1、特殊句型考向预测特殊句型是英语学习中必须掌握的难点知识，熟练地掌握和使用对提高应试能力有很大的帮助。通过近几年试题的分析与研究，主要从以下几个方面进行考查：倒装句、强调句和省略句。在学习时，首先应弄清楚如何正确地使用，其次要在具体的语境中灵活使用。考点定位近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。考点1 强调句- 强调句结构及其中的who和that强调句的基本构成为：It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。无论强调那个部分，其后面的连接词只能用
2、who或者that。被强调的部分指人时，可用who或that；被强调的部分不指人时，切不可因为强调的是时间、地点、原因或者方式状语而用when, where, why或how,此时必须用that。如： It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again正是在战争结束后爱因斯坦才得以重新回到研究工作中去。It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed那位老太太是在银行的前面被抢劫的。It is wh
3、en he got back that he knew what had happened他回来后才知道所发生的情况。It was the goats eyes that he had seen in the darkness他在黑暗中看到的就是这只山羊的眼睛。特别提示强调句中的主谓一致性：当强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应与主语一致，即人称和数要一致。如：It is my mother who cooks every day每天煮饭的是我妈妈。 It is he who is wrong是他错了。【典例】If nature does not provide man with the necess
4、ary material, it is the laboratory _ he will turn to for it.AwhereBthatCwhichDwhat【答案】B【解析】考查强调句型。句意：如果自然界不能为人类提供必要的物质，他就会向实验室求助。主句用的是强调句型，被强调部分是宾语the laboratory.考点2 强调句-强调状语部分强调句所强调的状语部分可以是介词短语、副词或状语从句。如：1.强调介词短语It is not without an effort that wen can expect to succeed. 不经努力，我们不能指望成功。2.强调状语从句It wa
5、s before he went to London that he had learned English for three years他在去伦敦之前已经学了三年英语。(强调时间)It was where you have questions that youd better make a mark最好在你有疑问的地方做个记号。(强调地点)It was because she was ill that she didnt come to the party她没来参加聚会是因为她病了。(强调原因)It is as the Party tells us that we must do我们必须做
6、的就是听从党的安排。(强调方式)It is as long as you promise to be back before 8：00 that you can go out只要你保证八点以前回来你就可以出去。(强调条件)3.强调not until结构It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why she was angry with him. 直到母亲把一切都告诉他，Jack才明白母亲为什么生他的气。特别提示not until 引导的复合句放于句首时，主句须用倒装语序。但如果放于被强调的位置，则
7、that后的主谓不倒装。如： It wasnt until I got off the bus that I realized it直到下车我才意识到这一点。(强调句)Not until I got off the bus did I realize it直到下车我才意识到这一点。(倒装句)【典例】It was not until midnight _ we got home because of traffic jams.AthatBwhenCwhileDas【答案】A【解析】考查强调句型。notuntil句型有两种强调的方式：一种是将not until短语提至句首，主句采用部分倒装语序；第
8、二种方式是采用一般强调句型结构，只是要把否定词转移到until前边去。此题采用的是第二种强调方式，它的第一种强调方式为：Not until midnight did we get home because of traffic jams.考点3 强调句 - 强调句的疑问句1一般疑问句。结构为：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分?如：Was it during the AntiJapanese War that he died? 他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗?2特殊疑问句。结构为：特殊疑问词(what/Who/when/Why/)Where/How)+is/was it
9、+ that/who+句子其他成分?如：Why is it that smoking is not allowed here? 为什么这儿不允许吸烟? 考点4 强调句-强调句与主语从句、定语从句和状语从句的辨析1. 掌握强调句与“It is/wasthat. Clause.”式主语从句的使用区别。主句从句中it is/was后通常用名词或形词作表语，而强调句中it is/was后被强调的成分是主语、宾语或状语。如： It is a wonder that the wounded soldier is still alive. 那个受伤的士兵还活着，真是个奇迹。（主语从句）It is a won
10、der that we visited yesterday. 我们昨天参观的是一个奇迹。（强调句）2定语从句的引导词(即关系代词和关系副词)在从句的使用过程中较为丰富，如who，that，which，whose，when，where，why等，与充当先行词的名词或代词存在修饰与被修饰的关系；而强调句中的引导词只有who和that，强调人时，用who或that，强调其他时，只用that，且与被强调的部分不存在修饰与被修饰的关系。如：It was 2009 when she graduated from the senior high schoo1那是2009年，她高中毕业的时候。(定语从句)It
11、 was in 2009 that she graduated from the senior high school. 她高中毕业是在2009年。（强调句）3. 容易与强调句混淆的时间状语从句主要有：（1）It is/was+时间+since从句。有两种含义：如果since从句中的谓语动词是非延续性的。则译为“自从有多长时间了”；如果是延续性的，则译为“不做某事已有多长时间了”。如：It is three years since he joined the army自他参军以来已有三年了。It is many years since he smoked他没有吸烟已有好多年了。(2)It is
12、/will(not)be+时间段+before从句。表示”要过多久(不久)才”，before从句后的谓语动词多用一般现在时。如：It wont be long before you reach your goal你离成功不远了。(3)It Was+时间段+before从句。表示”过了多久才”。before从句后的谓语动词多用一般过去时。如：It was four hours before he finished the work,过了四小时他才完成工作。【典例】It is_ Tom often breaks the school roles_ makes his teacher unsatis
