1、.初二英语上学期期末考试试题I. 请从第II栏中找出第I栏各单词的英语解释。(5分) I II 1. loudly A. door or gate 2. entrance B. more than 3. dishonest C. in a loud voice 4. over D. not honest 5. boring E. uninteresting II. 单项选择。(10分) 6. He is getting _ to hear the _ words. A. boring; boring B. bored; boring C. bored; bored D. boring; bor
2、ed 7. I think Maths is _ of all my subjects. A. much difficult one B. difficult one C. most difficult one D. the most difficult one 8. Li Ming spends a lot of time _ some sports every day. A. on doing B. do C. to do D. in doing 9. We will climb the hill if it _ tomorrow. A. doesnt rain B. wont rain
3、C. not rains D. is not going to rain 10. It rained; _ the football match was postponed (延期). A. because B. or C. therefore D. but III. 根据句意用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。(10分) 11. Can I have something _ (drink)? 12. How far _ John _(live) from his school? 13. What _ he (do) next Sunday? 14. Many soldiers _ (lose)
4、their lives in that battle (战役). 15. I heard them _(sing) the popular song in the next room. IV. 同义句转换,每空一词。(10分) 16. a. Why not go there by bike? b._ _ _ there by bike? 17. a. Kate looks like her father. b. Kate and her father _ _ _. 18. a. I like playing volleyball best. b. Volleyball is _ _ _. 19
5、. a. I dont think learning French is useful. b. I think learning French _ _. 20. a. Get up quickly, and you can catch the early bus. b. _ you _ _ _ quickly, you will miss the early bus. V. 完成句子,每空一词。(10分) 21. 咱们俩合用这间卧室好吗? Will you please _ the bedroom _me? 22. 林涛不如我跑得快。 Lin Tao doesnt run _ _ _ me.
6、23. 你能就如何学习英语给我提些建议吗? Can you give me _ _ _ how to learn English? 24. 我们在一起交谈总是过得很愉快。 We always _ _ _ _ talking to each other. 25. 美国英语和英国英语有所不同。 American English is quite _ _ British English. VI. 完形填空。(10分) 根据文章意思和所给首字母提示填空。 Is it p_(26) to send a letter to someone anywhere in the world without put
7、ting a s_(27) on it? It is easy to do so. Using c_(28) you can send e-mail quickly and easily. If you have an e-mail a_(29), you can write, send and receive messages. E-mail is the most inexpensive way to communicate(沟通) with your f_(30). You can send m_(31) at any time of day or night to people all
8、 over the world without paying for a long-distance call. You can send the s_ (32) message to fifty people or more. It doesnt m (33) if your friends are in bed when you send e-mail to them, or you are seeing a f_(34) at the cinema when they send e-mail back. Many schools give e-mail addresses to thei
