1、Unit2SpaceinvadersLanguagework1/43snake:v.(CET4 TEM4)move in a twisting way蜿蜒行进文学性Detailed reading1 snakee.g.The train was snaking its way through the mountains.Theroadsnakedthroughforestedmountains.这条路蜿蜒穿过树林覆盖群山。Detailed readingSynonym:meander2/43inch:v.(CET4TEM4)move very slowly and carefully 迟缓地移
2、动;使迟缓地移动Detailed reading1 inchDetailed readinge.g.Howard inched forward in the crowd.He inched his way through the narrow passage.aclimberinchingupaverticalwallofrock.一个沿着陡峭岩壁迟缓往上攀登人。Heinchedthevanforward.他驾着厢式货车缓缓前行。3/43Detailed reading1-in mild annoyancein mild annoyance:with a little anger or imp
3、atience mild:a.not very great in degreee.g.We looked at each other in mild astonishment.Detailed readingSynonym:slight4/43Detailed reading1-sidlesidle:v.(TEM8)walk in a timid manner,esp.sideways or obliquely 1.侧移，侧身而行2.偷偷地走动：Detailed readinge.g.A man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket fo
4、r the match.5/43Detailed reading1-scribblescribble:TEM4 1)v.write or draw(sth.)carelessly or hurriedly 草草地写 e.g.He scribbled a note to his sister before leaving.She scribbled down her phone number and pushed it into his hand.Throughout the interview,the journalists scribbled away furiously.Detailed
5、readingSynonym:scrawl2)n.U,sing.careless and untidy writing 潦草字迹;胡乱涂画e.g.How do you expect me to read this scribble?ImsorrywhatIwrotewassuchascribble.很抱歉我写东西太潦草了。6/43Detailed reading1-shuffleshuffle:v.(TEM8)walk by dragging ones feet along or without lifting them fully from the ground 拖着脚走 Detailed
6、readinge.g.He slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.A fat woman was shuffling along with a pushchair.Collocations:shuffle sth.off:avoid talking or thinking about sth.because it is not considered important 推卸；摆脱shuffle out of sth.:try to avoid some unpleasant task by acting dishonestlye.g
7、.He shuffled the question off and changed the topic.e.g.I mistrust the way in which they shuffle out of sustained efforts.Heisabletoshuffle out ofthedifficulty.他能狡猾地摆脱困境。7/43Detailed reading1-SlinkySlinky:n.A Slinky(“灵巧鬼”，一个用软弹簧做成会翻跟头玩具)is a coil-shaped spring invented by mechanical engineer Richard
8、 James in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.Slinkys come in various sizes and shapes.They can“walk”down stairs as the coils stretch and reform as gravity moves them down each step,the springs momentum causing it to spill end over end from one step to the next.Detailed reading8/43Detailed reading2-ringring:n
9、.a quality,or an impression of having the quality that is mentioned 感觉e.g.Her story had a ring of truth about it.The books he mentioned had a familiar ring about them.=（it seems familiar）Detailed reading9/43gratifying:a.(TEM8)giving pleasure or satisfaction令人满意 Detailed reading2 gratifyinge.g.The ne
10、w plan may be gratifying to the President.Detailed readingDerivations:gratify v.;gratification n.V-TIfyouare gratifiedbysomething,itgivesyoupleasureorsatisfaction.使高兴;使满意正式Mr.Dambarwasgratifiedbyhisresponse.他回复使丹巴尔先生感到满意。Wetookachanceandwevewon.Itsverygratifying.我们碰了碰运气而且赢了。这真令人高兴。.V-TIfyougratifyyo
11、urownoranotherpersonsdesire,youdowhatisnecessarytopleaseyourselforthem.满足(愿望)正式Wegratifiedourfriendscuriosity.我们满足了朋友好奇心。4.GratificationN-UNCOUNT满足10/43penetrate CET4 1.V-TIfsomethingorsomeonepenetratesaphysicalobjectoranarea,theysucceedingettingintoitorpassingthroughit.进入;穿透X-rayscanpenetratemanyob
12、jects.X射线能穿透很多物体。Theypenetratedintotheterritorywherenomanhadevergonebefore.Thesunsradiationpenetratestheskin.Thethickwallspreventedpenetrationbydebrisfromthehurricane.一堵堵厚墙阻挡了飓风带来碎片穿透。penetrationN-UNCOUNT进入;穿透2.V-TIfsomeonepenetratesanorganization,agroup,oraprofession,theysucceedinenteringitalthough
