1、第一讲 句子结构 2014年10月 1 目 录 一、基本句型 二、基本句型的转换与扩大 三、练习 2 一、基本句型 分句是一种“主语+谓语”的语法构造 subjectpredicate All the men What I said Smoking cigar Mary have done their best. is true. causes cancer. Let me her car. 3 Tips 主语是名词或相当于名词的成分，谓语的形式比较多样， 这是由句子中所含的不同类型的谓语动词所决定的。谓语 动词的类型，决定了分句的类型，即基本句型。 4 Tips 动词的分类：系动词 不及物动
2、词 及物动词：单宾语及物动词 双宾语及物动词 复杂宾语及物动词 5 二、基本句型 1.SVC 主-动-补/ 主-系-表 2.SV 主-动 3.SVO 主-动-宾 4.SVoO 主-动-宾-宾 5.SVOC 主-动-宾-补 6 二、基本句型 状语在分句中起修饰作用，通常不是不可缺 成分。但有少数几个动词用在SV和SVO结必 须跟状语。 SVA 主-动-状 7. SVOA 主-动-宾-状 7 1. SVC The car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer. These flowers smell fr
3、agrant. All the tourists seemed pleased. 8 2. SV Iron rusts. Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices are going down. The children are sleeping. 9 3. SVO I want a return ticket. Liverpool won the game. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed. The plane is losing al
4、titude. 10 4. SVoO I sent him a telegram. Mary lent me her car. David showed me the way. Someone left you this book. I made myself a cup of tea. 11 5. SVOC We made him our spokesman. They elected him the president. He pronounced himself in favor of the plan. They painted the wall white. The director
5、s appointed him sales manager. 12 6. SVA I live in Beijing. Shakespeare lived in the 16th and 17th century. We will be flying to Shanghai. The train leaves at six. 13 7. SVOA I put the material evidence in front of him. He treated her vilely. 14 三、基本句型的转换与扩大 扩大手段： 并列 He did not like this, and everyo
6、ne knew it, but no one admitted it. 15 三、基本句型的转换与扩大 扩大手段： 2. 增加修饰或利用从句 The African people have long been our close friends in fighting against hegemonism and power politics. Blamed by the teacher, the boy looks upset. 16 三、基本句型的转换与扩大 扩大手段： 并列&从属 Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he also disapproved of the way we dressed. 17 四、练习 1.列出符合5种基本句型的句子，每种类型5个 。 2.句型扩大 P-19 Exercise 1C 18 19
