1、 http:/ CriThe last and crowning work of Dostoevskys life, The B others Karamazov, first appeared as a seseto The BcothicoThfa he relinquished whatever career he might have attained in government service for thanredetoraacThpofreyeand mmDolitA f w words about Dostoevsky himself may help the English
2、reader to understand his work. Dostoevsky was the son of a doctor. His paren orking and deeply religious people, but so poor that they lived with their f two rooms. The father and m her spent their evenings in reading aloud to their children, generally from books of a serious chThPeme and Punishment
3、 By Fyodor Dostoevsky rrial in Russky Vistnik, a Moscow magazine, during 1879-1880. Written under circumstances of vere external and internal pressure, each installment created a national furore comparable only the excitement stirred by the appearance, in 1866, of Crime and Punishment. To Dostoevsky
4、 rothers Karamazov embodied the quintessence of Russian character, in all its exaltation, mpassion and profligacy. Readers in every language have since accepted his own evaluation of s work and have gone even further by proclaiming it one of the few great novels of all ages and untries. e son of a p
5、enurious army surgeon, Dostoevsky was educated as a military engineer. After his thers death, e hazards of literature. His very first work, a short novel, Poor Folk, was immediately acclaimed d Dostoevsky found himself famous overnight. While attending a meeting of his literary and volutionary colle
6、agues as a spectator, he was arrested by czarist police and was condemned to ath. A few moments before the time for the execution, word came that he was reprieved and was be banished to Siberia for four years. After his period of exile, he was to serve for life in the nks of the army. The famous Ten
7、 Years in a Dead House was written in Siberia. With the cession of Alexander II, Dostoevsky was pardoned and he was able to return to a civilian status. ere followed the succession of novels which have made him known everywhere. In spite of his sition as a man of letters, he suffered the worst hards
8、hips of economic insecurity. In addition, quent attacks of epilepsy and the effects of his years in prison left him a crushed man. His last ars were darkened by brooding sorrow. He withdrew from literary circles, became reactionary embittered. Yet his popularity was then at its Zenith. His death was
9、 the occasion for national ourning, and in the years that followed he became almost a legendary hero to the Russian asses as the poet of their sufferings and aspirations. A revolutionary generation may look upon stoevsky as “defeatist” but it ungrudgingly proclaims him one of the titans of the world
10、s erature. Preface ets were very hard- wive children in onlyotaracter. ough always sickly and delicate Dostoevsky came out third in the final examination of the tersburg school of Engineering. There he had already begun his first work, “Poor Folk.“ http:/ Th story was published by the poet Nekrassov
11、 in his review and was received with acclamations. ThsuarThough neither by temperament nor conviction a revolutionist, Dostoevsky was one of a little grparknasmshthbofePla spOnThe intense suffering of this experience left a lasting stamp on Dostoevskys mind. Though his relbl sing in his own case, he
12、 constantly recurs to the subject in his writings. He describes the awful agfobeHeintth e was all o return to Russia. He started a journal- “Vremya,“ which was forbidden by the CewaandospbyInanA few ise shy, unknown youth found himself instantly something of a celebrity. A brilliant and ccessful car
13、eer seemed to open before him, but those hopes were soon dashed. In 1849 he was rested. oup of young men who met together to read Fourier and Proudhon. He was accused of “taking t in conversations against the censorship, of reading a letter from Byelinsky to Gogol, and of owing of the intention to s
14、et up a printing press.“ Under Nicholas I. (that “stern and just man,“ Maurice Baring calls him) this was enough, and he was condemned to death. After eight onths imprisonment he was with twenty-one others taken out to the Semyonovsky Square to be ot. Writing to his brother Mihail, Dostoevsky says:
15、“They snapped words over our heads, and ey made us put on the white shirts worn by persons condemned to death. Thereupon we were und in threes to stakes, to suffer execution. Being the third in the row, I concluded I had only a w minutes of life before me. I thought of you and your dear ones and I c
16、ontrived to kiss estcheiev and Dourov, who were next to me, and to bid them farewell. Suddenly the troops beat tattoo, we were unbound, brought back upon the scaffold, and informed that his Majesty had ared us our lives.“ The sentence was commuted to hard labour. e of the prisoners, Grigoryev, went