13、itisdifficulttodoso.(排除困难)进入.thecontinuingfailureofwomentopenetratethehigherlevelsofengineering.女性跻身工程业较高层级连续失败。11/433.V-TIfsomeonepenetratesanenemygrouporarivalorganization,theysucceedinjoiningitinordertogetinformationorcausetrouble.打入(敌对组织)TheCIAhadrequestedourhelptopenetrateadrugringoperatingouto
14、fMunich.中情局曾要求我们帮助打入在慕尼黑外活动一个贩毒团伙。4.V-TIfacompanyorcountrypenetratesamarketorarea,theysucceedinsellingtheirproductsthere.打入(某市场或地域)商业12/43Detailed reading3wedgeThe people sitting close to me wedged me into the corner.Open the door wide and wedge it with a pad of newspaper.Wedgetheplugintothehole.把塞子
15、塞进洞里。e.g.Detailed readingwedge:v.CET6 TEM8 force into a narrow space;fix sth.in position by using a wedge or sth.else 将塞入13/43Detailed reading3 zigzagDetailed readingzigzag:CET6 TEM4We zigzagged up the hill.The narrow path zigzags up the cliff.e.g.1)v.move forward by going at an angle first to one s
16、ide,then to the other 作之字形前移2)n.a line or pattern that looks like a series of letter Ws as it bends to the left and then to the right again The path descended the hill in zigzags.e.g.3)a.only before nouna zigzag line/path/patterne.g.14/43jostle/dsl/TEM81.V-T/V-IIfpeoplejostleyou,theybumpagainstyouor
17、pushyouinawaythatannoysyou,usuallybecauseyouareinacrowdandtheyaretryingtogetpastyou.推搡;推挤Youget2,000peoplejostlingeachotherandbumpingintofurniture.你令人相互推搡并撞倒家俱。Wespentanhourjostlingwiththecrowdsaswedidourshopping.我们花了一个小时在人群中挤来挤去买东西。2.V-IIfpeopleorthingsare jostling forsomethingsuchasattentionorarew
18、ard,theyarecompetingwithotherpeopleorthingsinordertogetit.争夺.thecontenderswhohavebeenjostlingforthetopjob.一直在争夺最高职位竞争者们15/43Detailed reading3 carve outDetailed readingcarve out:establish or create sth.through painstaking effortWith months of strenuous work,the artist carved out a flower of ivory.Yea
19、rs of failures and setbacks have taught him and carved out a career for him.e.g.16/43Detailed reading3 pressDetailed readingpress:v.CET4push,move,or make(ones way)strongly,esp.in a crowd 推;挤He pressed his way through the crowd.So many people pressed round the famous actress that she couldnt get to h
20、er car.e.g.Translation:人群挤在她身边，争着要她署名。人群挤在她身边，争着要她署名。Crowds pressed round her,trying to get her autograph._17/43fidgety/fdt/1.ADJSomeonewhoisfidgetykeepsfidgeting,forexample,becausetheyarenervousorbored.烦躁;不安Ithelpsoutwhenyoureinafidgetymood.当你心情烦躁时，能够用它来发泄。18/43Detailed reading4 infuseDetailed read
21、inginfuse:v.TEMfill or cause to be filled with sth.V-TToinfuseaqualityintosomeoneorsomething,ortoinfusethemwithaquality,meanstofillthemwithit.注入(某种特征)正式Her novels are infused with sadness.e.g.Collocations:infuse into/with:fill.with.e.g.He infused eagerness into the men.His speech infused the men wit
22、h eagerness.19/43Detailed reading4 keep to oneselfDetailed readingkeep to oneself:remain private;avoid meeting other people不与人来往，不交际：She doesnt go out much;she likes to keep to herself.Theressomethingwrongwithher.Shekepttoherselfallday.她有些不大对头，一整天都不与人打交道。e.g.20/43Detailed reading5 Malthusian logicDe
23、tailed readingMalthusian logic:Thomas Robert Malthus(1766 1834),British economist and clergyman.In Essay on Population(1798)he argued that without the practice of“moral restraint”the population tends to increase at a greater rate than its means of subsistence,unless war,famine,or disease intervenes
24、or efforts are made to limit population.21/43马尔萨斯首次提出一个假设，认为人口增加“自然”倾向快于食品供给增加。所以伴随时间推移，人均食品增加率趋于下降，从而给人口增加设置了一个障碍。普通来说，伴随人口收入水平和生活标准提升，人口倾向于更加快增加。释义：马氏指出，在不受限制时，人口是按几何级数增加，而事务供给是按算术级数增加，所以，不论可能存在食物供给增加比率怎样高，未受限制人口倍增都将很快造成地球拥挤不堪。同时，马氏认为阻止超出食物供给人口增加方法通常有两种，即直接抑制（战争、饥荒和瘟疫）和预防抑制（流产、杀婴），这两种方法经常被称为“贫穷和罪恶
