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IPC-A-600H_中英文版_印制板的可接受性.pdf

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1、IPC-A-600H CN2010年4印制板的可接受性取代IPC-A-600G2004年7月本标准由IPC开发Association Connecting Electronics Industries任何包含复杂技术的标准都要有大量的资料来源。 IPC产品保证委员会(7-30)IPC-A-600任务组(7-31a)全体成员共同努力开发出了此项标准。谢谢他们为此做出的无私奉献。我们不可能罗列所有参与和支持本标准开发的个人和单位,下面仅仅列出了IPC-A-600任务组的主要成员。 然而我们不得不提到IPC TGAsia 7-31aCN技术组的成员, 他们力求译文文字的信达雅,为此标准中文版的翻译、

2、 审核付出了艰苦的劳动。我们在此一并对上述各有关组织和个人表示衷心的感谢。特别感谢刚性印制板委员会(D-30)的成员为建立印制板验收标准所做的努力。产品保证委员会主席Mel ParrishSTI Electronics副主席Michael E. HillColonial Circuits, Inc.IPC-A-600任务组主席Mark BuechnerBAE Systems副主席Randy R. ReedViasystems Group, Inc.刚性印制板委员会主席Vicka WhiteHoneywell Inc. Air Transport Systems副主席Debora ObitzTr

3、ace Laboratories - EastIPC董事会技术联络员Peter BigelowIMI Inc.Sammy YiAptina Imaging Corp.IPC-A-600任务组Lance Auer, Raytheon Missile SystemsRobert F. Bagsby, Rockwell CollinsWendi Boger, DDi Corp.Gerald Leslie Bogert, Bechtel PlantMachinery, Inc.Scott Bowles, Hallmark Circuits Inc.Elaine Brown, Lockheed Mart

4、in SystemsIntegrationTracey Bumann, Minco Products Inc.Byron Case, L-3 CommunicationsLaya Chen, Microtek (Changzhou) ProductServices Co., Ltd.Pei-Liang Chen, Shanghai PrintronicsElectronics Co., Ltd.Christine Coapman, Delphi Electronics andSafetyC. Don Dupriest, Lockheed Martin Missilesand Fire Cont

5、rolTheodore Edwards, Dynaco Corp.Alan Exley, Raytheon CompanyGary Ferrari, FTG CircuitsLionel Fullwood, WKK Distribution Ltd.Mahendra Gandhi, Northrop GrummanAerospace SystemsThomas Gardeski, Gemini SciencesConstantino Gonzalez, ACME Training &ConsultingHue Green, Lockheed Martin Space SystemsCompan

6、yMichael Green, Lockheed Martin SpaceSystems CompanyPhilip Henault, Raytheon CompanyMichael Hill, Colonial Circuits Inc.Eddie Huddleston, Elbit Systems of AmericaTodd Jarman, L-3 CommunicationsCandee Kaminski, Honeywell Inc. AirTransport SystemsThomas E. Kemp, Rockwell CollinsJason Koch, Robisan Lab

7、oratory Inc.Nick Koop, Minco Products Inc.Karin LaBerge, Microtek LaboratoriesLeo Lambert, EPTAC CorporationJeff Lewis, Holaday Circuits Inc.Michael G. Luke, Raytheon CompanyClifford Maddox, Boeing CompanyBrian Madsen, Continental AGChris Mahanna, Robisan Laboratory Inc.Rene Martinez, Northrop Grumm

8、anAerospace SystemsMatthew McQueen, NSWC CraneRenee J. Michalkiewicz, Trace Laboratories -EastRoger Miedico, Raytheon CompanyMichael Miller, NSWC CraneJames Monarchio, TTM Technologies, Inc.Bob Neves, Microtek LaboratoriesSteven M. Nolan, Lockheed Martin MaritimeSystems & SensorsDebora Obitz, Trace

9、Laboratories - EastWilliam Ortloff, Raytheon CompanyMichael Paddack, Boeing CompanyJ. Lee Parker, JLPMel Parrish, STI ElectronicsMarybeth Perrino, Endicott InterconnectTechnologies IncStephen Pierce, SGP Ventures, Inc.Donna Richardson, M-Flex (Multi-FinelineElectronix Inc)Jose Rios, Endicott Interco

10、nnectTechnologies IncGary Roper, Roper Resources, Inc.Joseph Schmidt, Raytheon Missile SystemsRussell Shepherd, Microtek LaboratoriesLowell Sherman, Defense Supply CenterColumbusJames Stack, Endicott InterconnectTechnologies IncKevin Therault, Lockheed Martin SpaceSystems CompanyDung Q. Tiet, Lockhe