17、mad as soon as he was untied, and never regained his sanity. igious temper led him in the end to accept every suffering with resignation and to regard it as a esony of the condemned man and insists on the cruelty of inflicting such torture. Then followed ur years of penal servitude, spent in the com
18、pany of common criminals in Siberia, where he gan the “Dead House,“ and some years of service in a disciplinary battalion. had shown signs of some obscure nervous disease before his arrest and this now developed o violent attacks of epilepsy, from which he suffered for the rest of his life. The fits
19、 occurred ree or four times a year and were more frequent in periods of great strain. In 1859 howed tnsorship through a misunderstanding. In 1864 he lost his first wife and his brother Mihail. He s in terrible poverty, yet he took upon himself the payment of his brothers debts. He started other jour
20、nal-“The Epoch,“ which within a few months was also prohibited. He was weighed wn by debt, his brothers family was dependent on him, he was forced to write at heart-breaking eed, and is said never to have corrected his work. The later years of his life were much softened the tenderness and devotion
21、of his second wife. June 1880 he made his famous speech at the unveiling of the monument to Pushkin in Moscow d he was received with extraordinary demonstrations of love and honour. months later Dostoevsky died. He was followed to the grave by a vast multitude of http:/ mourners, who “gave the haple
22、ss man the funeral of a king.“ He is still probably the most widely reIn the words of a Russian critic, who seeks to explain the feeling inspired by Dostoevsky: “He was onmwhthiPart 1 Chaptad writer in Russia. e of ourselves, a man of our blood and our bone, but one who has suffered and has seen so
23、uch more deeply than we have his insight impresses us as wisdom . . . that wisdom of the heart ich we seek that we may learn from it how to live. All his other gifts came to him from nature, s he won for himself and through it he became great.“ er 1 On an exceptionally hot evening early in July a of
24、 the garret in which he young man came outlodged in S. Place and walked slowly, as though in hesitation, towards K. bridge. Heof ho pr ided him with garret, dinners, and attendance, lived on the floor below, and every time he wehad successfully avoided meeting his landlady on the staircase. His garr
25、et was under the roof a high, five-storied house and was more like a cupboard than a room. The landlady wovnt out he was obliged to pass her kitchen, the door of which invariably stood open. And each time he passed, the young man had a sick, frightened feeling, which made him scowl and feel ashamed.
26、 He was hopelessly in debt to his landlady, and was afraid of meeting her. This was not because he was cowardly and abject, quite the contrary; but for some time past he had been in an overstrained irritable condition, verging on hypochondria. He had become so co y his andlady, but anyone at all. He
27、 was crushed by poverty, but the anxieties of his position had of lathampletely absorbed in himself, and isolated from his fellows that he dreaded meeting, not onlle ceased to weigh upon him. He had given up attending to matters of practical importance; he d lost all desire to do so. Nothing that an
28、y landlady could do had a real terror for him. But to be stopped on the stairs, to be forced to listen to her trivial, irrelevant gossip, to pestering demands for payment, threats and complaints, and to rack his brains for excuses, to prevaricate, to lie-no, ratTh“I her than that, he would creep dow
29、n the stairs like a cat and slip out unseen. is evening, however, on coming out into the street, he became acutely aware of his fears. want to attempt a thing /like that/ and am frightened by these trifles,“ he thought, with an odd sm iom. It ile. “Hm . . . yes, all is in a mans hands and he lets it
30、 all slip from cowardice, thats an axwould be interesting to know what it is men are most afraid of. Taking a new step, uttering a new woOr perhaps it is that I chatter because I do nothing. Ive learned to chatter this last month, lying for dacaplaytrd is what they fear most. . . . But I am talking
31、too much. Its because I chatter that I do nothing. ys together in my den thinking. . of Jack the Giant-killer. Why am I going there now? Am I pable of /that/? Is /that/ serious? It is not serious at all. Its simply a fantasy to amuse myself; a hing! Yes, maybe it is a plaything.“ 批注 g1: 5ArEt, -ritn
32、.阁楼 skaulv.皱眉头 : 5AbdVekt adj. Being of the most contemptible kind:轻蔑的，被鄙视的。 ject cowardice. 夫 : 5EuvE5strein v. : haIpE5kRndrIE 症，疑病症 : 5pestE vt. 纠缠批注 g7: 绞尽脑汁 批注 g8: pri5vArikeit v. 搪塞，闪烁其词 批注 g9: 5AksiEm n. 公之理 批注 g2:批注 g3例子：ab被鄙视的懦批注 g4过度紧张批注 g5adj. 忧郁批注 g6理，自明http:/ Th heat in the street was t
33、errible: and the airlessness, the bustle and the plaster, scaffolding, ebricks, and dust all about him, and that special Petersburg stench, so familiar to all who are unable to get out of town in summer-all worked painfully upon the young mans already overwrought nerves. The insufferable stench from