25、”。以后他也认为人口抑制能够经过某种“道德抑制”去实现，如晚婚和婚前禁欲。22/43Detailed reading5 wagerDetailed readingwager:v.(a more formal term for)bet 下赌注下赌注She wagered 50 on a horse.I had wagered a great deal of money that I would beat him.Theywageredalotofmoneyontherace.e.g.1)wager(sth.)(on sth.);wager sth./sb.that:bet money on st
26、h.2)wager(that):used to say that you are so confident that sth.is true or will happen that you would be willing to bet money on itIll wager that she knows more about it than shes saying.e.g.23/43trespass TEM8 1.V-IIfsomeonetrespasses,theygoontosomeoneelseslandwithouttheirpermission.私自进入Theyweretresp
27、assingonprivateproperty.他们正在私自闯进私人领地。2.N-VARTrespassistheactoftrespassing.私自进入法律Youcouldbeprosecutedfortrespass.你可能会因私自闯进而被起诉。24/43Detailed reading6 plowDetailed readingplow:v.CET4 TEM4force a way or make a track 开路：A truck plowed into the back of the bus.She plowed her way through the waiting crowd
28、s.e.g.Spelling:plow(American English)=plough(British English)25/43Detailed reading7 lamentlament:v.CET6+TEM8Ifyoulamentsomething,youexpressyoursadness,regret,ordisappointmentaboutit.感到悲痛;感到遗憾;感到失望FORMAL,WRITTENe.g.In the poem he laments the destruction of the countryside.Detailed readingSynonym:bemo
29、ane.g.She shows a lamentable lack of understanding.Derivations:lamentable:a.very disappointing,regrettable 可怜，可悲lamentation:n.(formal)an expression of great sadness or disappointment26/43Detailed reading6-7 stake a claim toDetailed readingstake a claim to:make a claim to 提出全部权要求stake:v.CET4 be asser
30、tive in defining and defending a position or policy 支持；资助；打赌If something is at stake,it is being risked and might be lost or damaged if you are not successful.得失难料 If you stake something such as your money or your reputation on the result of something,you risk your money or reputation on it.以(金钱、声誉等
31、)下赌注e.g.He staked a claim to the land where hed found the gold.27/43Detailed reading6-7 annexDetailed readingannex:v.CET6+TEM4take control and possession of land,a small country,etc.,esp.by force;take without permission吞并(领土等)，强行占取(领土等)；Synonym:occupye.g.Germany annexed Austria in 1938.There are exa
32、mples of people occupying public squares and annexing the pavement next to their lands.28/43Detailed reading8 be proportional toDetailed readingbe proportional to:increase or decrease at the same rate as the other thing increases or decreases,so that there is always the same relationship between the
33、 two thingsDerivation:proportion:n.the relationship of one thing to another in size,amount,etc.e.g.The output should be proportional to the input.As a rule suicide rates are proportional to the size of the city.e.g.The room is very long in proportion to(=relative to)its width.29/43Detailed reading8
34、self-absorptionDetailed readingself-absorption:the characteristic of thinking about things concerning oneself without noticing other people or the things around him 聚精会神Derivation:self-absorbed a.30/43Detailed reading1 some tired velvet ropesome tired velvet rope(Paragraph 1)Explanation:Here,the wor
35、d“tired”means“drooping,loosened or slackened”.Detailed reading31/43Detailed reading1 until we were until we were all hugger-mugger against each other,the original lazy line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky.(Paragraph 1)Paraphrase:until we were all pushing against each other,leaving the li
36、ne in disorder.Detailed reading32/43Detailed reading2 The phraseThe phrase“personal space”has a quaint,seventies ring to it.(Paragraph 2)Paraphrase:The phrase“personal space”sounds old-fashioned and reminds one of the seventies.Detailed reading33/43Detailed reading4.Ive wondered.Ive wondered if its