9、r s_(35). E-mail addresses are becoming popular. VII. 阅读理解。(10分) 根据文章内容判断正(T) 误(F)。 April Fools Day is on April 1st. People can play jokes on others on this special day. If you succeed, you usually laugh and say April Fool! The person fooled by you laughs too, and he will not be angry with you. Moth
10、ers Day is on the second Sunday of May. Its a day to thank mothers. On that day mothers usually get flowers and cards from their children. Fathers and children do the housework so that mothers can have a good rest. Easter Day falls on the first Sunday after the full moon which is on or after March 2
11、1st. Its also called Easter Sunday. It is said that on that day Jesus Christ comes back to life. Many people go to church and children often get presents such as toy rabbits. Thanksgiving Day is on the fourth Thursday in November. Its a day when people give thanks for the good things in life. Usuall
12、y families get together and have a big dinner. Christmas Day comes on December 25th. Its the most important festival in a year. The beautiful things are everywhere. People exchange presents, send Christmas cards and visit friends. 36. You can play jokes on others on April FoolsDay. 37. Mothers Day i
13、s on the second Saturday in May. 38. Easter Day is always on March 21st. 39. People usually have a big dinner with their families on Thanksgiving Day. 40. Fathers must do the housework on Mothers Day. VIII. 书面表达。(15分) 假设周宁是你最要好的朋友,下面是其个人简介: 相貌:高个,英俊 学习:功课很好,擅长英语,口语流利 爱好:喜欢踢足球,是校队队员,崇拜贝克汉姆 梦想:成为一名出色的
14、足球运动员 性格:很随和(easygoing),容易相处 根据上面所提供的材料以 My Best Friend为题写一篇80-100词的短文。 上学期期末测试题（一）参考答案 I. 1-5 CADBE II. 6-10 BDDAC III. 11. to drink 12. does, live 13. is, going to do / will, do 14. lost 15. singing IV. 16.What about going 17. look the same 18. my favourite sport 19. is useless 20. If, dont get up
15、 V. 21. share, with 22. as fast as 23. some advice on 24. have a great/good time 25. different from VI. 26. possible 27. stamp 28. computers 29. address 30. friends 31. messages 32. same 33. matter 34. film 35. students VII. 36-40 TFFTF VIII. One possible version: My Best Friend I have a best friend
16、 named Zhou Ning. Zhou Ning is a tall and handsome boy. Zhou Ning does well in his subjects. He is good at English. His spoken English is very fluent. Zhou Ning likes sports very much. He likes playing football best. He is on our school football team. Beckham is his favourite football player. His dr
17、eam is to be a famous football player. Zhou Ning is very easygoing and friendly. He often helps others. Dear readers, do you want to make friends with Zhou Ning? .盐酸反应时，产生H2由多到少的顺序是：AlMgFeZn(即相对原子质量越小，产生的H2越多)（2）四种金属分别与足量的稀盐酸反应时，产生等质量H2，则消耗四种金属的质量由多到少的顺序是：AlMgFeMgFeZn。六、反应条件：1、复分解反应的条件生成物中有沉淀析出，或有气体
