1、Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-1Chapter 3:Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively1Developing Management SkillsCopyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-2Learning ObjectivesIncrease proficiency in analytic problem solvingRecognize person
2、al conceptual blocksEnhance creativity by overcoming conceptual blocksFoster innovation among others2Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-3A Model of Problem SolvingStep 1:Define the ProblemDifferentiate fact from opinionSpecify underlying causesTap everyone involved for
3、 informationState the problem explicitlyIdentify what standard is violatedDetermine whose problem it isAvoid stating the problem as a disguised solution3Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-4A Model of Problem SolvingStep 2:Generate Alternative SolutionsPostpone evaluati
4、ng alternativesBe sure all involved individuals generate alternativesSpecify alternatives that are consistent with goalsSpecify both short-and long-term solutionsBuild on others ideas Specify alternatives that solve the problem4Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-5A Mod
5、el of Problem SolvingStep 3:Evaluate and Select an AlternativeEvaluate relative to an optimal standardEvaluate systematicallyEvaluate relative to goalsEvaluate main effects and side effectsState the selected alternative explicitly5Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-6A
6、Model of Problem SolvingStep 4:Implement and Follow Up on the SolutionImplement at proper time and in the right sequenceProvide opportunities for feedbackEngender acceptanceEstablish ongoing monitoring systemEvaluate based on problem solution6Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prenti
7、ce Hall3-7Constraints on the Analytical Problem-Solving Model Defining the problemsLack of consensus on the problemAcceptance of problem definitionSymptoms are often confused with the real problemConfusing information7Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-8Constraints on
8、the Analytical Problem-Solving ModelGenerating AlternativesAlternatives are evaluated as they are proposedFew possible alternatives are usually knownThe first acceptable solution is usually acceptedAlternatives are based on what was successful in the past8Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publish
9、ing as Prentice Hall3-9Constraints on the Analytical Problem-Solving ModelEvaluating and Select an AlternativeInformation on alternatives is limitedSearch for information occurs close to homeThe type of information is constrained by other factorsGathering information is costlyPreferences for the bes
10、t alternatives are not always known9Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-10Constraints on the Analytical Problem-Solving ModelImplementation and Follow upAcceptance is not always forthcomingResistance to changeUncertainty about what part of solution to monitorPolitical a
11、nd organizational processes must be managedIt may take a long time to implement a solution10Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-11Impediments to Creative Problem SolvingMost people assume creativity is one dimensionalAlmost everyone has created blocks that inhibit our c
12、reativity11Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-12Four Types of CreativityInsert Figure 3.112Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-13Key Dimensions of the Four TypesInsert Figure 3.213Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice
13、 Hall3-14Examples for Four Types14Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-15Conceptual BlocksMental obstacles that constrain the way problems are defined.15Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-16Two Examples1.Percy Spencers Magnetron led to the
14、invention of the microwave2.Spence Silvers Glue led to the development of the enormously popular Post-It Notes16Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-17Conceptual Blocks1.Constancy2.Commitment3.Compression4.Complacency17Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as P
15、rentice Hall3-18deBonos Ways of ThinkingVertical ThinkingContinuityChoosesStabilitySearches for what is rightAnalyticWhere the idea came fromDevelops an ideaLateral ThinkingDiscontinuityChangesInstabilitySearches for what is differentProvocativeWhere the idea is goingDiscovers the idea18Copyright 20
16、23 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-19Multiple Thinking LanguagesWordsSymbolsSensory(i.e.smell)Feelings and emotionsVisual imagery19Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-20Multiple Thinking LanguagesThe more languages available to problem solvers,the mor
17、e creative the solution will be.20Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-21The Matchstick Configuration21Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-22Perceptual StereotypingWhen individuals define present problems in terms of problems that they have faced in the past.22Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-23Shakespeare Riddle23Copyright 2023 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall3-24Questions?24Whats due next?