37、the season:T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring(or much,much less).(Paragraph 4)Paraphrase:.it has passed through my mind that maybe the cause(of the space invasion)is the season:summer may make people want to be closer to those whose physical attraction is revealed by light summer cloth
38、ing(though it may also make them wish to move further away from those smelling unpleasantly of perspiration).Detailed reading34/43Detailed reading4 Or perhapsOr perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan is infusing so much caffeine into the already jangling locals that people can no long
39、er keep to themselves.(Paragraph 4)Paraphrase:Or perhaps the increasing coffee bars in Manhattan.attract more and more people,who are stimulated and excited by the caffeine they take in,so that they become eager to meet others and no longer want to remain in private.Detailed reading35/43Detailed rea
40、ding5 we allow we allow all kinds of invasions of personal space in private.(Humanity wouldnt exist without them.)(Paragraph 5)Paraphrase:privately we allow people with whom we have close relationships to enter our personal space in a variety of ways.(Indeed,in the absence of sexual intimacy,none of
41、 us would be here.)Detailed reading36/43Detailed reading5 The logisticsThe logistics of it vary according to geography.(Paragraph 5)Paraphrase:People in different regions are given different sizes of personal space.Detailed reading37/43Detailed reading5“Dont tread on“Dont tread on me”could have been
42、 coined only by someone with a spread.(Paragraph 5)Paraphrase:“Dont step into my space.”This could only have been invented by people who have a farm and thus a large space all their own.Detailed reading38/43Detailed reading6 The decline ofThe decline of manners has been widely lamented.(Paragraph 6)
43、Paraphrase:Many have expressed regret at the deterioration of manners.Detailed reading39/43Detailed reading7 Ive also noticedIve also noticed an increase in the ranks of what I think of as space invaders,mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny.(Paragrap
44、h 7)Paraphrase:Ive also noticed that the problem of space invasion has become more and more serious,and that space invaders,acting in the way territorial expansionists usually do,take it for granted that they have the right to seize public space.Detailed reading40/43Detailed reading6-7.individuals r
45、outinely.individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes.(Paragraph 7)Paraphrase:.individuals,as usual,occupy the booths and seats which are designed for four people.Detailed reading41/43Detailed reading8 personal space personal space is psychological,not physica
46、l:it has less to do with the space outside us than with our inner space.(Paragraph 8)Paraphrase:.personal space is more a psychological matter than a physical one.As far as we feel comfortable in our mind,it does not matter whether our physical personal space is large or small.Detailed reading42/43D
47、etailed reading9 In the sameIn the same way that the breeze from a butterflys wings in Japan may eventually produce a tidal wave in California,I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space.(Paragraph 9)Paraphrase:The author hopes that his own stand against the shrinking of personal space,while small in itself,will nonetheless eventually have a dramatic effect in the same way as the breeze from a butterflys wings in Japan,if it initiates a chain of waves,may eventually produce a tidal wave in California.Detailed reading43/43
