1、1 研究生科技英语课程研究生科技英语课程 科技英语写作科技英语写作 邵宗平邵宗平 南京工业大学化学化工学院南京工业大学化学化工学院 材料化学工程国家重点实验室材料化学工程国家重点实验室 2 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 How to prepare the title?How to prepare the title? 3 nFirst impressions are strong impressions; a title ought therefore to be well studied, and to give, so far as its limits permit, a defini
2、te and concise indication of what is to come. T. Clifford Allbutt 先入为主。因此，论文的标题应最大限度地对文章 内容给出明确而简洁的指示。 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 4 Importance of the Title nPerhaps few people, if any, will read the entire paper, but many people will read the title, either in the original journal or in one of the secondary (abs
3、tracting and indexing) publications. nThe indexing and abstracting services depend heavily on the accuracy of the title. An improperly titled paper may be virtually lost and never reach its intended audience. 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 5 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 6 Length of the Title nlong titles are often less meaningfu
4、l than short ones. Example nMost excessively long titles contain waste words. Often, these waste words appear right at the start of the title, words such as A study of, Studies on, Investigations on, and Observations on. 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 7 8 nAn opening A, An, or The is also a waste word. nExample 1 标
5、题可改为： Selectivity in direct synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2: role of catalyst on reaction kinetics nExample 2 标题可改为： Novel preparation of thin dense Pd membrane on macroporous stainless steel tubular filter nExample 3 标题可改为： Dehydrogenation of ethanol in a palladium membrane reactor 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题
6、9 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 10 Need for specific titles Example: Properties of ZSM-5 molecular sieve Catalytic properties of ZSM-5 molecular sieve Catalytic properties of ZSM-5 molecular sieve on cracking of cumene Deactivation of ZSM-5 molecular sieve on catalytic cracking of cumene Bad title: A study of the
7、deactivation of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve on the catalytic cracking of the cumene 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 11 Exercise: pH值对沉淀法制备的碳酸钙比表面的影响 Effect of pH on specific surface area of calcium carbonate prepared by precipitation 以多孔陶瓷为载体的钯银合金膜的制备和表征 Preparation and characterization of Pd-Ag alloy membranes suppor
8、ted on porous ceramics 汽油成分的气相色谱分析 Gas-chromatography analysis on gasoline components 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 12 nTitle should not be a sentence Example: “Oct-3 is a maternal factor required for the first mouse embryonic division” OCT-3是首次鼠胚胎 分裂的母体因素(Cell 64:1103, 1991). 1.The verb (is) is a waste word, in t
9、hat it can be readily deleted without affecting comprehension. 2.Inclusion of the is results in a title that now seems to be a loud assertion. But, it happens 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 13 14 Running titles页头标题 nAs an aid to readers, running titles or running heads are printed at the top of each page. nOften, t
10、he title of the journal or book is given at the top of left-facing pages and the article or chapter title is given at the top of right-facing pages. nUsually, a short version of the title is needed because of space limitations. n一般，页头标题由期刊自定。 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 15 Abbreviations in title nTitles should n
11、ot contain abbreviations, proprietary专 有的 names, jargon, and the like. Example: The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine : a technical review 不能写成: “H2ICE：a technical review”. But, this kind of problem often happens 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 16 17 How about chemical formula? n简单的化学式最好用英文表示，而稍复杂的化学 式最好不译。
12、 如palladium, sodium, PdCl2, Na2MoO4, H3PW12O40. nH2O, Y-Ba-Cu-B-O等等。 n化学式往往更精确。 如 “iron oxide” 是FeO，Fe2O3还是Fe3O4? “nitrogen oxide” 是N2O, NO, N2O3, N2O4, NO2, N2O5中的哪一个？ Example 科技论文的标题科技论文的标题 18 19 科技论文的署名科技论文的署名 How to list the authors?How to list the authors? 20 科技论文的署名科技论文的署名 nThe listing of auth
13、ors should include those, and only those, who actively contributed to the overall design and execution完成 of the experiments. 但是，存在剥削现象。 nThe authors should normally be listed in order of importance to the experiments. nThe first author is often the senior author, in case that two authors contributes
14、 equally, a footnote may be addressed. 鼓励学生做第一作者，关键是要名实相符。 nVery often, the last author is the group leader. 21 nCorresponding author Usually the supervisor or lab leader. nIf, before publication, the author has moved to a different address, the new address should be indicated in a Present Address f
15、ootnote. n尊师。对学生来讲，通常在准备稿件时应该将作者栏空 白，由导师在定稿时将作者加上，以显示对导师的尊重 。 n爱生。反过来，导师也应该根据贡献的大小决定文章的 署名，如学生是主要作者，应让学生作第一作者。 科技论文的署名科技论文的署名 22 科技论文的摘要科技论文的摘要 How to prepare the How to prepare the abstract?abstract? 23 科技论文的摘要科技论文的摘要 nAn Abstract should be viewed as a mini-version of the paper. nThe Abstract shoul
16、d provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Experimental, Results and Discussion. nThe Abstract is often typed as a single paragraph, but there are exceptions: Example 1; Example 2. nThe Abstract should： (1) state the principal objectives and scope of the inves
17、tigation, (2) describe the methods employed, (3) summarize the results, and (4) state the principal conclusions. 24 科技论文的摘要科技论文的摘要 nThe activities described in Abstract should be written in the past tense. But description of the facts should be written in present tense. nThe Abstract should never gi
18、ve any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper. nReferences to the literature must not be cited in the Abstract (except in rare instances, such as modification of a previously published method). nAbstract containing reference: Example 1; Example 2. 25 科技论文的摘要科技论文的摘要 nUnless a long
19、term is used several times within an Abstract, do not abbreviate the term. nWrite the paper before you write the abstract, if at all possible. nChemical formulas and abbreviations of well-known characterization techniques can be written in abstract. nThe Abstract is almost universally the first part of the manuscript read during the review process. Therefore, it must be written clearly and simply. 26 科技论文的摘要科技论文的摘要 nUsually, a good Abstract is followed by
