1、目录2000年上海大学外国语学院620英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2001年上海大学外国语学院620英语语言学考研真题2002年上海大学外国语学院620英语语言学考研真题2003年上海大学外国语学院620英语语言学考研真题2010年上海大学外国语学院623英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2013年上海大学外国语学院623英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2000年上海大学外国语学院620英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）English Linguistic PaperFor the Entrance of Postgraduates 2000Shanghai UniversityPart 1: Write t
2、he authors name of each of the following works (5 marks)1). Cours de Linguistique Gnrale (1916)2). An Introduction to Functional Grammar (1985)3). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965)4). The Meaning of Meaning (1923)5). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (1985)Part 2: Define the follo
3、wing terms with examples where needed. (25 marks)1). Minimal pair2). allophones3). assimilation4). acronyms5). bound morphemes6). cohesion7). coherence8). polysemy9). hyponymy更多考研资料 v/q:344647 公众号/小程序：顺通考试资料10). The cooperative principlePart 3: (15 marks)（此部分缺失2小题）1). What are the general terms used
4、 to describe the sounds produced?a) When the vocal cords are drawn together?b) When the vocal cords are spread apart?Part 4: (10 marks)1). Draw the figure of Semiotic Triangle (or Semantic Triangle) of Ogdenand Richards.2). Draw a tree-diagram of the following sentence.Bill saw the dog with Marry.Pa
5、rt 5: Make statements as required. (Note: Your language of English shallalso be graded.)1). Make a grief comment on the phenomenon of “Chinese English” on thebasis of cultural differences. (15 marks)2). Talk about the relationship between language and mentality mainly onyour linguistic knowledge. (1
6、5 marks)3). Do you think it is worthwhile to teach children a second language in theclassroom? If so, how might approaches and methods differ between a classof children and a class of adults? (15 marks)2001年上海大学外国语学院620英语语言学考研真题English Linguistics paperFor Postgraduate Applicants, 2001Shanghai Unive
7、rsityPart one: Write one representative work of the following authors (5 marks)1Fedinand de Saussure2Norm Chomsky3M. A. K Halliday4D. Bollinger5马建忠Part two: Give the word which matches one of the following words to form apair of linguistics terms (10 marks)1parole2language potential3form4descriptive
8、5paradigmatic relation6signifier7competence8diachronic9ideolect10arbitraryPart three: What do the following abbreviations stand for? (10 marks)OEVPRPTGICDETNEGELTLADCAPart four: Write brief explanatory notes on the following terms (30 marks)1diphthong2pitch3lateral4subject5logographic6compounding7su
9、prasegmental phonology8entailment9code switching10presuppositionPart five: Fill in the blanks with terms that fit the description (10 marks)1Componential analysis defines the meaning of a lexical element in termsof _.2The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has two major thrusts: _ and _.3According to Austin, in
10、 saying something, one is doing something, andthree different kinds of acts are performed simultaneously. There are _,_ and _.4_ is rather complex form of compounding, in which two roots are puttogether by joining the initial part of the first root and the final part of thesecond root, or by joining
11、 the initial parts of the two roots.5Endocentric constructions fall into two main types, depending in therelation between constituents: _ construction and _ construction.Pan six: Chose three topics from the following and, write a composition oneach of them (35 marks)1Ferdinand de Saussures great con
12、tribution to modern linguistics2The main ideas of Bloomfieldian structuralism3The applicability of communicative approach in foreign languageteaching4The interdependence of language and culture2002年上海大学外国语学院620英语语言学考研真题Linguistics Examination Paper for MA Candidates 2002Shanghai University, December
13、, 2001Part I. Define the following linguistic terms: (20 marks)1displacement2duality3synchronic study4hyponymy5pitch6cohesion7presupposition8deep structure9homonymy10polysemyPart II. Decide whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE: (10marks)1Bloomfield was the first real structuralist in A
14、merican Linguistics.2The studies of modern linguistics are purely synchronic.3Different languages take different writing systems, and Chinese takes theword writing system.4Ideolect refers to the language variety spoken by uneducated people.5In endocentric construction there is always a center or hea
15、d.Part III. Put the following linguistic terms into English: (10 marks)1蕴含2假说3命题4述谓5直接成分分析6黏着语素7双语8语码转换9逻辑语义10词源学Part IV. (10 marks)A. Provide a “superficially distinct” sentence which would have the same“underlying” structure as one of the following sentences:1Someone stole my bicycle.2This cloth i
16、s easy to wash.3He pulled off his skirt.4She works out in the gym two or three times a week.B. Fill in the blanks with proper terms:1Not all the speech sounds occur in the same environment. When twosounds never occur in the same environment, they are said to be in _. While sounds such as p and b as