11、ed Martin SpaceSystems CompanyBradley Toone, L-3 CommunicationsCrystal E. Vanderpan, UnderwritersLaboratories Inc.Sharon Ventress, U.S. Army Aviation &Missile CommandRob Walls, PIEK International EducationCentre BVClark Webster, ALL Flex LLCVicka White, Honeywell Inc. Air TransportSystemsDewey Whitt

12、aker, Honeywell Inc. AirTransport SystemsMike Wilson, Minco Products Inc.鸣谢iiiIPC-A-600H-20102010年4月参与IPC-A-600H中版开发的7-31aCN技术组成员陈 燕(主席)麦可罗泰克(常州)实验室宫立军深圳市兴森快捷电路科技股份有限公司徐国生深圳市深南电路有限公司程仁明英业达科技有限公司陈永华珠海斗门超毅电子有限公司庞海燕超毅科技(珠海)有限公司陈伟宏汕头超声印制板公司陈培良中国印制电路行业协会肖 蓉深圳市深南电路有限公司彭锦强深圳市深南电路有限公司特别致谢麦可罗泰克(常州)实验室的陈燕为IPC

13、-A-600H中文版的开发付出了大量的时间和精力,特此感谢她为此做出的无私奉献!鸣谢ivIPC-A-600H-20102010年4月标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载Acknowledgment(鸣谢) . iii1Introduction(前) . 11.1Scope(范围) . 11.2Purpose(的) . 11.3Approach To This Document(本件的使法) . 11.4Classification(产品分级) . 21.5Acceptance Criteria(验收准则) . 21.6Applicable Documents(引

14、件) . 41.6.1IPC . 41.6.2American Society of MechanicalEngineers(美国机械工程师协会) . 41.7Dimensions and Tolerances(尺与公差) . 51.8Terms and Definitions(术语和定义) . 51.9Revision Level Changes(版本修订变化) . 51.10 Workmanship(艺质量) . 52Externally Observable Characteristics(外部可观察特性) . 62.1Printed Board Edges(印制板边缘) . 62.1.

15、1Burrs(毛刺) . 62.1.1.1Nonmetallic Burrs(非金属毛刺) . 72.1.1.2Metallic Burrs(金属毛刺) . 82.1.2Nicks(缺口) . 92.1.3Haloing(晕圈) . 102.2Base Material Surface(基材表) . 112.2.1Weave Exposure(露织物) . 122.2.2Weave Texture(显布纹) . 132.2.3Exposed/Disrupted Fibers(暴露/断裂的纤维) . 142.2.4Pits and Voids(麻点和空洞) . 152.3Base Materia

16、l Subsurface(基材表下) . 162.3.1Measling(白斑) . 212.3.2Crazing(微裂纹) . 222.3.3Delamination/Blister(分层/起泡) . 242.3.4Foreign Inclusions(外来杂夹物) . 262.4Solder Coatings and Fused Tin Lead(焊料涂覆层和热熔锡铅层) . 282.4.1Nonwetting(不润湿) . 282.4.2Dewetting(退润湿) . 292.5Holes Plated-Through General(镀覆孔 - 通则) . 312.5.1Nodule

17、s/Burrs(结瘤/毛刺) . 312.5.2Pink Ring(粉红圈) . 322.5.3Voids Copper Plating(铜镀层空洞) . 332.5.4Voids Finished Coating(最终涂覆层空洞) . 342.5.5Lifted Lands (Visual)(焊盘起翘 (目检) ) . 352.5.6Cap Plating of Filled Holes (Visual)(填塞孔的盖覆电镀 (目检) ) . 362.6Holes Unsupported(撑孔) . 382.6.1Haloing(晕圈) . 382.7Printed Contacts(印制接触

18、) . 392.7.1Surface Plating Plated Contacts(表面镀层电镀的接触片) . 392.7.1.1Surface Plating Wire Bond Pads(表面镀层金属线键合盘) . 412.7.2Burrs on Edge-Board Contacts(印制接触片边缘毛刺) . 432.7.3Adhesion of Overplate(外镀层附着力) . 442.8Marking(标记) . 452.8.1Etched Marking(蚀刻标记) . 482.8.2Screened or Ink Stamped Marking(丝印或油墨盖印标记) .

