1、UDC p GB/T 50095-2014 Standard for essential terminology and symbol in hydrology 2014-12-02*1 2015-08-01 Mt!lfl A o 1t m o fJjX!it i!t gB lflA,oftflJaj Standard for essential terminology and symbol in hydrology GB/T 50095-2014 W fl:J=ft$A *00 1.K f1J$mmwn=9=t$A*oottmfrliflX ltiiW MP:1-T B AA:2 o 1 s
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8、clf.(34)2.9 rs 11.$.c 3 9)2.1 o rB c 4 s)2.11(Jj(Jll(47)2.12 1PJD1Jlr:9 (49)2.13!jfjlf.(53)2.14 jtg-r 11.c 5 5)2.15 rfl7j(:):.(67)3 7.J.x l,!t fX)(j (6 9)3.1.lfCi-ft (69)3.2 7.J.:t t!i!tl M.c 7 o)3.3 Jl.:t t!i!tl M f1C J!t!i!tl Jt c 71)3.4 11.:t tl M f1C Hll 9r Jt c 7 3)3.5 7J.:timtlMf1C1JltilliJt c
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10、1 I!i!tl.c 1 o 6)4.9,J m 11 I!i!tl.c 1 o 1)4.10 7JllI!i!tl.(110)4.11 trllftl.(111)4.12:fjDj ff 11!J!tl.(113)4.13 1Jj7Jrn.JI!i!tl.(113)4.14 7J$7J:)(:tJi!I.(115)4.15 7J.:)(:ifsijif .(117)4.16 71.X c120)s 1.KxfJ&Jll!.025)5.1-JiJi.:f:i!.(125)5.2!B:ff01.(126)5.3 7J:)(:$.(135)6 7j(x f#*jjj!*.(14 2)6.1-JiJ
11、i.:f:i!.(142)6.2 7J x ff 1ll.(14 8)6.3 mtblrCmt.(149)6.4,J x m .c 1 s 4)2 6.5 m 1.K t!l!*.c 15 6)6.6;f;!t7j(jjl!1fl.(158)6.7 Jfcf!l!11i.(159)6.8 7j(t!l!tm!J.(159)6.9 7j(!fi:jjj!1fl.(159)6.10 ff J:!Ii*.(15 9)7 7j()C 7j(ff J it.(161)1.1*m.c161)1.2 1.K x!1f.it m 1.K x c 16 5)7.3 i&t it 7j(.(1 71)7.4 i&
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15、!JI C364)*f F tt.m i .(4 6 7):x i .(4 6 9)4 Contents 1 General provisions (1)2 Common terms (2)2.1 Basic terms (2)2.2 Hydrology (3)2.3 H ydrologic cycle (5)2.4 H ydrometeorology(11)2.5 Watershed and drainage system (18)2.6 River regime (27)2.7 2.8 Sediment Ice regime(30)(34)2.9 I.ake and reservior (
16、3 9)2.10 Mi re (4 5)2.11 Glacier (4 7)2.12 Estuarine tide (49)2.13 Soil moisture (53)2.14 Groundwater (55)2.15 Urban hydrology (6 7)3 Hydrometric station network (69)3.1 Basic terms (69)3.2 Hydrometric station (70)3.3 Classification of hydrometric station according to monitoring features (71)3.4 Cla
17、ssification of hydrometric station according to service purposes(73)5 3.5 Classification of hydrometric station according to layout locatior1 (71)3.6 Classification of hydrometric station according to operating mode (7 5)3.7 Hydrometric station network (76)3.8 Hydrometric monitoring settings (77)3.9
18、 Management of hydrometric station network (78)4 Hydrologic monitoring C 80)4.1 Basic terms (80)4.2 Hydrometric infrastructure and measurement (82)4.3 Precipitation and evaporation observation (87)4.4 Stage,water temporature,and wave observation (88)4.5 Depth and cross-section measurement (90)4.6 Fl
