研、考查和论证，同时还对资源、市场、选址、环境、公用设施进行了调研，并委托吉林省轻工业设计研究院编制项目建议书，力争早日立项。第二章 市场需求预测与建设规模2.1 市场需求预测 2.1.1国内外水禽养殖现状中国饲养水禽
41、有悠久的历史，是最早将野鸭、鸿雁、灰雁驯化为家养的国家之一，现在中国又是世界第一位的水禽生产大国，据报道目前鹅、鸭的出栏量分别达到6.97亿只和22.78亿只；鹅鸭的存栏量、屠宰量、鹅和鸭的肉产量、鹅和鸭蛋产率均居世界首位。水禽产品肉、蛋、绒、肝的产值占畜牧业总产值1万亿元的10%，达到一千亿元人民币。 鹅、鸭肉增长迅速，以1985年为例：鹅、鸭肉产量分别为45.5万吨和51.8万吨，到2001年分别达到180万吨和201万吨，增长了近四倍。1989年鹅鸭肉总产量为97.3万吨，2003年达到416.3万吨，增长了四倍多。中国水禽在世界上的地位是非常重要的。全世界2004年鹅存栏量为2.62亿
42、只，中国为2.28亿只，占世界总量的86.5%（见表1），五年内增加了19.4%。表1 1998-2004年中国和全世界鹅存栏量 单位亿只、%年份世界中国中国占世界%数量%数量%19982.09100.01.80100.086.119992.19104.81.88104.485.820002.35112.42.03112.886.420012.41115.32.08115.686.320022.39114.42.15119.490.020032.47118.22.16120.087.520042.62125.42.28126.786.9全世界2003年鸭存栏量为11.07亿只，中国为6.72亿
43、只，占世界总量的60.7%（见表2），五年内增加了31.0%。同年亚洲存栏8.44亿只，中国占亚洲的89.05%。表2 1998-2003年中国和全世界鸭存栏量 单位亿只、%年份世界中国中国占世界%数量%数量%19987.73100.05.13100.066.419998.30107.45.61109.467.620008.86114.66.12119.369.120019.17118.66.36124.069.520029.48122.66.61128.869.7200311.07143.26.72131.060.7 2.1.2国内外水禽产品供应预测全世界2003年鹅的屠宰量5.33亿只，中
44、国屠宰4.94亿只，占世界的92.7%（见表3）。表3 1998-2003年中国和世界鹅的屠宰量 单位亿只、%年份世界中国中国占世界%数量%数量%19984.4100.04.07100.091.319994.6104.54.23103.994.820004.8109.14.62113.592.020015.17117.54.68115.090.720035.33121.14.94121.492.7全世界2003年鸭的屠宰量22.78亿只，中国屠宰16.34亿只，占世界的71.7%（见表4）。表4 1998-2004年中国和世界鸭的屠宰量 单位亿只、%年份世界中国中国占世界%数量%数量%1998
45、17.3100.013.2100.076.1199917.8102.913.3100.875.1200019.1110.415.16114.876.4200120.15116.515.34116.276.2200322.78131.716.34123.871.7200422.52130.216.82127.474.7水禽在养禽中的比重正在逐年提高。中国家禽业中禽肉以鸡肉为主，但近些年鹅鸭等水禽肉、蛋的比重在上升，1989-2002年禽肉种鸡鸭鹅肉的比重（见表5），鹅鸭肉已上升到占禽肉产量的32.3%。表5 1998-2002年中国禽肉种鸡肉、鸭肉、鹅肉的比重单位万吨、%年份1989199019
46、95199719981999200020012002禽肉产量282.0322.9934.7979.01087.31115.51207.21220.31249.0其中：鸡肉234.7258.3600.2710.6801.8814.3907.0921.0952.0鸭肉51.857.5127.5167.2173.7176.7199.2201.0211.6鹅肉45.547.4133.1158.0166.2169.0175.0180.0192.6鹅鸭肉97.3104.9260.6325.2339.9345.7374.2381.0404.2鹅鸭肉占禽肉%34.532.527.933.231.331.031
47、.031.232.3人均禽肉%2.352.697.798.038.089.309.589.199.40中国水禽肉出口国际市场中产品占出口禽肉总量的10.5%（见表6），但由于禽流感和各国对进口产品的要求提高，秦肉类（包括鹅肉、鸭肉）的熟品比例正在提高，熟品比例到2002年已达30.89%（见表7），这二年熟品比例还在继续上升，出口企业正在新建一批熟品出口的车间。我国出口禽肉熟品以日本市场为主，欧洲和美国也是潜在的市场，我国在劳动密集型产品上仍具有比较优势和竞争力，日本从2001-2003年进口中国熟品。（见表8）表6 1995-2002年出口禽肉的结构 单位：吨、%年份生禽肉肉鸡肉鸡站%水禽水禽占%其他禽类其他占%19952813325062888.83196066.95119004.75199632686730395192.99225846.913320.101997324332303
