1、ENGLISH FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE Instructor:Juan CHEN 陈陈 娟娟 School of SoftwareUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China第1页任课教师任课教师陈娟陈娟博士（英国博士（英国Bradford大学）大学）电子科技大学讲师电子科技大学讲师研究方向：数字媒体处理研究方向：数字媒体处理邮箱：邮箱：chenjuanhotmail.co.uk第2页考查方式：考查方式：（1 1）写一篇英文自我介绍（）写一篇英文自我介绍（200200个词以上）个词以上）（2 2）写一篇介绍计
2、算机题材论文（）写一篇介绍计算机题材论文（500500个词以上）个词以上）注意事项：注意事项：缺缺1/31/3以上课程，不给成绩以上课程，不给成绩。剽窃将通不过剽窃将通不过。Word Word 电子档和电子档和打印后纸质档，于最终一节课后提交。打印后纸质档，于最终一节课后提交。教学及考查方式教学及考查方式主要教学方式：主要教学方式：（1 1）经过阅读通俗计算机文件，来了解计算机专）经过阅读通俗计算机文件，来了解计算机专业词汇。业词汇。（2 2）课后巩固练习。）课后巩固练习。第3页英文自我介绍英文自我介绍(Self-introduction)(Self-introduction)学习背景（学习背
3、景（Education Background）工作经历（工作经历（Working Experiences）当前从事工作或学习概况（当前从事工作或学习概况（current work or study）兴趣和兴趣（兴趣和兴趣（interests and habits）工作、学习或生活方面计划（工作、学习或生活方面计划（Plan for future work,study or life）第4页介绍计算机题材论文介绍计算机题材论文开发式题目：对开发式题目：对.探讨探讨Discussions on Internet/QQ charting tool/QQ games/Email box/databas
4、e/network/software development/management system/第5页介绍计算机题材论文介绍计算机题材论文选题背景（选题背景（Background）与你工作、学习相关，是你感兴趣方面与你工作、学习相关，是你感兴趣方面对该技术或软件介绍（对该技术或软件介绍（A brief introduction to）使用方法，功效，你体验使用方法，功效，你体验结论（结论（Conclusion）你对现有技术或软件评价，哪些地方需要深入你对现有技术或软件评价，哪些地方需要深入改进改进第6页教学及考查方式教学及考查方式本门课内容主要包括：本门课内容主要包括：（1 1）相关计算机各
5、大领域通用英语词汇。如：计）相关计算机各大领域通用英语词汇。如：计算机结构、软件、数据库、网络、安全、多媒体等。算机结构、软件、数据库、网络、安全、多媒体等。（2 2）惯用科技英文数量表示法。如：数量、几何、）惯用科技英文数量表示法。如：数量、几何、质量等。质量等。（3 3）惯用科技英文概念描述法。如：定语、状语）惯用科技英文概念描述法。如：定语、状语等从句。等从句。（4 4）网络时代惯用科技英文及词汇翻译方法。如：）网络时代惯用科技英文及词汇翻译方法。如：baidubaidu、GoogleGoogle、维基百科、维基百科 WikipediaWikipedia。计算机英语实用教程计算机英语实用
6、教程（第三版），刘兆毓，郑家农等编著，清华大学出版社，（第三版），刘兆毓，郑家农等编著，清华大学出版社，计算机专业英语计算机专业英语，刘乃琦，电子科技大学出版社，刘乃琦，电子科技大学出版社，19981998第7页CHAPTER 1PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER ORGANIZATION 1.1 COMPUTER HARDWARE第8页1.1 COMPUTER HARDWARE Main point:Function of computer Organization of computer Hardware Type of computer Main Performance of
7、computer Expression of large or small quantities of space or time第9页 We build computer to solve problems.Early computer solved mathematical and engineering problems,and later computers emphasized information processing for business applications.Today,computers also control machines as diverse as aut
8、omobile engines,robots,and microwave ovens.A computer system solves a problem from any of these domains by accepting input,processing it,and producing output.Figure 1-1 illustrates the function of a computer system.InputOutputProcessingFigure 1-1 The three activities of a computer system第10页 Compute
9、r systems consist of hardware and software.Hardware is the physical part of the system.Once designed,hardware is difficult and expensive to change.Software is the set of programs that instruct the hardware and is easier to modify than hardware.Computers are valuable because they are general-purpose
10、machines that can solve many different kinds of problems,as opposed to special-purpose machines that can each solve only one kind of problem.原因状语从句原因状语从句定语从句定语从句状语状语定语从句定语从句第11页?1 Explain the difference between general-purpose machines and special-purpose machines Point the purposes of computer Diff
11、erent problems can be solved with the same hardware by supplying the system with a different setof instructions,that is,with different software.第12页 Every computer has four basic hardware components:Input devices Output devices Main memory Central processing unit(CPU)Figure 1-2 shows these component
12、s in a block diagram.第13页The lines between the blocks represent the flow of information flows from one component to another on the bus,which is simply a group of wires connecting the components.1 Processing occurs in the CPU and main memory.The organization in Figure 1-2,with the components connecte
13、d to each other by the bus,is common.However,other configurations are possible as well.?2 How many components are used to build a computer?List them非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句第14页 Computer hardware is often classified by its relative physical size:Small microcomputer;Medium minicomputer;Large mainframe.Inputde
14、vicesCentralprocessing unitMainmemoryOutputdevicesBusFig.1-2 Block diagram of the four components of a computer system 第15页 Just the CPU of a mainframe often occupies an entire cabinet.Its input/output(I/O)devices and memory might fill an entire room.Microcomputers can be small enough to fit on a de
15、sk or in a briefcase.As technology advances,the amount of processing previously possible only on large machines becomes possible on smaller machines.Microcomputers now can do much of the work that only minicomputers or mainframes could do in the past.时间状语从句时间状语从句定语从句定语从句第16页?3 Describe the classific
