1、A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour-much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different fr
2、om modern car races but no less exciting. Lesson57 Can I help you, madam? 你要买什么，夫人？A woman in blue jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way
3、 she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.
4、 After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said s many ties.And a woman cant have too many hats
5、, she answered.Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse !Lesson42 Not very musical 并非很懂音乐As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. After a time, we noticed a snake-cha
6、rmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him. As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets. When he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. It rose out of the basket and
7、 began to follow the movements of the pipe. We were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz tunes and modern pop songs. The snake, however, continued to dance slowly. It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz!Lesson43 Over the South Pole
8、飞越南极In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R. E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious troubl
9、e. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be ab
10、le to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty. Lesson44 Through the forest 穿过森林Mrs Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest afte
11、r two men. They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag. In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. Mrs Sterling got so angry that she ran afte
12、r them. She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away. The strap needs mending, said Mrs
13、Sterling later, but they did not steal anything.Lesson45 A clear conscience 问心无愧The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post-office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by
14、one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: A thief, yes, but only 5o per cent a thief!
15、Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: Only 25 per cent a thief now! In time, all Sams money was paid back in this way. The last note said: I am 100 per cent honest now!lesson46 Expensive and uncomfortable 既昂贵又受罪When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, worker
16、s began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen
17、goods. He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over ten hours. The man was ordered to
18、 pay &345 for the cost of the trip. The normal price of a ticket is &230 !Lesson47 A thirsty ghost 嗜酒的鬼魂A public house which was recently bought by Mr Ian Thompson is up for sale. Mr Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted. He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he hea
19、rd a strange noise coming from the bar. The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. Though Mr Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles whi
20、ch the ghost must have drunk the night before. When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr Thompson shook his head. The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away. Lesson48 Did you want to tell me something? 你想对我说什么吗？Dentists al