19、ow velocity,flow direction,and discharge 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 measurement (92)Sediment measurement and particle size analysis(100)Groundwater observation (106)Water environment monitoring Aquatic ecology monitoring(107)(110)Ice regime o bserva ti on (111)Soil moisture monit
20、oring Hydrometry of tidal river Hydrometry of reservior Hydrologic investigation(113)(113)(115)(117)Hydrometric error (120)5 Hydrologic data processing.(125)5.1 Basic terms (125)5.2 Hydrologic data processing and compiling (126)5.3 Hydrologic database 035)6 6 Hydro logic information anl hydrologic f
21、orecasting(142)6.l lasic tern1s (142)6.2 Hydrologic information (148)6.3 Runoff yield and flow concentration 0 49)6.4 Hydrologic model (154)6.5 Flood forecasting (156)6.6 Low-flow forecasting (158)6.7 Ice forecasting (159)6.8 Water resources predictiont (159)6.9 Water quality prediction (159)6.10 Dr
22、ought regime prediction (159)7 Hydrologic computation and water conservancy 8 computation (161)7.1 Ba ic terms (161)7.2 Hydrologic statistics and stochastic hydrology (165)7.3 Design flood (171)7.4 Design annual runoff (176)7.5 Design storm (177)7.6 Probable maximum precipitation and probable maximt
23、1m flood (179)7.7 Drainage of surface water and drainage of subsurface water 7.8 Water conservancy computation Water resources (181)(183)(186)8.1 Basic terms (186)8.2 Water resources survey and assessment (188)8.3 8.4 Water resources system analysis Water resources planning(192)(193)8.5 Water resour
24、ces development and utilization Cl 95)9 Water environment (199)7 9.1 Basic terms (199)9.2 Water environment quality (202)9.3 Assessment of water environment quality (206)9.4 Water environment protection (210)10 Hydroecology (213)10.1 Basic terms (213)10.2 10.3 Aqua tic ecos ys tern H ydroecological
25、assessment(214)(215)10.4 Ecological restoration (217)11 Hydrometric instrument and measuring (219)11.1 Basic terms (21 9)11.2 Hydrometric device (220)11.3 Devices for precipitation and evaporation observation 11.4 Devices for stage,water temporature,and wave(221)observation (225)11.5 Devices for dep
26、th and cross-section measurement (230)11.6 Devices for flow velocity,flow direction,and discharge measurement (231)11.7 Devices for sediment measurement and particle size analysis (237)11.8 Devices for groundwater observation (240)11.9 Devices for ice regime observation (242)11.10 Devices for soil m