13、fied with himAwhat：thatBthat；whatCthat；thatDwhich; that【答案】C【解析】考查强调句型和主语从句。句意：是汤姆经常违反学校规定才让他的老师对他不满意的。本句是强调句型，被强调部分是主语从句that Tom often breaks the school rules。4. 谓语动词的强调强调句“It is/wasthat”一般不强调谓语动词，如果要强调谓语，用助动词do，does或did。如：The family did manage to send him to a technical schoo1家里的确设法让他上技术学校。考点5 倒装句
14、-全部倒装把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。主要有：1. 以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副词开头，谓语动词多为be, come, go等，则需用全部倒装。如：There flows a river at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一条河。2.以then, now, thus开头，谓语动词多为come, follow, begin, end, be, 主语又是名词/名词词组，则用全部倒装（若主语是代词，则不能倒装）。如：Now comes your turn! 该你了3当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be，
15、come，sit，live，stand，lie，exist等时，常用全部倒装。如：On the ground lay an old man，who was dying地上躺着一位老人，奄奄一息。4such作表语，置于句首，表示“这样的人/事物；上述的人/事物”。be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。如：Such is their decision他们的决定就是这样。【典例】At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies Ch
16、ongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie【答案】A【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。考点6 强调句-部分倒装只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要有：1. 在疑问句中须部分倒装。但在疑问句中作主语的特殊疑问句里，不用倒装。如： Does he speak Chinese? 他说中国话吗？ Who is in this room? 谁在这个房间里？2. 用于以so, nor, neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语动
17、词应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so+主语+do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。如：Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and So have I玛丽已经记住了200个单词，我也是这样。The girls study hard这些女孩学习刻苦。so they do她们的确如此。3在以never，seldom，not only，rarely，scarcely，in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。如：Little do I dream of seeing su
18、ch wonderful scenery我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色。4. Only置于句首修饰状语（副词、介词短语）或状语从句等时用部分倒装。如：Only after the anaesthetist gave the patient an anaesthetic could be operation be conducted. 只有在麻醉师给病人实施麻醉以后，手术才能进行。5. 在sothat, suchthat句型中，当so, such引导的结构置于句首时须用部分倒装，如So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room c
19、ould him. 他说话声音那样大，隔壁屋里的人都能听见。6在hardlywhen，no soonerthan，not until句型中，主句须部分倒装。如：Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow他一到，天就下起雪来了。7as引导的让步状语从句结构为：形容词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语。如： Tired as he was, he stayed up late. 他虽然疲倦，可仍然很晚才睡。 Explain as I might, I could not make myself understood. 尽管我已经解释了，但我还是不被理解。 C
20、hild as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，可他知道很多。（注意开头的名词前无冠词）8在省略了if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或should置于句首。如：Were I in your position，1 would not go我要是在你的位置上，我是不会去的。9however，no matter how引导的让步状语从句。如：However hard he worked，he couldnt solve the problem不管多努力，他就是解决不了那个问题。 【典例】1.We laugh at jokes，but seldom _ about ho
21、w they workAwe think Bthink we Cwe do think Ddo we think【答案】 D【解析】考查倒装。Seldom为否定副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D。句意为“我们因为笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”【典例】2.Never_ Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute.Adid we think Bhave we thoughtCwe thought Dwe have thought【答案】A【解析】倒装结构。当否定词never，not，hardly，seldom等放在句首的时候
22、，句子要部分倒装，根据语意可知，应用一般过去时，因此选A项。【典例】3.Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun【答案】【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到离开家，他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。：not until引导的从句置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。考点7 省略句 省略句的几个考察要点考点省略句的几个考查要点英语中，有时为了避免