19、502.9Solder Mask(阻焊膜(阻焊剂) ) . 522.9.1Coverage Over Conductors (SkipCoverage)(导体上的覆盖(跳印) ) . 532.9.2Registration to Holes (All Finishes)(与孔的重合度(所有涂覆层) ) . 542.9.3Registration to Other Conductive Patterns(与其它导电图形的重合度) . 552.9.3.1Ball Grid Array (Solder Mask-Defined Lands)(球栅列阵(阻焊膜限定的焊盘) ) . 562.9.3.2B

20、all Grid Array (Copper-Defined Lands)(球栅列阵(铜箔限定的焊盘) ) . 572.9.3.3Ball Grid Array (Solder Dam)(球栅列阵(阻焊坝) ) . 582.9.4Blisters/Delamination(起泡/分层) . 592.9.5Adhesion (Flaking or Peeling)(附着力(剥落或起皮) ) . 612.9.6Waves/Wrinkles/Ripples(波纹/褶皱/皱纹) . 622.9.7Tenting (Via Holes)(掩蔽(导通孔) ) . 632.9.8Soda Strawing(

21、吸管状空隙) . 642.10 Pattern Definition Dimensional(图形精确度 - 尺要求) . 662.10.1Conductor Width and Spacing(导体宽度和间距) . 662.10.1.1 Conductor Width(导体宽度) . 672.10.1.2 Conductor Spacing(导体间距) . 682.10.2External Annular Ring Measurement(外层环宽的测量) . 692.10.3External Annular Ring Supported Holes(支撑孔的外层环宽) . 702.10.4

22、External Annular Ring Unsupported Holes(非支撑孔的外层环宽) . 722.11 Flatness(平整度) . 733Internally Observable Characteristics(内部可观察特性) . 753.1Dielectric Materials(介质材料) . 763.1.1Laminate Voids/Cracks (Outside Thermal Zone)(层压板空洞/裂缝(受热区外) ) . 763.1.2Registration/Conductor to Holes(导体与孔的重合度) . 78Table of Conte

23、nts(录)vIPC-A-600H-20102010年4月3.1.3Clearance Hole, Unsupported, to Power/GroundPlanes(电源层/接地层上的非支撑孔,隔离孔) . 793.1.4Delamination/Blister(分层/起泡) . 803.1.5Etchback(凹蚀) . 813.1.5.1Etchback(凹蚀) . 823.1.5.2Negative Etchback(负凹蚀) . 843.1.6Smear Removal(去钻污) . 853.1.7Dielectric Material, Clearance, Metal Plan

24、e forSupported Holes(金属层上支撑孔的介质间距) . 873.1.8Layer-to-Layer Spacing(层间间距) . 883.1.9Resin Recession(树脂凹缩) . 893.1.10Hole Wall Dielectric/Plated Barrel Separation(Hole Wall Pullaway)(孔壁介质与孔壁镀层分离(孔壁拉脱) ) . 903.2Conductive Patterns General(导电图形 - 总则) . 913.2.1Etching Characteristics(蚀刻特性) . 943.2.2Print

25、and Etch(丝印及蚀刻) . 963.2.3Surface Conductor Thickness (Foil PlusPlating)(表面导体厚度(铜箔加上镀层) ) . 973.2.4Foil Thickness Internal Layers(内层铜箔厚度) . 983.3Plated-Through Holes General(镀覆孔 - 总则) . 993.3.1Annular Ring Internal Layers(内层环宽) . 1013.3.2Lifted Lands (Cross-Sections)(焊盘起翘(显微切片) ) . 1033.3.3Foil Crack

26、 (Internal Foil) C Crack(铜箔裂缝 (内层铜箔)C型裂缝) . 1043.3.4Foil Crack (External Foil)(铜箔裂缝(外层铜箔) ) . 1053.3.5Plating Crack (Barrel) E Crack(镀层裂缝(孔壁) E型裂缝) . 1063.3.6Plating Crack (Corner) F Crack(镀层裂缝 (拐角)F型裂缝) . 1073.3.7Plating Nodules(镀层结瘤) . 1083.3.8Copper Plating Thickness Hole Wall(铜镀层厚度孔壁) . 1093.3.9

27、Copper Wrap Plating(铜包覆电镀) . 1103.3.10Plating Voids(镀层空洞) . 1133.3.11Solder Coating Thickness (Only WhenSpecified)(焊料涂覆层厚度(仅当有规定时) ) . 1153.3.12Solder Mask Thickness(阻焊膜厚度) . 1163.3.13Wicking(芯吸) . 1173.3.13.1 Wicking, Clearance Holes(隔离孔的芯吸) . 1183.3.14Innerlayer Separation Vertical (Axial) Microse