27、oisture monitoring(243)11.11 Devices for water environment monitoring (244)11.12 Hydrologic data acquisition system (244)11.13 H ydrometric measuring (2 4 7)12 Hydrologic experiment (253)12.1 Basic terms (253)12.2 Runoff experiment.,.(254)8 12.3 Evaporation experiment (255)12.4 Hydrologic experiment
28、 of reservoir (256)12.5 Observation experiment on fluvial process (256)12.6 Groundwater and soil water experiment (256)13 Symbol (258)Appendix A Index entry for Chinese-English (262)Appendix B Index entry for English-Chinese (364)Explanation of wording in this standard (467)Addi ti on:Explanation of
29、 provisions C 469)9 1 1.o.1 1.J!Jt 007JX E8*7f:irtlilimffl%,flJ-T1Jilt!00 r*J)Jj(Xf4 tt#ifit,1t 1917j(Xf4 tt*mk,1fftj E*f Ito 1.o.2*t!Fllmffl T7lX9r Ift bzJJX-1tkf4E8f4 tt?f:iiJF 0 1.o.3 7lX*?f:iff%Mit*t1F11E),r6JMito fr:ff t1F1tE8E o 1 2 Wffl*i!2.1-tt*ifi 2.1.1 7j()C hydrology*#o 2.1.2 7j(water 1-U
30、ffi-T-iDi-T-it!Jm,A H20,xxSA1*,nt,llfil#*1-T fII 7j(l1fil fYJ Jj(fYJ 7j(ft 0 2.1.3 7j(Im hydrosphere Jtl!f3j(7j(1*,fYJ 0 2.1.4 7j(1*water body 1C!tX:AI%1.K fJl1*,1QJr$,iiiJr!tt C iiiJ),ia C1.K$),iN if OJtf!),Jj(JJ I,fR,Jtf!T 1.K*Im 1.K o 2.1.5 Jtl!7j(surface water tiE-r1nJ mt,rs,1.KW,rN if,Jj(J 1Jj(
31、ifii1.K 1*1.K 5t ,f*0 2.1.6 Jtf!T 7j(groundwater 5lA:tll!nl-TJH!00 T fLIDj(,J!lJLfif Wj(mJJ 1.K o)-JJtl!00 T*#%1.K o 2.1.7 Jj(soil water-TfiE-TRWj(*Y*llfil*ft%AfiE*o 2.1.8 7j(ft water vapor*Jj(o 2.1.9 !fm7j(biowater*#*f*0 2 2.2 7Jc m!%nx:,1f:1-t&J:tffi 1Ll0t*a$:f4 0 2.2.5 J:tffF 7j(7j()C$:groundwate
32、r hydrology 1VfT*Z911f:1-tmfOtt,if!T*&it!T*i-f1fl,Jf ,ffjffl f*jft f01f *Jj()C!OJ$:f4 0 2.2.6 W Jj()C hillslope hydrology 1Vfw*x!fmttwm&7trr-n*x$:7tx f4o 2.2.7 rimra(7j(P-f:)7j()C lake hydrologyClimnology)1VfWH8f01j(J:f=t1Jcxm1 BJ bt,btfO 1 1t$lk rim($)Jj(JffJJJfjf*fPf4o 2.2.8 fnJmt1j()C river hydro
33、logy 1jJf tPJ mt?&i1i!Jl tf 1iE tPJ t1t *1 mt%JJX:tt w tPJ mt 7j(fli!fO Jj(J tPJ t1t tp fO tPJ 1*Uli 1f:tiiJ mt 7j(1PJ mt SJ *f4o 2.2.9 1iiJ tJ 7j()C estuary hydrology 1VftJ*r!tttt,&mm*o 3 2.2.10 iB 1:JJ.)C+swamp hydrology;mire hydrology 1iff?it iB rp 11 :f D Ii.,7j(5t:16?11 ,ft)Jft iH rf 8J 1=-4m 1
34、*til xmz*&m4mz*_:flJ.o 2.2.11 Jj(J I f;j(Jc*g 1 a c i er hydro 1 o g y 1iJf J-1:UJc J 1 r rr 7-t f5,*fU lli:ZjJ,fJJ J 1 r PMt;j(12 mt f1J%nX:ii w,Jj(Jr r r Jk f1J*m 1M fl1 rm i9!f1J f-4 o 2.2.12 mzJtj;j(;t applied hydrology illffl*-X&*#f1Jm,*x fjJ Jai 12;fOJI1t,11ffi*-1i It m:1;j(X Ii,11 X$f fO;J X!