34、 the pothouses, which are particularly numerous in that part of the town, and the drunken men whom he met continually, although it was a working day, completed the revolting misery of the picture. An expression of the profoundest disgust gleamed for a moment in the young mans refined face. He was, b
35、y the way, exceptionally handsome, above the aveintalommverage in height, slim, well-built, with beautiful dark eyes and dark brown hair. Soon he sank o deep thought, or more accurately speaking into a complete blankness of mind; he walked ng not observing what was about him and not caring to observ
36、e it. From time to time, he would utter something, from the habit of talking to himself, to which he had just confessed. At these oments he would become conscious that his ideas were sometimes in a tangle and that he was ry weak; for two days he had scarcely tasted food. He iness would have been ash
37、amed to was so badly dressed that even a man accustomed to shabbbe seen in the street in such rags. In that quarter of the town, however, scarcely any shortcoming in drescrthacess would have created surprise. Owing to the proximity of the Hay Market, the number of tablishments of bad character, the
38、preponderance of the trading and working class population owded in these streets and alleys in the heart of Petersburg, types so various were to be seen in e streets that no figure, however queer, would have caused surprise. But there was such cumulated bitterness and contempt in the young mans hear
39、t, that, in spite of all the fastidiousness of youth, he minded his rags least of all in the street. It was a different matter when heanmet with acquaintances or with former fellow students, whom, indeed, he disliked meeting at y time. And yet when a drunken man who, for some unknown reason, was bei
40、ng taken somewhere in a huge waggon dragged by a heavy dray horse, suddenly shouted at him as he drove past: “Hey there, German hatter“ bawling at the top of his voice and pointing at him-the young man stopped suddenly and clutched tremulously at his hat. It was a tall round hat from Zimmermans, but
41、 completely worn out, rusty with age, all torn and bespattered, brimless and bent onter“I likloone side in a most unseemly fashion. Not shame, however, but quite another feeling akin to ror had overtaken him. knew it,“ he muttered in confusion, “I thought so! Thats the worst of all! Why, a stupid th
42、ing e this, the most trivial detail might spoil the whole plan. Yes, my hat is too noticeable. . . . It oks absurd and that makes it noticeable. . . . With my rags I ought to wear a cap, any sort of old pa hing. Nobody wears such a hat, it would be noticed a mile off, it ncake, but not this grotesqu
43、e twould be remembered. . . . What matters is that people would remember it, and that would give them a clue. For this business one should be as little conspicuous as possible. . . . Trifles, trifles are what matter! Why, its just such trifles that always ruin everything. . . .“ He had not far to go
44、; he knew indeed how many steps it was from the gate of his lodging house: exactly seven hundred and thirty. He had counted them once when he had been lost in dreams. At the time he had put no faith in those dreams and was only tantalising himself by their hideous but daring recklessness. Now, a mon
45、th later, he had begun to look upon them differently, and, in spite 批注 g10: 5skAfEldIN n. : stentF n. 恶臭, : pCthaJs n. : ri5vEultiN adj. horrence or disgust.的：引起憎恶或厌: ri5faind adj. 优养的 : Shabby 5FAbi adj.:衣衫褴褛的；穿破旧衣服的 : rA n. 破旧衣: fAs5tidiEs adj. : 运货马车的马；马车 : Bawl at:斥责；: rQstI adj. 生锈色的或红褐色的锈；铁锈）；
46、在这里日子长所以褪色变: bi5spAtEv.溅污批注 g22: rEu5teskadj.奇形怪状的, 奇异 : 5traifln.琐事、细；细节 : 宿舍, 公寓 : Tantalise Iz:vt 挑逗；惹弄 : 不计后果的; 鲁莽的 脚手架 批注 g11臭气 批注 g12小酒馆 批注 g13Causing ab使人反感恶的 批注 g14雅的有教批注 g15批注 g16服；破布批注 g17挑剔的, 苛求的批注 g18dray：运货批注 g19bawl:大叫批注 g20的、黄褐（rust: 生应该是因色了的意思批注 g21批注 g23小的事情批注 g24批注 g25tAntEla批注 g26
47、http:/ of the monologues in which he jeered at his own impotence and indecision, he had involuntarily cothiexW a sinking heart and a nervous tremor, he went up to a huge house which on one side looked me to regard this “hideous“ dream as an exploit to be attempted, although he still did not realise
48、s himself. He was positively going now for a “rehearsal“ of his project, and at every step his citement grew more and more violent. ithon to the canal, and on the other into the street. This house was let out in tiny tenements and was inhabited by working people of all kinds-tailors, locksmiths, coo
49、ks, Germans of sorts, girls picking up a living as best they could, petty clerks, etc. There was a continual coming and going themsliansu“Ifit? he could not help asking himself as he reached the fourth storey. There his progress was barough the two gates and in the two courtyards of the house. Three or four door-keepers were ployed on the building.