28、ction(内层分离垂直(轴向)显微切片) . 1193.3.15Innerlayer Separation Horizontal (Transverse)Microsection(内层分离水平(横向)显微切片) . 1203.3.16Material Fill of Blind and Buried Vias(埋/盲导通孔的材料填塞) . 1213.3.17Cap Plating of Filled Holes(填塞孔的盖覆电镀) . 1233.4Plated-Through Holes Drilled(镀覆孔 - 钻孔) . 1253.4.1Burrs(毛刺) . 1263.4.2Nail

29、heading(钉头) . 1273.5Plated-Through Holes Punched(镀覆孔 - 冲孔) . 1283.5.1Roughness and Nodules(粗糙度和结瘤) . 1293.5.2Flare(锥口) . 1304Miscellaneous(其他类型板) . 1314.1Flexible and Rigid-Flex Printed Boards(挠性及刚挠性印制板) . 1324.1.1Coverlay Coverage Coverfilm Separations(覆盖层覆盖覆盖膜分离) . 1334.1.2Coverlay/Covercoat Cover

30、age Adhesives(覆盖层/覆盖涂层的覆盖粘接剂) . 1344.1.2.1Adhesive Squeeze-Out Land Area(焊盘区域粘接剂的挤出) . 1344.1.2.2Adhesive Squeeze-Out Foil Surface(铜箔表面粘接剂的挤出) . 1354.1.3Access Hole Registration for Coverlay andStiffeners(元器件孔与覆盖层及增强板的重合度) . 1364.1.4Plating Defects(镀层缺陷) . 1374.1.5Stiffener Bonding(增强板的粘接) . 1384.1.

31、6Transition Zone, Rigid Area to Flexible Area(刚性区域与挠性区域的过渡区) . 1404.1.7Solder Wicking/Plating Penetration UnderCoverlay(覆盖层下的焊料芯吸/镀层渗透) . 1414.1.8Laminate Integrity(层压板完整性) . 1434.1.8.1Laminate Integrity Flexible Printed Board(层压板完整性挠性印制板) . 1444.1.8.2Laminate Integrity Rigid-Flex Printed Board(层压板的

32、完整性刚挠性印制板) . 1454.1.9Etchback (Type 3 and Type 4 Only)(凹蚀(仅3型和4型板) ) . 1464.1.10Smear Removal (Type 3 and 4 Only)(去钻污(仅3型和4型板) ) . 1474.1.11Trimmed Edges/Edge Delamination(裁切边缘/边缘分层) . 1484.1.12Fold/Bend Marks(折叠/弯曲痕迹) . 1504.1.13Silver Film Integrity(银膜完整性) . 1514.2Metal Core Printed Boards(属芯印制板)

33、. 1534.2.1Type Classifications(分类) . 1544.2.2Spacing Laminated Type(层压型板的间距) . 1554.2.3Insulation Thickness, Insulated Metal Substrate(绝缘型金属基板的绝缘厚度) . 1564.2.4Insulation Material Fill, Laminated Type Metal Core(层压型金属芯板的绝缘材料填充) . 1574.2.5Cracks in Insulation Material Fill, Laminated Type(层压型板绝缘材料填充中的

34、裂缝) . 1584.2.6Core Bond to Plated-Through Hole Wall(金属芯与镀覆孔壁的连接) . 1594.3Flush Printed Boards(齐平印制板) . 1604.3.1Flushness of Surface Conductor(表面导体的平整性) . 1605Cleanliness(清洁度测试) . 1615.1Solderability(可焊性测试) . 1625.1.1Plated-Through Holes (Applicable to Test C/C1)(镀覆孔(适用于C/C1 测试) ) . 1635.2Electrical

35、Integrity(电完整性) . 164Table of Contents(录)viIPC-A-600H-20102010年4月标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载1.1 SCOPEThis document describes the preferred, acceptable, and noncon-forming conditions that are either externally or internally observ-able on printed boards. It represents the visual interpretation

36、 ofminimum requirements set forth in various printed board specifica-tions, e.g.; IPC-6010 series, J-STD-003, etc.1.1范围本文件描述了可从印制板外部或内部观察到的理想的、可接受的和不符合的条件, 给出了在各种印制板规范,即IPC-6010系列文件、J-STD-003等文件中描述的最低要求的图示说明。1.2 PURPOSEThe visual illustrations in this document portray specific criteria ofthe require

37、ments of current IPC specifications. In order to properlyapply and use the content of this document, the printed boardshould comply with the design requirements of the applicable IPC-2220 series document and the performance requirements of theapplicable IPC-6010 series document. In the event the pri