17、in pan and ban, and e and as in pen and pin are said to be in _ _.2A group of words with its own subject and predicate, if it is included in alarger sentence, is a _.3Bloomfield described meaning as an action of s_ and response.4The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a type ofsitua
18、tion is a r_.5A b_ is a word formed by combining parts of other words.Part V. (50 marks)1Discuss Bloomfields understanding of “meaning” with reference to hisadherence to behaviourism. (15 marks)2Why do people use the same word “beauty” though their esthetic beliefsvary? (15 marks)3Sum up the ideas o
19、f the following statement of Edward Sapir and make abrief comment on it: (20 marks)Language is a guide to “social reality”. Though, language is not ordinarilythought of as of essential interest to the students of social science, itpowerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and proc
20、esses.Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the worldof social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy ofthe particular language which has become the medium of expression for theirsociety. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to
21、reality essentiallywithout the use of language and that language is merely an incidental meansof solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of thematter is that the “real” world is to a large extent unconsciously built up onthe language habits of the group. No two languages a
22、re ever sufficientlysimilar to be considered as representing the same special reality. The worldsin which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the sameworld with different labels attached. (Sapir: 1929: 207-208)2003年上海大学外国语学院620英语语言学考研真题招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目：英语语言学Part o e: Give de
23、finitions to the following terms. (20 marks)1phonology:2morpheme:3dialect:4co-articulation:5syntax:6hyponymy:7blending:8coherence:9aphasia:10interlanguage:Part two: Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (20marks)_ 1. Synonymy and polysemy are relations between form and meaning._
24、 2. At the two-word stage in language acquisition, sentences arecomposed of content words, not structural words._ 3. Phonetics is the study of meaning of speech sound._ 4. The generative grammar will generate all the syntactic structures ofthe language._ 5. The deep structure is an abstract level of
25、 structural organization inwhich all the elements determining structural interpretation are represented._ 6. The prescriptive approach was taken by grammarians, mainly in thetwentieth century, who set out rules for the “proper” use of English._ 7. Noun is a word class that covers the names of object
26、s only._ 8. A pidgin, unlike ordinary languages, has no native speakers, whichis a consequence of the fact it is used for communication between membersof a community._ 9. Functional grammar deals mainly with linguistic structure in socialand textual aspects of the language._ 10. The antithesis langu
27、e and parole was created by Chomsky.Part three: Circle the word which does NOT belong to the group as stated.(20 marks)1backformationa. televiseb. donatec. machine2bound morphemea. disb. ingc. etc.3coinagea. croissantb. aspirinc. xerox4compoundinga. washerb. playboyc. brainwash5acronymya. NATOb. X-r
28、ayc. TV6blendinga. smogb. hotelc. motel7derivationa. humanb. clockwisec. national8abbreviationa. mathb. phonec. computer9borrowinga. Englandb. buildingc. typhoon10slanga. friendb. comradec. buddyPart four: Fill the following blanks with appropriate words. (one word foreach blank) (40 marks)1There ar
29、e six major “design features” of human language. They arear_, du_, pro/cre_, dis_, cul_, tr_ andinter_.2There are at least seven basic functions of human language. These areph_, dir_, inf_, inter_, ex_, ev_ and per_.3To make his analysis as scientific as possible, a linguist is usually guidedby four
30、 principles: exh_, con_, eco_ and ob_.4_ linguistics is concerned with how a language is actually spokenand / or written while _ linguistics states rules for what is considered thebest or most correct usage.5_ linguistics which studies how a language changes over a period oftime is an approach to li
31、nguistics in contrast with _ linguistics which isthe study of a language system at one particular point in time.6The branch of linguistics dealing with the form of words is _, whoseunits of interest are called _.7A popular way to represent imme_ con_ of phrases or / andsentences is to use a tree dia
32、gram.8The classic “semantic triangle” presented by Ogden and Richards consistsof the _ or _ which refers to the linguistic elements such as words,sentences etc., the _ which refers to the object in the world ofexperience, and the _ or _ which stands for concept.9A relationship between two words, in
33、which the meaning of one of thewords includes the meaning of the other word is known as _.10Componential analysis defines the meaning of a lexical element in termsof _ _.11So_ d_ reflect varieties of language which identify peoplebelonging to a particular social class who share a similar socioeconom
