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上海市园林植物养护技术规程.doc

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1、. He goes home at four oclock. He often plays football after school. He usually does his homework at seven oclock. Ben is busy, but he is happy.My week My names Betty. I am very busy. I go to school from Monday to Friday. I play football on Monday. I play the piano on Wednesday. I go to the Chinese

2、chess club on Friday. On Saturday and Sunday , I often go to the park. I am busy, but I am happy.Bens week He is Ben. He is very busy. He goes to school from Monday to Friday. He plays football on Monday. He plays the piano on Wednesday. He goes to the Chinese chess club on Friday. On Saturday and S

3、unday , He often goes to the park. He is busy, but he is happy.My family My names Betty. Its six oclock. My mother is cooking dinner. My father is watching TV. My brother is making a model plane. He can do it very well. I am doing my homework. We are all very happy. My favourite fruit I like waterme

4、lons. Look at this watermelon. Its green outside. Its red inside. Touch it. Its hard and smooth. Smell it. Its nice. Taste it. Its sweet. I often eat the watermelons in summer. My favourite pet I like cats very much. I have a cat. Its white. Its small. Its eyes are big. Its tail is long. It can clim

5、b the tree. It likes eating cat food and fish. It likes playing with the ball. Its very cute!My favourite sport My favourite sport is swimming. I have a pair of swimming goggles, a swimsuit and a swimming cap. I do warm-up exercises before swimming. Swimming can make me healthy and happy. My favouri

6、te room My favourite room is my bedroom. My bedroom is small but clean. There is a bed near the window. There is a desk near the bed. I often do my homework on the desk. I like listening to the music in my bedroom. My shadow This is my shadow. Shes my friend. My shadow often go with me. Sometimes it

7、s long. Sometimes its short. Sometimes its in front of me. Sometimes its behind me. I like my shadow. The trees shadow In the morning, the sun rises in the morning. The trees shadow is long. Its on the lawn. At noon, the sun is high in the sky. The trees shadow grows short. Its on the bench. The sun

8、 goes down in the evening. The trees shadow grows long again. Its on the path.单纯的课本内容,并不能满足学生的需要,通过补充,达到内容的完善 教育之通病是教用脑的人不用手,不教用手的人用脑,所以一无所能。教育革命的对策是手脑联盟,结果是手与脑的力量都可以大到不可思议。.中国传统寓意图案详解 中国的传统图案大都以神话传说、民间典故等为题材,通过比拟、借喻、象征、谐音、寓意等手法表达人们对于平安、和谐、幸福生活的向往! 平步青云:青云,指高空,司马相如子虚赋:交错纠纷,上干青云。也比喻高官显位。史记范睢蔡泽列传:须贾顿首

9、言死罪,曰:贾不意君能自致于青云之上青云得路亦叫直上青云比喻仕途得意,步步高升。 春风得意:唐,孟郊登科后诗:春风得意马蹄疾,一日看尽长安花。孟郊年青时不愿为官,只爱写诗。四十岁后应试,连续两次未取,第三次才考中进士。一时兴奋,乃作此登科后诗。后来人们用春风得意称进士及第,也泛指功成利就,踌躇满志 欢天喜地:獾、喜鹊。獾,哺乳动物,又称猪獾。头尖、吻长,体毛灰色。獾与欢同音。用獾和喜鹊组成图案喻欢天喜地,这是一个喜庆词,形容有非常高兴的事情。 龙凤呈祥:龙凤呈祥。龙凤都是传说想象中的生物。不仅形象生动、优美,而且赋予许多神奇的色彩。龙能降雨祈丰收,又象征皇权。凤凰风姿绰约高贵,牵涉许多传说,在

10、人们心目中成为吉祥幸福的化身。龙凤又用来形容有才能的人。南史王僧虔传:于时王家门中,优者龙凤,劣者虎豹。龙凤呈祥图案象征高贵、华丽、祥瑞、喜庆。 年年大吉:鲶鱼,大桔子或雄鸡。鲶鱼,又叫鲇,体狭长侧扁,无鳞,滑而多黏质。大口大腹。嘴边有触须。鲶与年同音。两条鲶鱼喻年年。桔,柑桔,桔与吉谐音,喻吉利。鸡与吉谐音,亦喻吉利。年年大吉,年年都是吉利充盈 喜在眼前:喜鹊、古钱。古钱,古时用龟甲、齿贝当货币。商周以后,改用金属铸钱。有金、银、铜等,铜质货币俗称铜钱。喜鹊取一喜字、钱典前同音,喜在眼前,喜事在当前也。 百事如意:百合花或柏树,柿子或狮子,灵芝或如意。百合花,柏树喻百。柿子、狮子喻事。灵芝、

11、如意喻称心如意之如意。百事如意与万事如意、事事如意一样,指一切顺利,如愿以偿。 状元及第:冠,帽子也,冠与官同音。童子戴冠,长辈期望孩子长大有出息,科举成功,高中状元屯。骑龙,如同鲤鱼跳龙门而成龙一般,出人头地也。状元及第,即考中且高踞榜首。一年一度廷试,万中取一,自是了不起的大事,故有天上麒麟子,人间状元郎之誉。 玉树临风:玉兰花。玉兰,早春先叶开花,花大型,芳香,纯白色。是有名的观赏花,常常比喻春天。玉树,槐树也,又指珊瑚、珠玉制之树。汉书扬雄传上:翠玉树之青葱兮。此外又比喻男子才貌相全。杜甫饮中八仙歌:宗之潇洒美少年,举觞白眼望青天,蛟如玉树临风前。玉树临风图案,寓意俊才与美好也。 四季

