1、 Approved as an American National Standard(ANSI)IEEE Std 242-2001(Revision ofIEEE Std 242-1986)IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Sponsor Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Department of the IEEE Industry Applications Society App
2、roved 14 June 2001 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract:The principles of system protection and the proper selection,application,andcoordination of components that may be required to protect industrial and commercial powersystems against abnormalities that could reasonably be expected to occur in the co
3、urse ofsystem operation are presented in a in a simple,yet comprehensive,format.The principlespresented apply to both new electrical system design and to the changing,upgrading,orexpansion of an existing electrical distribution system.Keywords:bus protection,cable protection,calibration,conductor pr
4、otection,coordinatingtime intervals,current transformers,current-limiting fuses,fuse coordination,fuse selectivity,generator grounding,generator protection,high-voltage fuses,liquid preservation systems,low-voltage motor protection,medium-voltage motor protection,motor protection,overcurrentprotecti
5、on,potential transformers,power fuses,protective relays,relay application principles,relay operating principles,service protection,short-circuit protection,switchgear protection,system design,system protection,transformer protection,voltage transformers Grateful acknowledgment is made to the followi
6、ng organizations for having granted permission toreprint material in this document as listed below:Table 10-1 from National Electrical Manufacturers Assocation.Reprinted from NEMA MG10-1994 by permission of the National Manufacturers Assocation.Copy-right 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturer
7、s Assocation.All rights,including translation intoother languages,reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention,the Berne Convention for the Pro-tection of Literary and Artistic Works,and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions.Figure 10-14,Figure 10-15,and Figure 10-18 from Ben
8、tley-Nevada.Figure 10-16 and Figure 10-17 from API 541-1995.First Printing17 December 2001SH94930SS94930The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,Inc.3 Park Avenue,New York,NY 10016-5997,USACopyright 2001 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,Inc.All rights reserved.Pu
9、blished 17 December 2001.Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN 0-7381-2844-9No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Soci
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22、 should be addressed to:Secretary,IEEE-SA Standards Board445 Hoes LaneP.O.Box 1331Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331USA iv Copyright 2001 IEEE.All rights reserved.The IEEE and its designees are the sole entities that may authorize the use of the IEEE-owned certificationmarks and/or trademarks to indicate comp
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25、lled to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mat-ter covered by patent rights.By publication of this standard,no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith.The IEEE shall not be responsible for id
26、entifying patentsfor which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity orscope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2001 IEEE.All rights reserved.v Introduction(This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std 242-2001,IEEE Rec
27、ommended Practice for Protection andCoordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems.)IEEE Std 242-2001,the IEEE Buff Book,has been extensively revised and updated since itwas first published in 1975.The IEEE Buff Book deals with the proper selection,application,and coordination of the compon
28、ents that constitute system protection for industrial plants andcommercial buildings.System protection and coordination serve to minimize damage to asystem and its components in order to limit the extent and duration of any service interruptionoccurring on any portion of the system.A valuable,compre
29、hensive sourcebook for use at the system design stage as well as inmodifying existing operations,the IEEE Buff Book is arranged in a convenient step-by-stepformat.It presents complete information on protection and coordination principles designedto protect industrial and commercial power systems aga
30、inst any abnormalities that couldreasonably be expected to occur in the course of system operation.Design features are provided forQuick isolation of the affected portion of the system while maintaining normaloperation elsewhereReduction of the short-circuit current to minimize damage to the system,
31、itscomponents,and the utilization equipment it suppliesProvision of alternate circuits,automatic throwovers,and automatic reclosing devices Participants At the time this recomended practice was approved,the IEEE Working Group on Protectionand Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems h
32、ad the following membersand contributors:Carey Cook,Chair Chapter 1:First principles Robert G.Hoerauf,Chair;R.G.(Jerry)IrvineChapter 2:Short-circuit calculations Louie J.Powell,Chair;David S.Baker,Chet Davis,John F.WitteChapter 3:Instrument transformers James D.Bailey and David S.Baker,Cochairs;B.J.