34、ic and /or educational background,12Re_ is a speech variety used by a particular group of people,usually sharing the same occupation (e.g. doctors, lawyers) or the sameinterests (e.g. stamp collectors, baseball fans).13According to Grice, speakers cooperate with each other in theirexchange of inform
35、ation by following four conversational maxims, which aremaxim of _, maxim of_, maxim of _ and maxim of _.14According to Hymes, communicative competence has four components,which are po_ (the ability to produce grammatical sentences), feas_(the ability to produce sentences which can be decoded by the
36、 human brain),appr_ (the ability to use correct forms of language in a specific socio-cultural context) and per_ (the fact that the utterance is completed).Part five: Choose TWO from the following three topics to write an essay. (50marks)1Choose two types of grammar and tell what you know about them
37、2Talk about what you know about semantic features3Tell the reason you are interested in linguistics2010年上海大学外国语学院623英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）一、10个名词解释，每题两分1reflective meaning2fossilization3critical discourse analysis4assimilation5backformation6diglossia7productivity8deixis9liaion二、判断正误10题，每题1分（此部分缺失）三、选择题15题，每
38、题1分（此部分缺失）四、简答三题，每题10分1作为上海世博会志愿者，在你的服务中是怎样体现competence andperformance的？2从“囧”的历史意义到现在的意思的变迁，你从语言学的角度怎样分析这个现象？3第一语言习得和第二语习得的相同点和区别。五、论述题，每题20分，不少于150字1论述语言的随意性。2The relationship between language and thought, what is your opinion?2013年上海大学外国语学院623英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）一、名词解释（共10个）1reference2script3semantic fi
39、eld4iconicity5entailment6bilingualism7field independence8illocution9garden path sentence10register二、True or False （共15个）（此部分大多仅回忆起考查的知识点）1关于dialectal synonyms。2关于/p/的发音位置和方式判断。3The linguistic sign is said to consist of a signifier and signified, i.e. asound image and a concept.4The British English w
40、ord “cheque” and the American English word checkare stylistic synonyms.5Words are divided into higher lexical categories lower lexical categories.6最常见的phrasal categories 是noun phrase, verb phrase, adjective phrase,adverbial phrase.7关于acquisition and learning 的区别。8关于the Critical Period Hypothesis。9孩子
41、在the two-word stage 的表现。10关于the maxim of manner buy CP。11utterance meaning 与sentence meaning 的区别。12The words “able” “register” are free morphemes.13关于general linguistic的判断。General linguistic refers to the study ofa particular language.14关于coherence知识点的判断。三、填空题（共25个）（此部分缺失部分小题）1Words are created simp
42、ly to fit some purposes. Such a method ofenlarging the vocabulary is known as_.2The description of language at some time point of the time in history is a_study.3Our language can be called to talk about itself, which makes languageinfinitely self-reflective. This function of language is called_.4Lan
43、guage is predominately lateralized to the _of the brain.5_meaning is what is communicated through association with wordswhich tend to occur in the environment of another word.6According to Halliday, _of discourse refers to whats going on. i.e. thepurpose and subject-matter of the communication.7_is
44、that two distinct varieties of the same language which are used ,side by side, for two different sets of functions.8The term is often used to describe a kind of barrier to acquisition thatresults from negative feelings or experiences.9_meaning covers those basic, essential components of meaning whic
45、hare conveyed by the literal use of a word ; while _meaning is thecommunicative value.10The input hypothesis (i+1 input) of second language was put forward bythe American linguist_.11Hyponym such as “peach, apple, orange” of the superordinate “fruit ”are _ to each other.四、选择题（共15个）（此部分仅回忆起考查的知识点）1最普
46、遍使用的两种Language tests。2选出最常见的language teaching。3关于lexicology。4选出哪一项是an intralingual error。5关于cognitive linguistics。6关于metonymy。7关于garden path sentence，举出课本上这个例子“The horse raced pastthe barn fall”。8关于pidgin。9哪一选项最有可能是 women说的话，主要考查women 的语言特点。10Which test is most often used for determining phones in a
47、 language?11关于descriptive的选择题。12选出The Systemic-functional流派的代表人物。13关于morpheme的知识点。14sense 与inherent meaning of the linguistic form的关系。15How context influence the way speaker interpret sentence is called_.五、1Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to showsyntactic rules accou
48、nt for the ambiguity of sentences.e.g. The man is too heavy to move.a. The man is so overweight that it is difficult for him to move around byhimself.b. The man is so overweight that it is difficult for others to remove him.1). Smoking cigarettes can be nauseating.2). Tony is a dirty street fighter.
49、3). After a two-day debate, they finally decided on the helicopter.4). The little girl saw the big man with the telescope.5). Tony loves his wife and so do I.2Identify the Semantic relationship between the following pairs ofsentences.a. Toms wife is pregnant.b. Tom has a wife.a. I am an orphan.b. I am a child and have no farther or mother.a. I am an orphan.b. I have a farther.a. He likes swimming.b. He likes sports.a. Even Peter has dated Jane.
