1、1Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-2NOTE:Although care wa
2、s taken in choosing and presenting the data in this guide, AWS cannot guarantee that it iserror free. Further, this guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic and therefore may not include allavailable information, including with respect to safety and health issues. By publishi
3、ng this guide, AWS does not insureanyone using the information it contains against any liability or injury to property or persons arising from that use. 2004 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of AmericaCopyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS und
4、er license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-3The inspection requirements for the fabrication and welding of steel structu
5、res are very extensive. This PocketHandbook has been developed to provide a useful tool for inspectors to carry in their pockets or tool kits sothat selected pertinent portions of the AWS Structural Welding CodeSteel, D1.1/D1.1M:2004, can be easilyreferenced at the job site. Underlining is as shown
6、in the code.This publication is not to be considered as a substitute for the D1.1 code book. Rather, the Handbook is providedas a supplemental aid for the “deckplate” inspector. Only the complete code should be considered as the officialdocument to ensure that all of the quality attributes required
7、for structural fabrication are performed correctlyand completely.To assist the inspector, or other user, in verifying conformance to D1.1, the paragraph references, the table num-bers, and the figure numbers contained in this book are directly from the D1.1/D1.1M:2004 code. In addition,page numberin
8、g in this handbook is cross-referenced to reflect both the current page and the corresponding pagefrom the D1.1/D1.1M:2004 code, separated by a “/.” This will provide an easy cross reference for the user toensure that the complete requirements are understood when questions develop during the course
9、of any inspection.IntroductionCopyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-229
10、5.-,-,-4Requirements for Transitions Between Materials of Unequal Thickness.5Thermal Cutting and Access Hole Requirements.9Tolerance of Joint Dimensions.13Dimensional Tolerances of Welded Structural Members.19Base Material Surface Requirements.25Weld Profile Requirements .26Acceptance Criteria for V
11、isual Inspection of Welds.32Index.37Table of ContentsCopyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please callthe Document Poli
12、cy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-5Figure 2.21Transition of Thickness of Butt Joints in Parts ofUnequal Thickness (Tubular) (see 2.25 pg. 22)Requirements for Transitions Between Materials of Unequal Thickness5/pg. 55Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSDocument provid
13、ed by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-6Figure 2.21 (Contd)Transition of Thickness of Butt Joints in Parts ofUnequal Thickness (Tubular) (see 2.25 pg.
14、 22)Requirements for Transitions Between Materials of Unequal Thickness6/pg. 55Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this message: pl
15、ease callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-7Figure 2.2Transition of Butt Joints in Parts of Unequal Thickness (Nontubular)(see 2.7.1 pg. 10 and 2.16.1.1 pg. 14)Requirements for Transitions Between Materials of Unequal Thickness7/pg. 42Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS u
16、nder license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-8Figure 2.12Transition of Width (Cyclically Loaded Nontubular) (see 2.16.1.