33、Behroon,Louie J.Powell,Marcelo ValdesChapter 4:Selection and application of protective relays Keith R.Cooper,N.T.(Terry)Stringer,John F.Witte,Cochairs;Bruce G.Bailey,David S.Baker,James W.Brosnahan,Carey J.Cook,David D.Shipp,John F.WitteChapter 5:Low-voltage fuses Vincent J.Saporita,Chair;Robert L.S
34、mith,Alan F.WilkinsonChapter 6:High-voltage fuses John R.Cooper,Chair;Carey J.Cook,Herb Pflanz,Kris Ranjan,John F.Witte vi Copyright 2001 IEEE.All rights reserved.Chapter 7:Low-voltage circuit breakers George D.Gregory,Chair;Bruce G.Bailey,John Chiloyan,Keith R.Cooper,R.G.(Jerry)Irvine,Steve Schaffe
35、rChapter 8:Ground-fault protection Shaun P.Slattery,Chair;James P.Brosnahan,John Chiloyan,Edward Gaylon,Daniel.J.Love,Elliot Rappaport,StevenSchaffer,S.I.VenugopalanChapter 9:Conductor protection William Reardon,Chair;John Chiloyan,George D.Gregory,Alan C.Pierce,Vincent J.SaporitaChapter 10:Motor pr
36、otection Daniel J.Love,Chair;Al Hughes,Alan C.Pierce,Lorraine K.Padden,Joseph S.Dudor,R.G.(Jerry)IrvineChapter 11:Transformer protection Alan C.Pierce,Chair;Carey J.Cook,John R.Cooper,Jerry Frank,Vincent J.Saporita,N.T.(Terry)Stringer,Ralph H.YoungChapter 12:Generator protection Alan C.Pierce,Chairs
37、;Jay D.Fisher,Robert G.Hoerauf,Danial J.Love,Robert L.Simpson,Ralph H.YoungChapter 13:Bus and switchgear protection Robert L.Smith,Jr.,Chair;Edward Gaylon,Steve Schaffer,John SteeleChapter 14:Service supply line protection Lorraine K.Padden,Chair;ConsumerInterface Protection and Relaying Practices S
38、ubcommittees of the IEEE PowerSystems Relaying CommitteeChapter 15:Overcurrent coordination N.T.(Terry)Stringer,Chair;Bruce G.Bailey,Keith R.Cooper,Joseph S.Dudor,Douglas Durand,Tim Fink,Jay D.Fisher,George D.Gregory,William M.Hall,Steve Schaffer,John F.Witte,Ralph H.YoungChapter 16:Maintenance,test
39、ing,and calibration R.G.(Jerry)Irvine,Chair;Donald J.Akers,Jerry S.Baskin,Roderic L.Hageman,Ted Olsen,Gabe Paoletti,ElliotRappaport,David,L.Swindler,Neil H.Woodley The following members of the balloting group voted on this standard.Balloters may havevoted for approval,disapproval,or abstention:Bruce
40、 G.BaileyJames D.BaileyDavid S.BakerRay M.ClarkCarey J.CookJohn R.CooperChet DavisGeorge D.GregoryRobert G.HoeraufR.G.(Jerry)IrvineDaniel J.LoveLorraine K.PaddenAlan C.PierceLouie J.PowellWilliam ReardonVincent J.SaporitaDavid D.ShippShaun P.SlatteryRobert L.Smith,Jr.N.T.(Terry)StringerJohn F.WitteR
41、alph H.Young Copyright 2001 IEEE.All rights reserved.viiWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 14 June 2001,it had the fol-lowing membership:Donald N.Heirman,Chair James T.Carlo,Vice Chair Judith Gorman,Secretary*Member Emeritus Also included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA St
42、andards Board liaison:Alan Cookson,NIST Representative Donald R.Volzka,TAB Representative Noelle D.Humenick IEEE Standards Project Editor IEEE Color Book Series and IEEE Buff Book are both registered trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Elec-tronics Engineers,Inc.National Electrical Code an
43、d NEC are both registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association,Inc.National Electrical Safety Code and NESC are both registered trademarks and service marks of the Institute of Elec-trical and Electronics Engineers,Inc.Satish K.AggarwalMark D.BowmanGary R.EngmannHarold E.EpsteinH.L
44、andis FloydJay Forster*Howard M.FrazierRuben D.GarzonJames H.GurneyRichard J.HollemanLowell G.JohnsonRobert J.KennellyJoseph L.Koepfinger*Peter H.LipsL.Bruce McClungDaleep C.MohlaJames W.MooreRobert F.MunznerRonald C.PetersenGerald H.PetersonJohn B.PoseyGary S.RobinsonAkio TojoDonald W.Zipse viii Co
45、pyright 2001 IEEE.All rights reserved.Copyright 2001 IEEE.All rights reserved.ix Contents Chapter.1First principles.11.1 Overview.11.2 Protection against abnormalities.31.3 Planning system protection.41.4 Preliminary design.51.5 Basic protective equipment.71.6 Special protection.81.7 Field follow-up
46、.81.8 References.8Chapter 2Short-circuit calculations.112.1 Introduction.112.2 Types of short-circuit currents.122.3 The nature of short-circuit currents.132.4 Protective device currents.152.5 Per-unit calculations.192.6 Short-circuit current calculation methods.192.7 Symmetrical components.202.8 Ne
47、twork interconnections.282.9 Calculation examples.332.10 Specialized faults for protection studies.412.11 References.442.12 Bibliography.45Chapter 3Instrument transformers.473.1 Introduction.473.2 Current transformers(CTs).473.3 Voltage(potential)transformers(VTs).623.4 References.653.5 Bibliography
48、.65Chapter 4Selection and application of protective relays.674.1 General discussion of a protective system.674.2 Zones of protection.694.3 Fundamental operating principles.704.4 Functional descriptionapplication and principles.714.5 References.1194.6 Bibliography.119 x Copyright 2001 IEEE.All rights
49、 reserved.Chapter 5Low-voltage fuses.1295.1 General discussion.1295.2 Definitions.1295.3 Documentation.1335.4 Standard dimensions.1385.5 Typical interrupting ratings.1465.6 Achieving selectivity with fuses.1475.7 Current-limiting characteristics.1515.8 Special applications for low-voltage fuses.1555
50、.9 References.1665.10 Bibliography.168Chapter 6High-voltage fuses(1000 V through 169 kV).1696.1 Definitions.1696.2 Fuse classification.1736.3 Current-limiting and expulsion power fuse designs.1776.4 Application of high-voltage fuses.1836.5 References.1976.6 Bibliography.198Chapter 7Low-voltage circu