35、ff!fll n*BJf4o 2.2.12.1#JJrff 7j(Y:_ urban hydrology 1jJf 1E !t -rJJ fJl J$ff)$,:U rTi it nr:n ff Jj(X Ji WJJf-4 o 2.2.12.2 jJf*;j(Y:_ forest hydrology*:ii*KffJ f 4,t8#l*xt;j(:il,;J.x Fff fO;j(&t J or:n JJ.;j(7 111.i:ct fl 9=t xt *1:-L it 11 ffJ ft ffl o 2.2.12.3 7j(_X agricultural hydrology Wf3l;Jc
36、*-t1i*9=1 SJfF*1-K:f4 ffJJj(X fn LJk M*1*ffJ#o 2.2.12.4 I;j()C engineering hydrology jg IfjJlU f:l:it I if ll 1ilkJ 1;j(x 1t ffS ffJ f-4,m 7j()C tvHlt 7j(Xit-7j(5f1Ht-*-1;j(1i5t if 1fr 0 2.2.13 ruHtfL;JY:1l!J:stochastic hydrology*tt*X*mtt%*)C#o 2.2.14 ffm;j(:)(environmental hydrology 1Vf A rr!i:rg15
37、1 ff;J x ff 1-tRJt PF z rm ffl IL!R*B:f4 0 4 2.2.15 1:_;J.x ecohydrology W*k*llffili*ffl,filffl m*1 m,J,!fm xt;t:7J.PF:rt 8J m 11:,ta*1t xt rnr J 1112 1t-I:J iiJ i1t JJ fj lJ o(u lZ ii;fj1 ;j()C 1Jfil Pf fsJ(jJ&tlfl m jfl!l ft:f4 0 2.2.16 fnj 1ftt Jj()C isotope hydrology ffl&*M#o 2.2.17 IKf9-:X7j()C
38、$regional hydrology 1iJf JHJ 4 El W:Jtf!CR(o ritJ Cl AA-4 Jtf!LR lZ T lf1 f3:)BJc t#-01 ffJ 1t 14t a1:fJto 2.2.18 Jj()Citf!$hydrogeology 1iJf itf!r,J.Bl%7t 1fl Wt tJffi t fil 1f bt flJ m -jg ff:tlffi Ji*8J#f4 0 2.2.19 jtfj$7J)C marine hydrology 1iJf*Bl4mttfn*#lJbtm$lJ$f4o 2.3 7J x.$2.3.1 Jj()C 11 ff
39、(JJ 11 Pf)hydro 1 o gi c cycle Jtf!l:E-:X:IK J*J,1 Jc E mi H fO 11 iJ ft JifF,1J.?t Jfil ii 21:7j(jJ!()f 7j(A 1mtiitiWTit 1f$lJJ!M o 2.3.1.1;J 1%f ff R J3t dimension of hydro logic cycle(scale of hydrologic cycle)1iJf7Jmf f.f fff lkitf!lJ 7c1J,7ciU f3J,1J iU 1J 71 IK o 2.3.1.2 7Jf!ifF global hydrolo
40、gic cycle$71 MJJtf!7J 7cJJZ!BJ ff 7Jlt3tJ!M o 2.3.1.3 jc (f)tfi Jj(ff)hydro logic cycle between ocean and continent 5 BJ Jf-Mt:L1f!z rBJ ra 1k r-:I!fl1 12 mt f1F tt1t JI E8 1k v.1k 7t 3to 2.3.1.4 Jj!Jf hydrologic cycle between ocean/land and atmosphere!Xr*z,Mi:L1f!*zE8*0 2.3.2 7j()C hydrologic eleme
41、nt-!1f!g:f-E8*XME8,tit)7j()Cff E8!fm!t ffl#7j()Cit fl 7j()C ll ,v-f-P Lg.,v Ji.t:;:.;:1:;ts:.,&.-111.,v F.&,v.)El!$:.7J.?ff IX.7J-,_L.tJIL .VIL Hi.i3 LY.m.7J JYJ.7J tlIIl 0 2.3.3 7j()Cff hydrologic regime rnrtii.W:Jrs.1kJ$1k 1*1kx atrBJ E8 1-tfflJG o ffl 11 v_at rBJ 8 1-t.-rx rJt 1k E8 tit tt:ttw.-E
42、8 tii tt fl.riiJ J11 1211rt1:89 Pl fllrBJ 89 1-t 0 2.3.4 7j()CXill hydrologic effect*XMfl1Affl89illo 2.3.5 7j(jt-f-jf water balance*)CJfg:(ff-PJ,-A89*itr-ili tn1lii ii1kiizfl10 2.3.5.1 f*7j(-f-jf global water balance-:t*89%Ao 2.3.6 tl!:f heat balance itf!_t ff-g1J1*,:t-5Eat Jt J,im#1rA1J Et9-fnE8IZr
