1、W E L C O M EW E L C O M EPowerPointPowerPoint制作：杨希制作：杨希版权所有版权所有版权所有版权所有英语学习背景资料美国U.S.A.PowerPointPowerPoint制作：杨希制作：杨希版权所有版权所有版权所有版权所有版权所有版权所有版权所有版权所有英语学习背景资料美国v美国全景图美国全景图v美国总统美国总统v美国国旗美国国旗美国城市美国城市美国小知识美国国徽美国国徽美国总统n n1.George Washington 1.George Washington 乔治乔治 华盛顿华盛顿:1789-:1789-1797 1797 n n2.John
2、Adams 2.John Adams 约翰约翰 亚当斯亚当斯:1797-1801:1797-1801n n3.Thomas Jefferson3.Thomas Jefferson托马斯托马斯 杰斐逊杰斐逊:1801-:1801-1809 1809 n n4.James Madison 4.James Madison 詹姆斯詹姆斯 麦迪逊麦迪逊:1809-1817:1809-1817n n5.James Monroe 5.James Monroe 詹姆斯詹姆斯 门罗门罗:1817-1825:1817-1825n n6.John Quincy Adams6.John Quincy Adams约翰约
3、翰 昆西昆西 亚当斯亚当斯:1825-18291825-1829n n7.Andrew Jackson 7.Andrew Jackson 安德鲁安德鲁 杰克逊杰克逊:1829-1837:1829-1837n n8.Martin van Buren 8.Martin van Buren 马丁马丁 范布伦范布伦:1837-1841:1837-1841n n9.William Henry Harrison 9.William Henry Harrison 威廉亨利威廉亨利 哈里森哈里森:1841-18411841-1841n n10.John Tyler 10.John Tyler 约翰约翰 泰勒泰
4、勒:1841-1845:1841-1845杨希制作杨希制作杨希制作杨希制作版权所有版权所有版权所有版权所有n n11.James K.Polk 11.James K.Polk 詹姆斯詹姆斯 波尔克波尔克:1845-1849:1845-1849n n12.Zachary Taylor 12.Zachary Taylor 扎卡里扎卡里 泰勒泰勒:1849-1850:1849-1850n n13.Millard Fillmore 13.Millard Fillmore 米勒德米勒德 菲尔莫尔菲尔莫尔:1850-1853:1850-1853n n14.Franklin Pierce 14.Frankl
5、in Pierce 富兰克林富兰克林 皮尔斯皮尔斯:1853-1857:1853-1857n n15.James Buchanan 15.James Buchanan 詹姆斯詹姆斯 布坎南布坎南:1857-1861:1857-1861n n16.Abraham Lincoln 16.Abraham Lincoln 亚伯拉罕亚伯拉罕 林肯林肯:1861-1865:1861-1865 n n17.Andrew Johnson 17.Andrew Johnson 安德鲁安德鲁 约翰逊约翰逊:1865-1869:1865-1869n n18.Ulysses S.Grant 18.Ulysses S.G
6、rant 尤利塞斯尤利塞斯 格兰特格兰特:1869-1877:1869-1877n n19.Rutherford B.Hayes 19.Rutherford B.Hayes 拉塞福德拉塞福德 海斯海斯:1877-:1877-18811881n n20.James A.Garfield 20.James A.Garfield 詹姆斯詹姆斯 加菲尔德加菲尔德:1881-:1881-18811881n n21.Chester A.Arthur 21.Chester A.Arthur 切斯特切斯特 阿瑟阿瑟:1881-1885:1881-1885n n22.Grover Cleveland 22.Gr
7、over Cleveland 格罗弗格罗弗 克利夫兰克利夫兰:1885-1889:1885-1889n n23.23.Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison 本杰明本杰明 哈里森哈里森:1889-:1889-18931893n n24.24.Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland 格罗弗格罗弗 克利夫兰克利夫兰:1893-:1893-18971897n n25.25.William McKinley William McKinley 威廉威廉 麦金利麦金利:1897-1901:1897-1901n n26.26.Theodore Ro
8、osevelt Theodore Roosevelt 西奥多西奥多 罗斯福罗斯福:1901-:1901-1909 1909 n n27.27.William H.Taft William H.Taft 威廉威廉 塔夫脱塔夫脱:1909-1913:1909-1913n n28.28.Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson 伍德罗伍德罗 威尔逊威尔逊:1913-1921:1913-1921n n29.29.Warren G.Harding Warren G.Harding 沃伦沃伦 哈定哈定:1921-1923:1921-1923n n30.30.Calvin Coolidge
9、 Calvin Coolidge 卡尔文卡尔文 柯立芝柯立芝:1923-1929:1923-1929n n31.31.Herbert C.Hoover Herbert C.Hoover 赫泊特赫泊特 胡佛胡佛:1929-1933:1929-1933n n32.32.Franklin D.Roosevelt Franklin D.Roosevelt 富兰克林富兰克林 罗斯福罗斯福:1933-1945 1933-1945 n n33.33.Harry S.Truman Harry S.Truman 哈里哈里 杜鲁门杜鲁门:1945-1953:1945-1953n n34.34.Dwight D.E
10、isenhowerDwight D.Eisenhower德怀特德怀特 艾森豪威尔艾森豪威尔:1953-19611953-1961n n35.35.John F.Kennedy John F.Kennedy 约翰约翰 肯尼迪肯尼迪:1961-1963:1961-1963n n36.36.Lyndon B.Johnson Lyndon B.Johnson 林顿林顿 约翰逊约翰逊:1963-1969:1963-1969n n37.37.Richard M.Nixon Richard M.Nixon 理查德理查德 尼克松尼克松:1969-1974:1969-1974n n38.38.Gerald Fo