18、放出，或有水生成2、金属跟酸反应的条件3、在金属活动性顺序表中，金属要排在氢前。浓硫酸、硝酸跟金属反应不能生成氢气。铁发生置换反应时，生成2价的铁的化合物。4、金属跟盐反应的条件（1）在金属活动性顺序表中，单质的金属要比盐中金属活泼。（2）反应物中的盐要可溶。（3）K、Ca、Na、Ba等金属跟盐反应不能生成另一种盐和另一种金属。盐跟盐反应的条件反应物都要可溶，生成物要有沉淀。盐跟碱反应的条件反应物都要可溶，生成物要有沉淀或气体。七、熟记常见物质的俗称和化学式：生石灰CaO熟石灰Ca(OH)2 石灰石、大理石CaCO3食盐NaCl 火碱、烧碱、苛性钠NaOH纯碱、苏打Na2CO3 小苏打NaHC
19、O3铁锈、赤铁矿Fe2O3 赤铁矿Fe3O4金刚石、石墨C干冰CO2冰H2O 天然气（甲烷）CH4酒精（乙醇）C2H5OH 醋酸（乙酸）CH3COOH蓝矾CuSO45H2O 绿矾FeSO47H2O明矾KAl（SO4）212H2O.飹鬀飹飹!圇艀蓧倀偐!騡圆蝀蓧倀鼀犚鎂【!艁圃蝇脦İ鎂!倀艁圃假蜼脧飋S鎂İS鎇【!辽2觭!艁圃繇芿自裿İ憈鎂!艁圃衇蝡脿鎂縗!怀艁圃乐覕姂舩錯膓偗镎鎇錯!圊桐與语!軈!1#圊桐蜇蟭!【圅桐簇苻渶菋灐!迭蠡偗鎇针!圅艑莇!圊艗蝱颞!腐块鎇!艁圄捚舁脍艁圃捚蜁脍婗鎂琔髎!艁圃靚仧戍蟔琔腴颚İ字鎂鴳!圅艝崵菔!圄蝝崵苀蠀恗鎂战鲬!艁圃蝠战腢颜恗鎂!圄葠蜽苐言飿慗鎂袬袼袞袟
20、袟袯裟裯鸀颈题题輀颉颉飙飿餀鴀!、怰偐圊蝡末诫!茡!飼!規!觟!2鷝!#【圆幡芦末舥慗鎇賜!脀慗厐鎂朻偀!圄遡蝓鄻艧騀摗鎂鄈!鄀晗鎂阎!艁圃煦蜶阎膖袯桗鎂!艁圃蝨臠谀İ艗鎂骉!圊皂苴讥1!骹飪騀飪飪言颟瀀倰恀圊皂蟴讥!骹飪騀飪飪言颟圅纂芿鈕艌髉!圄纂螿鈕艌颚飪荗鎂裫裼裎颎劸鰐颯颿飯爙鬀!鸀鸐鄠倀荗鎇裫裼裎颎劸鰐颯颿飯爙鬀!鸀鸐【圊芋尽!刡颋飛颼飌飬跾!躾!飪!躩!鳈!跙!黮!堀恐恀偐瀠D圊螋尽邓愀琀!飪!1!賜1跙!黮!1恀譗鎂甊N袝飘飫苹!見!辎!灀怰倰瀠.离子检验方法现象H+滴入紫色石蕊试液石蕊试液变红色Ba2+加入H2SO4 （SO42- 起作用）产生白色沉淀Ag+加入HCl（Cl- 起
21、作用）产生白色沉淀NH4+加入NaOH溶液加热（OH- 起作用）产生使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝的刺激性气味气体Cu2+加入NaOH溶液（OH- 起作用）有蓝色沉淀生成（Cu2+在溶液中通常显蓝色）Fe3+加入NaOH溶液（OH- 起作用）有红褐色沉淀生成（Fe3+在溶液中通常显黄色）OH-滴入酚酞试液酚酞试液变红色SO42-加入Ba(NO3)2溶液和稀硝酸（Ba2+ 起作用）生成白色沉淀，该沉淀不溶于稀硝酸Cl-加入AgNO3溶液和稀硝酸（Ag+ 起作用）生成白色沉淀，该沉淀不溶于稀硝酸CO32-加入盐酸，放出的气体通入澄清石灰水（H+ 起作用）放出的气体可使澄清石灰水变浑浊初中化学常见的几种题
22、型总结知识要点：1. 除杂题：解答除杂质一类的题目时，要注意三原则；三要领；五种常用的方法。三原则：不引入新杂质；不减少被提纯物质的质量；杂质便于分离。三要领：根据物理性质或化学性质的差异；确定除杂质方法；选择适宜试剂。除杂质思路分析方法：（1）沉淀法：加入一种试剂将被除去的杂质变为沉淀，再用过滤法除去。（2）化气法：加热或加入一种试剂将杂质变为气体逸出。（3）置换法：利用置换反应的原理将杂质除去。（4）转纯法：将被除去的杂质变为提纯的物质。（5）吸收法：常用于气体的提纯。 在掌握了以上除杂质的原则、要领、方法后，解答题目时要审清题目要求，分析理顺思路且与题目要求吻合，才能准确解题。2. 混合
23、物的分离：（1）可溶性与难溶性物质的混合物常用溶解、过滤、蒸发三步操作加以分离，分别得到纯净物。如：粗盐的提纯；BaSO4和Na2SO4的混合物。（2）两种物质均溶于水，但两种物质的溶解度一种随温度变化大，另一种变化不大时，可考虑结晶法。即冷却热饱和溶液的方法加以分离。如：NaCl和KNO3的混合物。（3）两种物质均溶于水时，可考虑用化学方法分离。如BaCl2和NaCl的混合物。可将混合物先溶于水，加入适量Na2CO3溶液，得到BaCO3和NaCl溶液。BaCl2+ Na2CO3=BaCO3+2NaCl。将沉淀过滤出，洗净后在沉淀中加入适量盐酸溶液，又得到BaCl2溶液，CO2逸出。BaCO3
24、+2HCl =BaCl2+H2O+CO2。最后分别将NaCl溶液和BaCl2溶液蒸发，分别得到纯净的NaCl固体和BaCl2固体。注意：用化学方法或用物理方法进行混合物分离时，要区别除杂质与分离物质的不同点是：除杂质时只要求把杂质除掉、保留原物质即可；而混合物分离是几种物质用一定的方法分开，原混合物中各成分都必须保留。3. 物质的鉴别：鉴别是通过化学实验将几种不同特性的物质区别开来。如鉴别两瓶无色溶液哪瓶是NaCl或KNO3。我们只要把NaCl溶液中的Cl-检验出来，即可认定NaCl溶液，另一瓶则溶液.（1）常见离子鉴别的特效试剂 H+和OH-：紫色石蕊试液或pH试纸。OH-：无色酚酞试液（可
25、鉴别碱性溶液）变红。Cl-：AgNO3溶液和稀HNO3有白色沉淀。SO42-：BaCl2溶液和稀HNO3有白色沉淀。CO32-：稀HCl和石灰水有CO2。NH4+：强碱溶液（NaOH）有NH3。使湿润红色石蕊试纸变蓝。 （2）特征离子关系图（3）物质鉴别的原则 操作简便：能用物理方法鉴别的不用化学方法。能用一种试剂鉴别的不用多种试剂。 现象明显：使待检物质的现象对比度较大。 防止干扰：鉴别Cl和SO42时，只能用BaCl2溶液不能用AgNO3溶液。（4）物质鉴别的思路和方法 气体鉴别：一看颜色，二用试纸，三用火点，四加试剂。 固体、液体鉴别：一看颜色，二看气体，三辨沉淀。 一种试剂的鉴别：A.