17、2 pg. 14)Requirements for Transitions Between Materials of Unequal Thickness8/pg. 48Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this messag
18、e: please callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-95.15.4.3 Roughness Requirements. In thermalcutting, the equipment shall be so adjusted andmanipulated as to avoid cutting beyond (inside) theprescribed lines. The roughness of all thermal cutsurfaces shall be no greater than that defined
19、by theAmerican National Standards Institute surface rough-ness value of 1000 in. 25 m for material up to4 in. 100 mm thick and 2000 in. 50 m for mate-rial 4 in. to 8 in. 200 mm thick, with the followingexception: the ends of members not subject to calcu-lated stress at the ends shall not exceed a su
20、rfaceroughness value of 2000 in. ANSI/ASME B46.1,Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, andLay) is the reference standard. AWS Surface Rough-ness Guide for Oxygen Cutting (AWS C4.1-77) maybe used as a guide for evaluating surface roughnessof these edges. For materials up to and including 4 in
21、.100 mm thick, Sample No. 3 shall be used, andfor materials over 4 in. up to 8 in. 200 mm thick,Sample No. 2 shall be used.5.15.4.4 Gouge or Notch Limitations. Rough-ness exceeding these values and notches or gougesnot more than 3/16 in. 5 mm deep on other wisesatisfactory surfaces shall be removed
22、by machiningor grinding. Notches or gouges exceeding 3/16 in.5 mm deep may be repaired by grinding if thenominal cross-sectional area is not reduced by morethan 2%. Ground or machined surfaces shall be faredto the original surface with a slope not exceeding onein ten. Cut surfaces and adjacent edges
23、 shall be leftfree of slag. In thermal-cut surfaces, occasionalnotches or gouges may, with approval of the Engi-neer, be repaired by welding.5.16 Reentrant CornersReentrant corners of cut material shall be formedto provide a gradual transition with a radius of notless than 1 in. 25 mm. Adjacent surf
24、aces shall meetwithout offset or cutting past the point of tangency.Thermal Cutting and Access Hole Requirements9/pg. 185Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Qu
25、estions or comments about this message: please callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-10The reentrant corners may be formed by thermal cut-ting, followed by grinding, if necessary, to meet thesurface requirements of 5.15.4.3.5.17 Beam Copes and Weld Access HolesRadii of beam copes and we
26、ld access holesshall provide a smooth transition free of notches orcutting past the points of tangency between adjacentsurfaces and shall meet the surface requirements of5.15.4.3.5.17.1 Weld Access Hole Dimensions. All weld ac-cess holes required to facilitate welding operationsshall have a length (
27、?) from the toe of the weldpreparation not less than 1-1/2 times the thickness ofthe material in which the hole is made. The height(h) of the access hole shall be adequate for depo-sition of sound weld metal in the adjacent plates andprovide clearance for weld tabs for the weld in thematerial in whi
28、ch the hole is made, but not less thanthe thickness of the material. In hot rolled shapes andbuilt-up shapes, all beam copes and weld accessholes shall be shaped free of notches or sharp re-entrant corners except that when fillet web-to-flangewelds are used in built-up shapes, access holes maytermin
29、ate perpendicular to the flange. Fillet weldsshall not be returned through weld access holes (seeFigure 5.2).5.17.2 Group 4 and 5 Shapes. For ASTM A6Group 4 and 5 shapes and built-up shapes with webmaterial thickness greater than 1-1/2 in. 40 mm, thethermally cut surfaces of beam copes and weld acce
30、ssholes shall be ground to bright metal and inspectedby either MT or PT. If the curved transition portion ofweld access holes and beam copes are formed by pre-drilled or sawed holes, that portion of the access holeor cope need not be ground. Weld access holes andbeam copes in other shapes need not b
31、e ground norinspected by MT or PT.10/pg. 185Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please callthe Document Policy Group
32、at 303-397-2295.-,-,-11Figure 5.2Weld Access Hole Geometry (see 5.17.1 pg. 185)11/pg. 196Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this m
33、essage: please callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-12General Notes:For ASTM A 6 Group 4 and 5 shapes and welded built-up shapes with web thickness more than 1-1/2 in. 40 mm, preheat to150F 65C prior to thermal cutting, grind and inspect thermally cut edges of access hole using MT or P
34、T methods prior tomaking web and flange splice groove welds.These are typical details for joints welded from one side against steel backing. Alternative joint designs should be considered.Notes:1.Radius shall provide smooth notch-free transition; R 3/8 in. 10 mm (Typical 1/2 in. 12 mm).2.Access hole