38、ntedboard does not comply with these or equivalent requirements, thenthe acceptance criteria should be as agreed between user and sup-plier (AABUS).1.2的本文件中的目检示意图描述了现有IPC规范要求的具体准则。为了适当地运用和使用本文件内容,印制板应该符合适用的IPC-2220系列文件的设计要求和适用的IPC-6010系列文件的性能要求。在印制线路板不符合这些要求或等效要求的情况下,验收准则应该由供需双方协商确定(AABUS) 。1.3 APPR

39、OACH TO THIS DOCUMENTCharacteristics are divided into two general groups: Externally Observable (section 2) Internally Observable (section 3)Externally observableconditions are those features orimperfections which can be seen and evaluated on or from the exte-rior surface of the board. In some cases

40、, such as voids or blisters,the actual condition is an internal phenomenon and is detectablefrom the exterior.Internally observableconditions are those features or imper-fections that require microsectioning of the specimen or otherforms of conditioning for detection and evaluation. In some cases,th

41、ese features may be visible from the exterior and require micro-sectioning in order to assess acceptability requirements.Specimens should be illuminated during evaluation to the extentneeded for effective examination. The illumination should be suchthat no shadow falls on the area of interest except

42、 those shadowscaused by the specimen itself. It is recommended that polarizationand/or dark field illumination be employed to prevent glare duringthe examination of highly reflective materials.The illustrations in this document portray specific criteria relatingto the heading and subheading of each

43、page, with brief descriptionsof the acceptable and nonconforming conditions for each productclass. (See 1.4.) The visual quality acceptance criteria are intendedto provide proper tools for the evaluation of visual anomalies. Theillustrations and photographs in each situation are related to spe-cific

44、 requirements. The characteristics addressed are those that canbe evaluated by visual observation and/or measurement of visuallyobservable features.Supported by appropriate user requirements, this document shouldprovide effective visual criteria to quality assurance and manufac-turing personnel.This

45、 document cannot cover all of the reliability concerns encoun-tered in the printed board industry; therefore, attributes notaddressed in this issue shall be AABUS. The value of this docu-ment lies in its use as a baseline document that may be modified byexpansions, exceptions, and variations which m

46、ay be appropriatefor specific applications.When making accept and/or reject decisions, the awareness ofdocumentation precedence must be maintained.This document is a tool for observing how a product may deviatedue to variation in processes. Refer to IPC-9191.IPC-A-600 provides a useful tool for unde

47、rstanding and interpret-ing Automated Inspection Technology (AIT) results. AIT may beapplicable to the evaluation of many of the dimensional character-istics illustrated in this document.1.3本件的使法本文件中的有关特性可分为两大类: 外部可观察特性(第2章) 内部可观察特性(第3章)“外部可观察特性”是指那些可在或可从板外表面观察到并进行评定的特征或瑕疵。在某些情况下,例如空洞或起泡,其实际状况是一种内部现

48、象,但可从外部进行检查。“内部可观察特性”是指那些需要对试样进行显微剖切片或采用其它方法处理才能检查和评定的特征或缺陷。在某些情况下,这些特征可从外部观察到,但仍需要进行显微剖切,以确定其是否符合可接受性要求。为了有效地进行检查,在评定过程中应该保证试样有足够照明,即除试样本身引起的阴影外,照明不应该在所观察的区域产生阴影。建议采用偏振光和/或暗场照明,防止在检验强反射材料的过程中受反光的影响。本文件中的示意图描述了与每页主标题和副标题有关的具体准则,并以文字简述了每级产品的可接受条件和不符合条件(见1.4节)。目检质量验收准则旨在为评定可见异常情况提供1 INTRODUCTION(前)Int

49、roduction(前)1IPC-A-600H-20102010年4月适当的工具。每一种情况下的示意图和照片与具体的要求有关。本文件描述的各种特征可通过目视观察和/或对目视可观察特征的测量进行评定。本文件再加上适当的用户要求,应该足以为质量保证及制造人员提供有效的目检准则。本文件不可能覆盖印制板行业遇到的所有可靠性问题,因此,凡本文件没有提到的特性应当由供需双方协商确定(AABUS) 。本文件的价值在于可将其作为基础文件,为了使之适合于某些具体的应用,可以对其进行补充、免除和变更等修改。当作出接受和/或拒收决定时,必须了解并遵守文件的优先顺序。本文件可作为观察产品如何因工艺波动而导致其质量可能

50、偏离的一种工具。参见IPC-9191。IPC-A-600为理解和解释采用自动检测技术(AIT)检测出的结果提供了有效的工具。自动检测技术(AIT)可用于评定本文件图示的许多尺寸特性。1.4 CLASSIFICATIONThis standard recognizes that electrical and electronic products aresubject to classifications by intended end-item use. Three generalend-product classes have been established to reflect diff

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