11、rd Gerald Ford 杰拉尔德杰拉尔德 福特福特:1974-1977:1974-1977n n39.39.Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter 小詹姆斯小詹姆斯 卡特卡特:1977-1981:1977-1981n n40.40.Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan 罗纳德罗纳德 里根里根:1981-1989:1981-1989n n41.41.George Bush George Bush 乔治乔治 布什布什:1989-1993:1989-1993n n42.42.Bill Clinton Bill Clinton 比尔比尔 克林顿克林顿:1993-20
12、01:1993-2001n n43.43.George W.Bush George W.Bush 乔治乔治 WW布什布什:2001-:2001-GeorgeWashingtonOnApril30,1789,GeorgeOnApril30,1789,GeorgeWashington,standingontheWashington,standingonthebalconyofFederalHallonWallbalconyofFederalHallonWallStreetinNewYork,tookhisoathStreetinNewYork,tookhisoathofofficeasthefir
13、stPresidentofofofficeasthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.AsthefirstoftheUnitedStates.Asthefirstofeverything,inoursituationwilleverything,inoursituationwillservetoestablishaPrecedent,heservetoestablishaPrecedent,hewroteJamesMadison,itiswroteJamesMadison,itisdevoutlywishedonmypart,thatdevoutlywishedo
14、nmypart,thattheseprecedentsmaybefixedontheseprecedentsmaybefixedontrueprinciples.trueprinciples.Bornin1732intoaVirginiaplanterBornin1732intoaVirginiaplanterfamily,helearnedthemorals,family,helearnedthemorals,manners,andbodyofknowledgemanners,andbodyofknowledgerequisiteforan18thcenturyrequisiteforan1
15、8thcenturyVirginiagentleman.Virginiagentleman.版权所有版权所有版权所有版权所有Hepursuedtwointertwinedinterests:militaryartsandwesternHepursuedtwointertwinedinterests:militaryartsandwesternexpansion.At16hehelpedsurveyShenandoahlandsforThomas,expansion.At16hehelpedsurveyShenandoahlandsforThomas,LordFairfax.Commission
16、edalieutenantcolonelin1754,heLordFairfax.Commissionedalieutenantcolonelin1754,hefoughtthefirstskirmishesofwhatgrewintotheFrenchandfoughtthefirstskirmishesofwhatgrewintotheFrenchandIndianWar.Thenextyear,asanaidetoGen.EdwardBraddock,IndianWar.Thenextyear,asanaidetoGen.EdwardBraddock,heescapedinjuryalt
17、houghfourbulletsrippedhiscoatandtwoheescapedinjuryalthoughfourbulletsrippedhiscoatandtwohorseswereshotfromunderhim.horseswereshotfromunderhim.From1759totheoutbreakoftheAmericanRevolution,WashingtonFrom1759totheoutbreakoftheAmericanRevolution,WashingtonmanagedhislandsaroundMountVernonandservedinthema
18、nagedhislandsaroundMountVernonandservedintheVirginiaHouseofBurgesses.Marriedtoawidow,MarthaVirginiaHouseofBurgesses.Marriedtoawidow,MarthaDandridgeCustis,hedevotedhimselftoabusyandhappylife.DandridgeCustis,hedevotedhimselftoabusyandhappylife.Butlikehisfellowplanters,WashingtonfelthimselfexploitedbyB
19、utlikehisfellowplanters,WashingtonfelthimselfexploitedbyBritishmerchantsandhamperedbyBritishregulations.AstheBritishmerchantsandhamperedbyBritishregulations.Asthequarrelwiththemothercountrygrewacute,hemoderatelybutquarrelwiththemothercountrygrewacute,hemoderatelybutfirmlyvoicedhisresistancetotherest