21、ways ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. My dentist had just pulled out one of my teeth and had told me to rest for a while. I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton-wool. He knew I collected birds eggs and asked me whether my collection was growing. He then asked
22、 me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London. In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything. When the dentist at last remo
23、ved the cotton-wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth. Lesson49 The end of a dream 美梦告终Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had
24、springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did n
25、ot wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. Afte
26、r he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.Lesson50 Taken for a ride 乘车兜风I love travelling in the country, but I dont like losing my way. I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected. Im going to Woodford Green, I said to the conductor as I got on th
27、e bus, but I dont know where it is. Ill tell you where to get off, answered the conductor. I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. After some time, the bus stopped. Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus. Youll have to get of
28、f here, the conductor said. This is as far as we go. Is this Woodford Green ? I asked. Oh dear, said the conductor suddenly. I forgot to put you off. It doesnt matter, I said. Ill get off here. We are going back now, said the conductor. Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus, I answered.Les
29、son51 Reward for virtue 对美德的奖赏My friend, Herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Herbert loves: butte
30、r, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Herbert was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked h
31、im what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! Lesson52 A pretty carpe
32、t 漂亮的地毯We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the mo
33、ment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. This is the pret
34、tiest carpet I have ever seen, she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, You dont need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet! Lesson53 Hot snake 触电的蛇At last firemen have put out a big forest fire亚运村电动汽车充电桩技术方案广州南方电力集团科技发展有限公司2010年1月第一部分 充电桩发展的现状1.概述 目前，珍
35、惜地球上有限的石油资源，保护人类赖以生存的自然环境，减少温室气体排放量，遏制全球变暖趋势已经成为全世界各国面临的共同话题。 汽车作为现代社会化大工业的产物，为推动人类文明向前跃进做出了巨大的贡献，给人类的生活带来了舒适和便捷。根据联合国的统计数据显示，目前汽车的耗油量已占全部石油消耗的75%,同时也带来了巨大的环境污染。 要缓解这两个日趋严重的两个问题，汽车工业必然向着环保、清洁和节能的方向发展，包括发展清洁替代燃料汽车和电动汽车。电动汽车在环保、清洁、节能等方面占据明显的优势，据相关统计，电动汽车在能量利用率比燃油汽车高7.5个百分点，污染物排量仅为普通内燃机车的28%，基本无污染物排放。电
36、动汽车具有无(低)污染物排放、噪音低、能效高、维修及运行成本低等优点，它的广泛普及将是缓解大气环境污染和能源紧缺的最有效方式之一。2.电动汽车发展现状电动汽车是指以车载电源为动力，用电机驱动车轮行驶，符合道路交通、安全法规各项要求的车辆。目前国际国内汽车厂商相继推出了相关的电动汽车产品，主要厂商有比亚迪，万向集团，上汽，奇瑞、大众、丰田、日产等。电动汽车详细可分为三类：即仅以车载蓄电池（或电容）为动力源的纯电动汽车，以多个车载动力源提供动力的混合动力电动汽车（当前主要是指以内燃机及蓄电池）和以燃料电池为动力的燃料电池汽车。经过近30年的努力，特别是过去10多年国家汽车生产和消费政策的调整，我国
37、汽车产业呈现爆发式增长，产销规模在1998-2008年的10年间保持 了20%以上的年均增幅。目前我国已跃居世界第一大汽车消费国和第三大汽车生产国。我国汽车工业发展为世界瞩目，但在传统燃油汽车领域与发达国家有很大差 距，但在新能源汽车上的差距却没有那么大。特别在电动汽车领域，我国企业在关键的电池技术上获得了突破，具备了率先启动产业化的条件，有实现跨越的机会。 电动汽车为我国汽车产业缩短差距、实现跨越提供了难得的重大战略机遇。我国从“十五”时期开始实施新能源汽车科技规划，“863”项目共投入20亿元研发经费，形成了以纯电动、油电混合动力、燃料电池三条技术路线为“三 纵”，以多能源动力总成控制系统
38、、驱动电机及其控制系统、动力蓄电池及其管理系统三种共性技术为“三横”的电动汽车研发格局。共计200多家整车及零部件 企业、高校和科研院所，以及3000多名科技人员直接参加了电动汽车专项研发。经过近十年的发展，我国电动汽车的研发取得明显进展。到2009年，我国已形成约1800项专利，并开发出了多款电动汽车样车。目前，共有48个型号 的各类电动汽车获得机动车新产品公告，其中，比亚迪、奇瑞、长安等企业的插电式和油电混合动力汽车已具备上市销售的条件。电动汽车在我国正在进入快速发展 新阶段。3.电动汽车电池使用现状纯电动汽车的最大瓶颈是电池。电动汽车对电池的要求比较高，高比能、高比功率、快速充电和具有深