23、重复，往往省去一个词或一些成分，这种语法现象称为省略。主要考查点有：1简单句的省略。祈使句省略主语you；某些句子结构省略谓语；部分问句同时省略主谓语；疑问句的答语省略；感叹句的省略；年龄和钟点的省略等。如： (You)Dont touch this button. 请（你）不要碰这个按钮。 (Is there) Anybody you want to see? 你想见什么人吗？ Why(do)not (you do that)? （你）为什么不（做）呢？ Are these people your friends? 这些人是你的朋友吗？Yes, they are (my friends).
24、是的，他们是（我的朋友）。2比较结构的省略。在”the+比较级，the+比较级”结构中，可以省略be；由than和as引导的比较句式中的省略。如：The sooner(you do it)，the better(it will be)(你做得)越快，(结果就会)越好。The longer the wire(is)，the greater the resistance(is)导线越长，电阻就越大。3主从复合句中的省略。(1)宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当多个宾语从句并列时，只能省略第一个。如：I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an
25、 excellent writer. 我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。（2）在有些表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有be动词，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it， 常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是be动词）省略。如：If so(=If it is so)，you must go back and bring it here如果是这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。Look out for cars when(you are)crossing the street过街时当心车辆。(3)定语从句的省略。作宾语的关系代词的省略或省略到用分词作定语。如：The
26、car(which/that)his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen他父亲作为生日礼物送给他的那辆汽车被盗了。(4)在含有were，had，should的虚拟条件句中if的省略。在这种情况下若if省略，常将were，had，should等提到句首，主谓部分倒装。如：Were I a bird，I could fly如果我是一只鸟，我就能飞。【典例】1.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _
27、accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless【答案】 D【解析】考查省略的状语从句的连接词。句意应为“学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。”表示“除非”用unless。该句式构成了“连词+过去分词”结构。【典例】2.though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome。A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised【答案】C【解析】 考查省略的用法。前半句是“Though
28、he was surprised to see use”的省略形式。一般情况下，如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，并且从句的谓语还有be动词，通常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。4not，so，neither，nor的替代性省略。动词believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，suppose，think等和Im afraid后面可用替代词so或not来避免重复前面提到的内容。表示肯定意义时，以上动词都可与so搭配；但表示否定意义时，hope与guess只用I hope not和I guess not的形式，而think，believe，suppose等词可有两
29、种形式，即：I think not和I dont think so。如：Do they mind you smoking there? 你在那儿抽烟，他们介意吗?I dont think so/I think not我想不会。（60分钟）限时训练经典常规题单项选择1【2017江苏卷】22. _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it2【2017天津卷】11. It was when I
30、got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that3.【2016江苏】34.Not until recently _the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A. they had encouragedB. had they encouragedC. did they encourageD. they encouraged4.【2016天津】13. You are w
31、aiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. A. who B. which C. where D. that5.【2015湖南】31.Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A. to keep B. to have keptCkeep Dhave kept6.【2015天津】3. Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she
32、 had left the contract at home. A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize7.【2015湖南】23.Only after talking to two students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A. I did discoverB. did I discoverC. I discoveredD. discovered8.【2
33、015湖南】21.It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. how9.【2015重庆】9.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century_ his musical gift was fully recognized.A. while B. though C. that D. after 高频易
34、错题 一、语法填空（山西省2017届高三下学期名校联考） Do you make friends 61 (easy)? Do a wall-sit test and youll find out. Researchers at the University of Oxford did 62 study with 101 participants aged between 18 and 34. Participants first 63 (fill) out questionnaires about their social lives, and they were then asked 64