43、g*1*-o 2.3.7 tt;:lt-f-if salt balance Jff!l:ff-g:h!1j(1*,1-)E at f&pg,7t E8 -T,.Attru A-iliitz*1*7tEt9-Titlto 2.3.8*=(7j(j*it atmospheric water vapor content*=C*=C*Et9itoWmW=Cttm*$-*ftttPJ%E8ffi*o 6 2.3.9 jcJJR:i!atmospheric water vapor transport*M-g:i!-gMC):1!U c 11)Jm o 2.3.9.1 7j(f-t7j(1fJ!horizo
44、ntal water vapor transport*fil*+M-:t&IR#-:t&gJifjo vertical water vapor transport*M#M#Jifjo 2.3.10 7j(f-tJ!Jm.jt atmospheric water vapor flux$&:im.:11$&oom-*1-tio 2.3.10.1 7j(f-t-AI input of water vapor-Jm.Ji-g-A*f-tilo 2.3.10.2 7j(f-t-ili I output of water vapor-:im.:11-IR-ili*f-tilo 2.3.10.3 7j(jJ
45、m.jtftt)jt flux divergence of water vapor$&A$&mMmmMili*1-tio flux divergence field of water vapor iE rBJ,71 1:im.Ilttlt%JJt :%o 2.3.10.5 7j(ft source of water vapor flt ll 1.J iE fjJ!ti!7j(ft Jm rPJ(lg JWJ 1t flt 0 2.3.10.6 7j(ft 1 sink of water vapor fttlt:JJ ill:t&g,7J r-tM llY WJ :t&IR re o 2.3.1
46、0.7 7j(f-t*fIR convergence zone of water vapor 7j(ftb ll9 WJ rC :t&IR o 2.3.10.8 7J.ft*ffttIR divergence zone of water vapor 7J.ft ll9 WJ 1t (fl:t&IR o 2.3.11 71.precipitation 7 JAJc rrrtU!tf!mff1 1ktll-T,om it o 2.3.12 ffi ram JAJcrf11tU!tf!ltif81k o 2.3.12.1 ffi rainfall*9=tf8*-*1tltif80 2.3.12.2
47、ffiltifn rainfall area ffiEJl8jfg*ITfffgo 2.3.12.3 m?-fl rainfall distribution m 1 at fa fO faJ _t f81t ff l o 2.3.12.4$rainy season m tt*X rr 8$11 o 2.3.13 snow Jett a/F f8 fJJra c*ra)fllJtit clfil)if.JJ(:f81k 0 2.3.13.1 fn*snow cover Mr!ti!*m 8 ltlff o 2.3.13.2 M!f!snowmelt jj7j(f80 2.3.13.3 7).fQ
48、 permanent snowcover E8*%f8-11tl!*lti#/F1tf80 2.3.14 (Jj(1I)hail ft rfiE t JJIJ5i!f8 fR ffi L6 rft fi f8 1i 1 5 mm _t f8 fJJ Jj(o fqi-=f -=f Hf-=f P(rij ffi o 2.3.15 ft graupel E8 El/Fajj 8%Uil1Tl%c1It 1 2mm r-._,Smm)f8 m ii f8 Jj(0 2.3.16 M interception Jj(ft tt lltt f8 0 2.3.17 r!depression detent
49、ion 8 Jj(JE!m 00!ff ml 0 2.3.18 Jm 00$surface detention*M$%m*W$MOOml,ffitto 2.3.18.1-f*;j(m storage capacity of rainfall tttl!-K*l1,7j(lttl1*ifffiffjfjfJ0 2.3.19;&evaporation Rfflliokm*7j(f-C 0 2.3.20 fW 00 ;&(J ;&)land evaporation mt J*J 1.K oo c*)ii.,!lt 11.,m ii.cm.?A)ff1 Jf!,0 2.3.20.1 Jj(00 it evaporation of water surface*OO*lli*OOff1mlo 2.3.20.2 11(;&soil evaporation ff1*%liL*R*OO*A*mlo trans pira ti on ff1*%ttlOOttf*R%*A*mlo 2.3.20.4 m1t:&phreatic water evapor_ation m*limii.*A*o 2.3.20.5?l;&fJ evaporation capability-Jm 0014,1-f 1E%1.Kat,Jf!il.at r&l*l*ffj7j(it 0 2.3.21 CA)infiltration*