12、平安:月季花或四季花卉如梅、兰、荷、菊等插入瓶中。月季花或四季花卉插入瓶中,曰四季平安。寓意一年四季,月月幸福平安 年年有余:用爆竹,民间玩具等寓意年节的到来。鱼与余同音,比喻生活富裕,到年节之时,家境殷实。这表达了古代人们追求年年幸福富裕生活的良好愿望。在中国,无论城乡,把这愿望形之于图画的习惯,至今未颓。过新年的时候,家家挂一张儿童抱鲤鱼的年画,既表达欢庆之情,又图来年吉利。 连生贵子:莲与连、桂与贵、笙与生同音。早在唐代铜官窑瓷器的纹饰中,就可以见到连生贵子的吉祥图案。莲蓬寓意连生,桂花寓意贵子。 吉祥如意:象,见万象更新题解,骑象与吉祥谐音。吉祥如意,喜庆吉利之词。如同古时人们互道万福

13、一样,互致吉祥如意,祈祷合家安康,福禄长久。吉祥、万象、吉庆、如意等词为中国古代具有代表性的祝颂之词。和合二圣:民间年画常绘二圣,一持荷花,一捧圆盒,盒内盛满珠宝,并飞出一串蝙蝠,寓意财富无穷尽。荷、盒与和合同音,多比喻夫妻和谐,鱼水相得。和合二圣,寓意夫妻和睦、则福禄无穷,所谓家和万事兴者也。 三星高照:三星,即指福、禄、寿三星。鹿,偶蹄类鹿科哺乳动物,种类很多,在吉祥图案中多指梅花鹿。鹿与禄同音。禄,古代称官吏的薪给为俸禄,寓财富。蟠桃,泛指西王母所居处之仙桃。三星高照寓意幸福、富裕、长寿。 翘盼福音:童子仰望飞来的蝙蝠。翘盼,急切盼望。翘盼福音又叫福从天降,表示盼望获得好消息。纳福迎祥:

14、纳福、享福、受福。是旧时见面或通信常用的问好语。纳福迎祥,吉利词,寓洪福吉祥相继而来 竹报平安:爆竹,据南北朝梁宗檩荆楚岁时记载,古时在节日或喜庆日,用火烧竹,爆裂发声,称为爆竹,以为能驱除山鬼。后人用多层纸密裹火药,接以药线,点燃即爆。唐时称爆竹。爆竹多指新年到来,爆竹一声除旧,桃符万象更新。竹报平安寓意驱除邪恶,祈祷安康。 天中辟邪:钟馗,传说故事人物。相传唐明皇于病中梦见一大鬼捉一小鬼啖之。大鬼自称名钟馗,生前曾应武举未中,死后决心消灭天下妖孽。明皇醒后,命画工吴道子绘成图象(见沈括梦溪笔谈)。旧俗端午节多悬钟馗之钟,谓能打鬼和驱除邪祟。天中,即天中节。熙朝乐事:端午为天中节。端午,也作

15、端五。阴历五月初五日,民间节日。辟邪,祛除邪祟,又指古代传说的神兽,似狮而带翼。古代织物、军旗、带钩、印纽等常绘之。南朝陵墓用作镇墓兽石。皆驱灾去邪之意。 九阳启泰:九阳指日。楚辞远游:朝濯发於汤谷兮,夕馀身兮九阳。这里阳谐音羊。九,泛指多数或多次。启泰即开泰。寓意走运,好兆头。羊古祥字,羊喻祥。九羊,吉祥如意之事,数不胜数,连绵不尽。松,四季长青,象徵长寿。竹与祝同音,喻祝福。梅与眉同音,暗含喜上眉梢意也。九阳启泰寓意福星高照,百事顺遂。又称九阳开泰。 刘海洒钱:刘海蟾,道教全真道北五祖之一,名操,字宗成,五代时燕山人。一说名哲,字元英,后梁广陵人。事燕主刘守光为相,好黄老之学。后受仙人点悟

16、,弃官隐修于华山、终南山,果然得道成仙。元世祖时封为明悟弘道真君。刘海洒钱寓意放弃功名利禄,淡泊修行。中国民间流传有刘海戏金蟾,步步钓金钱的说法,赞扬粪土金钱的人的品格 渔翁得利:战国策燕策载,赵国将要攻打燕国,苏代为燕国对赵惠王说:今者臣来,过易,蚌方出曝,而喙其肉,蚌合而钳其喙。曰:今日不雨,明日不雨,即有死蚌。蚌亦曰:今日不出,明日不出,即有死。两者不肯相舍,渔者得而并擒之。渔翁得利,原指第三者乘双方争斗之危而得利,这里寓意外的收获。 五子闹弥勒:弥勒佛,佛教大乘菩萨之一。一般指佛教寺院中胸腹袒露满面笑容的胖和尚塑像,称为弥勒。也有以传说中的布袋和尚为弥勒菩萨化身。旧时民间瓷塑,五童子娃娃爬在弥勒佛身上嬉戏。家里摆上一个,取意合家欢喜。 八仙仰寿:寿星,星名。亦神仙名,又称南极仙翁。在史记封禅书、西游记、白蛇传中均有描写。传

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