16、ation of computers according to its physical size The classification just described is based on physical size as opposed to storage size.A computer system user is generally more concerned with storage size,because that is a more direct indication of the amount of useful work that the hardware can pe
17、rform.原因状语从句原因状语从句定语从句定语从句第17页Speed of computation is another characteristic that is important to the user.Generally speaking,users want a fast CPU and large amounts of storage,but a physically small machine for the I/O devices and main memory.When computer scientists study problems,therefore,they a
18、re concerned with space and time-the space necessaryinside a computer system to store a problem and the time required to solve it.They commonly use the metric prefixes of Table 1-1 to express large or small quantities of space or time.第18页?4 What are Main performances of computer?.MultiplePrefixAbbr
19、ev.109giga-G106mega-M103kilo-K10-3milli-m 10-6micro-10-9nano-nTable 1-1 Prefixes for powers of 10.第19页The International System of Units(SI，国际单位制，国际单位制)specifies a set of unit prefixes known as SI prefixes or metric prefixes (courtesy of wikipedia)国际单位制词头国际单位制词头 第20页 Example Suppose it takes 4.5 micr
20、oseconds,also written 4.5 s,to transfer some information across the bus from one component to another.(a)How many seconds are required for the transfer?(b)How many transfers can take place during one minute?2 (a)A time of 4.5s is 4.510-6 from Table 1-1 or 0.000 004 5 s.(b)Because there are 60 second
21、s in one minute,the number of times the transfer can occur is(60 s)/(0.000 004 5 s/transfer)or 13 300 000 transfers.同位语同位语第21页Note that since the original value was given with two significant figures,the result should not be given to more than two or three significant figures.宾语从句宾语从句第22页 Table 1-1
22、shows that in the metric system the prefix kilo-is 1 000 and mega-is 1 000 000.But in computer science,a kilo-is 210 or 1024.The different between 1 000 and 1 024 is less than 3%,so you can think of a computer science kilo-as being about 1 000 even though it is a little more.The same applies to mega
23、-and giga-,as in Table 1-2.This time,the approximation is a little worse,but for mega-it is still within 5%.宾语从句宾语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句第23页Table 1-2 Computer science values of the large prefixes.Prefix Computer science value tera-240=1,099,511,627,776 DVD movies:250 giga-230=1,073,741,824 DVD:4
24、G mega-220=1,048,576 camera picture:1-10M kilo-210=1,024 word,ppt,exel:10-500k?5 Remember prefixes for power of 10 in Table 1-1第24页 NOTES 1 总线不但仅是一组线缆，它还包含一些逻辑 电路。此处是一个形象说法，相关总线概 念请见本章1.6节。2 因为没有给出总线宽度，故每次传送能够理 解为每秒钟或每分钟所传送字节数、位数 等。NOTES第25页KEYWORDS computer 计算机 information processing 信息处理 hardware
25、硬件 software 软件 program 程序 generalpurpose machine 通用（计算）机 specialpurpose machine 专用（计算）机 instruction 指令 set of instruction 指令集，指令系统第26页 input device 输入设备 output device 输出设备 main memory 主存放器 central processing unit(CPU)中央处理器 bus 总线 microcomputer 微型计算机 Minicomputer 小型计算机 mainframe 主机，特大型机第27页1.Multiple
26、 choices.1.Multiple choices.(1)When we store a problem into a computer (1)When we store a problem into a computer ,is necessary.is necessary.a.a.space space b.b.time time c.c.input device input device d.d.output device output device (2)Early computer solved (2)Early computer solved problems.problems
27、.a.a.control control b.b.business applications business applications c.c.engineering engineering d.d.mathematical mathematical a,cc,dEXERCISES第28页(3)(3)We We can can use use prefix prefix micro micro to to expressexpress .a.a.time metric time metric b.b.space metric space metric c.c.both time and sp
28、ace metrics both time and space metrics d.d.10 10-6-6(4)We can say a bus is simply(4)We can say a bus is simply .a.a.a group of wires a group of wires b.b.a wire a wire c.c.a 8 a 8bit bus bit bus d.d.a 16-bit bus a 16-bit busa,da,c,d第29页 (5)A computer system user generally more (5)A computer system
29、user generally more cares for cares for .a.a.physical size of the computer physical size of the computer b.b.storage size storage size c.c.speed of computation speed of computation d.d.efficiency of the computer efficiency of the computer (6)According to the physical size of computers we can classif
30、y the computers into .a.microcomputer b.minicomputer c.mainframe d.supercomputerb,c,da,b,c,d第30页 (7)Prefix“mega”used for computer science is .a.larger than 10106 6 b.smaller than 10106 6 c.equal to 22020 d.1 048 576 (8)The basic hardware components of any computer include .a.CPU b.main memory c.input devices d.output devices c,da,b,c,d第31页