35、(press)against a wall with their 65 (knee) at right angles(直角)for as long as they could, 66 can be really painful. The results showed that the longer participants held the position, the bigger 67 outer network-or distant friends they contacted once or twice a monthwas. That was 68 the brains painkil
36、ling system is associated _69 both pain tolerance and social bonding, which means that the more active this system is, the 70 (good) you are at both.二、短文改错（辽宁省六校协作体2018届高三期初联考）Last Friday, I was standing near a subway exit, tried to call a taxi. But no luck. Then I thought of the taxi-booking app my
37、 friend has recommended and I booked a taxi through my cellphone. Soon it came, and I stepped in, feeling pretty proudly of my high-tech way and satisfied with the convenience brought by the app. So later, I was upset to find that the driver was busy looking his cellphone to get the next order. It w
38、as just then when I began to worry about my safety. Whats bad, the drivers informations might be unreliable. How can we passengers legal rights be protecting if something bad happens? So be careful when you use the taxi-booking app the next time.精准预测题一、语法填空（山东省枣庄市第三中学2018届高三一调模拟考试）Ive not been aroun
39、d here much recently as I _41_ (be) busy with courses for these last few months. One of the courses we host is a Perma-culture Design Course, and I want to tell you about the “Kindness Angel”_42_ has been introduced into this years events.On the wall of the classroom are taped _43_ (envelope), and e
40、ach has on it the name of someone on site. Those names _44_ (write) on slips of paper and one is slipped into each envelope _45_ random. When you go to “your” envelope, this slip of paper is the name of the person that you are going to act as “Kindness Angel” for the whole period of time of the even
41、t. Of course, people are away from home and, have limited resources _46_ (create) large or flashy kindnesses, so theyre being inventive. It is _47_ (enjoy) to see people sneaking away other peoples dishes to wash,_48_ (leave) kind notes, and paying forward treats from the tuck shop (小卖部). And as peo
42、ple have kindness on their minds, theyre not just providing little kindnesses for their own person,_49_ for everyone. Its lovely to see.Following the last course I gave my younger son “his” envelope as it was stuffed full of little notes. Someone had drawn him a little Lego character; someone else h
43、ad given him a beautiful snails shell that they had found. He has kept _50_ all.二、短文改错（河北省沧州市2018届高三教学质量检测）Yesterday was my birthday. I always spent a special day with my family, the closest ones who I could share my joy and happiness. When I woke up in the morning, I found on the desk was some new
44、clothes and a note which said. “Get dressing and come outside.” I did, and before I got outside I found my father wait. He took me to a huge amusement park I have never been to. We bought ticket and entered. I went direct to the main roller coaster which I had been hoping to ride it for years. It tu
45、rned out to be a great birthday.参考答案经典常规题单项选择1.【答案】B【解题思路】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I.，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该是无法克服她自己的困难的。2.【答案】D【解题思路】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。3.【答案】C【
46、解题思路】考查部分倒装。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候，主句要使用部分倒装句。排除AD项，B项为过去完成时，上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去的时间。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。故C正确。4.【答案】D【解题思路】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。5.【答案】C【解题思路】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。6.【答案】D【解题思路】句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选D。7.【答案】B【解题思路】副词only置于句首时，强调方式状语、条件状语、