26、 几种溶液含不同阳离子时，常选用Ba（OH）2溶液或NaOH溶液做鉴别试剂。B. 几种溶液含不同阴离子时，常选用强酸做鉴别试剂。C. 几种溶液酸碱性不同时，常选用紫色石蕊做鉴别试剂。D. 几种物质是金属或金属氧化物时，常选用稀强酸做鉴别试剂。E. 一种试剂与四种溶液反应时，应是现象对比度大。多数是有沉淀、有气体，既有沉淀又有气体、沉淀颜色不同，无明显现象。F. 当给定的一种试剂不能鉴别出被检物时，可从已鉴别出的物质中找出一种试剂再鉴别。 不同试剂的鉴别：A. 观察法：根据物理性质中颜色、气味、状态、溶解性等进行鉴别。B. 热分解法：根据不同物质的热稳定性，利用产物的不同性质特征进行鉴别。C.
27、相互作用法：根据两两混合后的不同现象进行鉴别。 4. 物质的鉴定： 鉴定是根据待检物质的特性，通过不同的实验将物质的各组分逐一检验出来，从而确定某物质。鉴定与“用实验方法确定或证明”等用语意义相同。如：用化学方法证明某白色固体是硫酸铵。在鉴定时不但要用化学实验检验白色固体是否是铵盐（含NH4+），还要检验它是否是硫酸盐（含SO42）。从而确定此白色固体是（NH4）2SO4。 5. 推断题： 物质的推断是根据给出的实验步骤和现象，运用物质的特性，经过分析、推理作出正确的判断，以确定所给的未知物是什么物质，不可能是什么物质；确定混合物里或溶液里肯定有什么物质，肯定不含有什么物质，可能含有什么物质。
28、 推断题是考查化学知识的综合分析能力的一种题型。常见的有文字叙述、图表式、链条式三种形式推断题，无论哪种形式推断都必备的知识有反应规律、物理性质、化学性质、实验现象、溶解性等。在题目分析过程中，注意关键字的分析，如某物质溶于水是“生成”还是“得到”，“生成”是反应产物，“得到”既可能有反应产物，也可能有原物质。加酸沉淀溶解时有气体生成，一般有CO32-。沉淀溶解但无气体生成时，一般有OH-。部分溶解时，一定有BaSO4或AgCl等。 解推断题应注意： （1）推理分析要紧扣实验现象，思考时要层次分明。判断的结论要准确，既要明确的肯定，又要明确的否定。（2）一般情况下，与试题叙述的现象完全吻合的是“一定存在”。与现象不吻合的或有某种物质的存在使现象不正确的物质是“一定不存在”。有某种物质的存在不影响其它反应的现象或自始至终没有参与任何反应的物质是“可能存在”。常见物质的颜色的状态 1、白色固体：MgO、P2O5、CaO、 NaOH、Ca(OH)2、KClO3、KCl、Na2CO3、NaCl、无水CuSO4；铁、镁为银白色（汞为银白色液态） 2、黑色固体：石墨、炭粉、铁