35、 made after welding web to flange.3.Access hole made before welding web to flange. Weld not returned through hole.4.hmin = 3/4 in. 20 mm or tw (web thickness), whichever is greater.Figure 5.2 (Contd)Weld Access Hole Geometry (see 5.17.1 pg. 185)12/pg. 196Copyright American Welding Society Provided b
36、y IHS under license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-135.22.1 Fillet Weld Assembly. The parts to be joinedby fillet welds
37、 shall be brought into as close contact aspracticable. The root opening shall not exceed 3/16 in.5 mm except in cases involving either shapes orplates 3 in. 75 mm or greater in thickness if, afterstraightening and in assembly, the root opening cannotbe closed sufficiently to meet this tolerance. In
38、suchcases, a maximum root opening of 5/16 in. 8 mmmay be used, provided suitable backing is used. Back-ing may be of flux, glass tape, iron powder, or similarmaterials, or welds using a low-hydrogen processcompatible with the filler metal deposited. If the sepa-ration is greater than 1/16 in. 2 mm,
39、the leg of thefillet weld shall be increased by the amount of the rootopening, or the contractor shall demonstrate that therequired effective throat has been obtained.5.22.1.1 Faying Surface. The separation be-tween faying surfaces of plug and slot welds, andof butt joints landing on a backing, shal
40、l not exceed1/16 in. 2 mm. Where irregularities in rolled shapesoccur after straightening do not allow contact withinthe above limits, the procedure necessary to bring thematerial within these limits shall be subject to theapproval of the Engineer. The use of filler plates shallbe prohibited except
41、as specified on the drawings oras specially approved by the Engineer and made inaccordance with 2.13.5.22.2 PJP Groove Weld Assembly. The parts to bejoined by PJP groove welds parallel to the length ofthe member shall be brought into as close contact aspracticable. The root opening between parts sha
42、ll notexceed 3/16 in. 5 mm except in cases involvingrolled shapes or plates 3 in. 75 mm or greater inthickness if, after straightening and in assembly, theroot opening cannot be closed sufficiently to meet thistolerance. In such cases, a maximum root opening of5/16 in. 8 mm may be used, provided sui
43、table back-ing is used and the final weld meets the requirementsTolerance of Joint Dimensions13/pg. 187Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSDocument provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112, 08/26/2004 23:33:59 MDT Questions or comment
44、s about this message: please callthe Document Policy Group at 303-397-2295.-,-,-14for weld size. Tolerances for bearing joints shall be inconformance with the applicable contract specifications.5.22.3 Butt Joint Alignment. Parts to be joined atbutt joints shall be carefully aligned. Where the partsa
45、re effectively restrained against bending due toeccentricity in alignment, the offset from the theoreti-cal alignment shall not exceed 10% of the thicknessof the thinner part joined, or 1/8 in. 3 mm, which-ever is smaller. In correcting misalignment in suchcases, the parts shall not be drawn in to a
46、 greaterslope than 1/2 in. 12 mm in 12 in. 300 mm. Mea-surement of offset shall be based upon the centerlineof parts unless otherwise shown on the drawings.5.22.3.1 Girth Weld Alignment (Tubular).Abutting parts to be joined by girth welds shall becarefully aligned. No two girth welds shall be locate
47、dcloser than one pipe diameter or 3 ft 1 m, whicheveris less. There shall be no more than two girth welds inany 10 ft 3 m interval of pipe, except as may beagreed upon by the Owner and Contractor. Radialoffset of abutting edges of girth seams shall notexceed 0.2t (where t is the thickness of the thi
48、nnermember) and the maximum allowable shall be 1/4 in.6 mm, provided that any offset exceeding 1/8 in.3 mm is welded from both sides. However, withthe approval of the Engineer, one localized area pergirth seam may be offset up to 0.3t with a maximumof 3/8 in. 10 mm, provided the localized area isund
49、er 8t in length. Filler metal shall be added to thisregion to provide a 4 to 1 transition and may be addedin conjunction with making the weld. Offsets inexcess of this shall be corrected as provided in 5.22.3.Longitudinal weld seams of adjoining sections shallbe staggered a minimum of 90, unless clo
50、ser spacingis agreed upon by the Owner and Fabricator.5.22.4 Groove Dimensions5.22.4.1 Nontubular Cross-Sectional Variations.With the exclusion of ESW and EGW, and with theexception of 5.22.4.3 for root openings in excess ofthose permitted in Figure 5.3, the dimensions of thecross section of the gro