39、度放电功能、循环和使用寿命长。铅酸电池作为比较成 熟的技术，虽然其比能量、比功率和能量密度都比较低，但是高的性价比及高倍率放电，成为目前唯一能大批量生成的电动汽车用电池。镍镉电池和镍氢电池虽然性 能好于铅酸电池，但是其性价比不高，含重金属，用完遗弃后对环境会造成严重污染。目前，越来越多的研究人员选用锂离子电池作为电动汽车的动力电池，因为锂离子动力电池有以下优点：工作电压高（是镍镉电池氢-镍电池的3倍）； 比能量大（可达165WH/，是氢镍电池的3倍）；体积小；质量轻；循环寿命长；自放电率低；无记忆效应；无污染等。如果采用锂离子电池，电动汽车成本 难以降低。磷酸铁锂电池也是一种锂电池，其比能量不
40、到钴酸锂电池的一半，但是其安全性高，循环次数能达到2000次，放电稳定，价格便宜，成为车用动力新 的选择。比亚迪提出的“铁电池”由于官方没有透露确切消息，业界人士认为其为磷酸铁锂电池的可能性较大，高铁电池的可能性较小。高铁电池就是以高价铁盐 阴极材料如：高铁酸钡、高铁酸钾构成的水系电化学电池体系。首次提出高铁酸盐作正极材料的是以色列科学家，但是高铁电池稳定性及安全性很差，应用研究进展 非常缓慢，目前还处于初步研究阶段。表1 各种车用电池的性能比较电池类型 能量（Wh/kg）功率（W/kg）能量密度（Wh/L）循环寿命（次）铅酸电池3513090500镍镉电池5517094500镍氢电池8022
41、51431000锂离子电池1201803601200磷酸铁锂电池120902102000燃料电池50060充电系统对于实际的电动汽车而言是不可缺少的支撑系统，同时电力企业作为关系国家能源战略和国民经济命脉的国有骨干企业，大力推动电动汽车的发展、充电站桩的建设具有重大意义。4.充电桩发展情况(1)、国外发展现状及相关政策新能源汽车替代传统燃料汽车，也许只是时间问题。随着油价高企、能源日益短缺，以节能环保为标志的新型汽车呼之欲出，世界各国对电动汽车、太阳能汽车、混合动力汽车等新能源汽车的热情高涨。各国纷纷加快发展新能源汽车的步伐，上至政府、下至企业，都在开足马力发展这种车型及其配套设施。在金融危机
42、下，它更成为拉动汽车产业、刺激经济复苏的重要一环。电动汽车、在众新能源汽车大战中脱颖而出。要推动电动汽车在全球的普及，除了技术突破和标准统一外，相关基础设施建设也必须同步开展，像建路边加油站一样，各国都必须尽快建立起高效的“汽车充电站”网络。电动汽车充电站（桩）的建设正在全世界各国迅速铺开。 日本:据报道，以色列和日本都希望通过制订明确的电动汽车充电站建设计划，帮助电动汽车在本国早日实现商业化。日本政府表示，为普及电动汽车，政府将在三年内建千余座充电站。其中，日本东京电力公司将带头参与有关的基础建设，明年东京将率先建成200多个充电站，三年后，日本电动汽车充电站数量增加到1000个以上。日本国
43、内年产电动汽车约10万辆，日本政府计划到2030年全面普及电动汽车。法国:巴黎是最早将清洁能源汽车引入公交系统的城市。在巴黎市区有大量纯电动公交车参与公共交通运营。随着电力驱动系统的开发成熟，纯电动轿车也在巴黎市民的生活中开始扮演越来越重要的角色。当人们都开上电动汽车的时候，人们希望处处可见的便不再是加油站，而是公用电动汽车充电站了。为方便市民出行，巴黎市政府拟出了一张“充电站分布图”，市民可以轻松地根据该图找到最近的充电站。从图上可以看出充电站的排列相当密集，并且广泛地分布于城区和郊区。充电站（桩）的建设正在紧张进行。法国巴黎充电站分布图：美国:推动新能源汽车发展是奥巴马政府能源政策的组成部
44、分。日前，美国加利福尼亚州SantaMonica市政府在SantaMonica修建了一座极具未来感的太阳能充电站。该充电站服务的车辆全都是TOYOTARAV4电动车，共计39辆。另外，美国旧金山市的电动汽车充电站日前也投入使用。市长纽瑟姆重申了旧金山要成为美国电动汽车首都的目标。奥巴马明确表示，美国政府计划投入数十亿美元用来推动插入式混合动力汽车的发展，目标是在2015年有100万辆电动汽车投入使用。同时政府还投入4亿美元支持充电站等基础设施建设。德国：德国政府规划到2020年使电动汽车数量超过100万辆。为实现这一目标，在今年年初德国政府通过的500亿欧元的经济刺激计划中，很大一部分用于电动
45、汽车研发、“汽车充电站”网络建设和可再生能源开发。法国：法国政府不仅采用多项政策优惠方案，“买环保汽车享受高额补贴”等鼓励市民使用电动汽车，法国政府还将投入4亿欧元，用于包括电动汽车在内的清洁能源汽车研发。法国已经从国家政策层面准备采取配套措施，保证电动车等环保汽车的顺利运行，电力公司还将建设几百个充电站，如在工作场所、超市和住宅区等大幅增加充电站的数量，从而使充电如同加油一样便捷。电动汽车在很多国家都已经形成了一定的规模，各国政府都在大力扶持大型汽车集团的同时，制定了环保和节能法规，采取投资税收优惠、政府补贴促进消费的政策，以“双P”战略即用Push(推)和Pull(拉)两种力量推动电动汽车
46、产业的发展、促进电动汽车充电站（桩）配套基础设施的建设。(2)、国内发展现状及相关政策多年来，国家政策引导下，我国在电动汽车、充电电池、直流电机等领域取得了突破性进展， 国内多家汽车公司，如比亚迪，万向集团，上汽，奇瑞等均研发出电动汽车，并在奥运场馆、多个城市的公交线路已经投入运行。电动汽车研发技术已经趋于成熟，多家汽车公司已经具备批量生产能力，多款电动汽车已经上市。与世界其他国家一样，电动汽车研发工作在我国也正在如火如荼的进行着。十五期间，国家从维护我国能源安全、改善大气环境、提高汽车工业竞争力、实现我国汽车工业的跨越式发展的战略高度考虑，设立 电动汽车重大科技专项，通过组织企业、高等院校和
47、科研机构，集中国家、地方、企业、高校、科研院所等方面的力量进行联合攻关。为此，从2001年10月起，国家共计拨款8.8亿元作为这一重大科技专项的经费。而且在电动汽车的关键技术领域获得了重大突破，已经具备产业化，商业化的能力。为了推动电动汽车产业化的进程，2009年3月20日，汽车产业调整和振兴规划正式发布。规划表示，要启动国家节能和新能源汽车示范工程，由中央财政安排资金给予补贴，支持大中城市示范推广混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车、燃料电池汽车等节能和新能源汽车，建立电动汽车快速充电网络，加快停车场等公共场所公用充电设施建设。与此同时推出“十城千辆”电动汽车示范应用工程，计划将用3年左右的时间，每年发
48、展10个城市，每个城市推出1000辆包括混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车在内的新能源汽车开展试运行，（涉及这些大中城市的公交、出租、公务、市政、邮政等领域）。目前，北京、上海、重庆、长春、大连、杭州、济南、武汉、深圳、合肥、长沙、昆明、南昌等13个城市入选参与“十城千辆”计划。2009年底召开的国务院常务会议决定，将节能与新能源汽车示范推广试点城市由13个扩大到20个，选择5个城市进行对私人购买节能与新能源汽车给予补贴试点。 为推进我国节能环保汽车的技术进步，促进汽车工业产业升级，国务院颁布汽车产业调整振兴规划细则，“逐步实现国产电动汽车产销规模”堪称是对纯电动车产业化的最大支持。其中，3年内中央将投资100亿元专项资金，发展新能源汽车及车用电池组等关键技术，逐步实现国产电动汽车产销规模，总体形成国内50万辆电动、油电混合动力等新能源汽车产能；推动纯电动汽车、充电式混合动力汽车及其关键零部件的产业化，掌握新能源汽车的专用发动机和动力模块的优化设计技术、规模生产工艺和成本控制技术。掌握新能源汽车的专用发动机和动力模块的优化设计技术、规模生产工艺和成本控制技术。建立动力模块生产体系，形成10亿安时(Ah)车用高性能单体动力电池生产能力，发展普通型混合动力汽车和新燃料汽车专用部件，建立电动汽车快速充电网络