20、rictions.firmlyvoicedhisresistancetotherestrictions.GeorgeWashingtonWhentheSecondContinentalCongressassembledinPhiladelphiainWhentheSecondContinentalCongressassembledinPhiladelphiainMay1775,Washington,oneoftheVirginiadelegates,waselectedMay1775,Washington,oneoftheVirginiadelegates,waselectedCommande
21、rinChiefoftheContinentalArmy.OnJuly3,1775,atCommanderinChiefoftheContinentalArmy.OnJuly3,1775,atCambridge,Massachusetts,hetookcommandofhisill-trainedCambridge,Massachusetts,hetookcommandofhisill-trainedtroopsandembarkeduponawarthatwastolastsixgruelingtroopsandembarkeduponawarthatwastolastsixgrueling
22、years.years.HerealizedearlythatthebeststrategywastoharasstheBritish.HeHerealizedearlythatthebeststrategywastoharasstheBritish.HereportedtoCongress,weshouldonallOccasionsavoidageneralreportedtoCongress,weshouldonallOccasionsavoidageneralAction,orputanythingtotheRisque,unlesscompelledbyaAction,orputan
23、ythingtotheRisque,unlesscompelledbyanecessity,intowhichweoughtnevertobedrawn.Ensuingnecessity,intowhichweoughtnevertobedrawn.Ensuingbattlessawhimfallbackslowly,thenstrikeunexpectedly.Finallybattlessawhimfallbackslowly,thenstrikeunexpectedly.Finallyin1781withtheaidofFrenchallies-heforcedthesurrendero
24、fin1781withtheaidofFrenchallies-heforcedthesurrenderofCornwallisatYorktown.CornwallisatYorktown.GeorgeWashingtonWashingtonlongedtoretiretohisfieldsatMountVernon.ButheWashingtonlongedtoretiretohisfieldsatMountVernon.ButhesoonrealizedthattheNationunderitsArticlesofConfederationsoonrealizedthattheNatio
25、nunderitsArticlesofConfederationwasnotfunctioningwell,sohebecameaprimemoverinthestepswasnotfunctioningwell,sohebecameaprimemoverinthestepsleadingtotheConstitutionalConventionatPhiladelphiain1787.leadingtotheConstitutionalConventionatPhiladelphiain1787.WhenthenewConstitutionwasratified,theElectoralCo
26、llegeWhenthenewConstitutionwasratified,theElectoralCollegeunanimouslyelectedWashingtonPresidentunanimouslyelectedWashingtonPresidentHedidnotinfringeuponthepolicymakingpowersthathefelttheHedidnotinfringeuponthepolicymakingpowersthathefelttheConstitutiongaveCongress.ButthedeterminationofforeignpolicyC
27、onstitutiongaveCongress.ButthedeterminationofforeignpolicybecamepreponderantlyaPresidentialconcern.WhentheFrenchbecamepreponderantlyaPresidentialconcern.WhentheFrenchRevolutionledtoamajorwarbetweenFranceandEngland,RevolutionledtoamajorwarbetweenFranceandEngland,Washingtonrefusedtoacceptentirelythere
28、commendationsofWashingtonrefusedtoacceptentirelytherecommendationsofeitherhisSecretaryofStateThomasJefferson,whowaspro-eitherhisSecretaryofStateThomasJefferson,whowaspro-French,orhisSecretaryoftheTreasuryAlexanderHamilton,whoFrench,orhisSecretaryoftheTreasuryAlexanderHamilton,whowaspro-British.Rathe
29、r,heinsisteduponaneutralcourseuntilwaspro-British.Rather,heinsisteduponaneutralcourseuntiltheUnitedStatescouldgrowstronger.theUnitedStatescouldgrowstronger.GeorgeWashingtonGeorgeWashingtonTohisdisappointment,twopartiesweredevelopingbytheendofhisfirstterm.Weariedofpolitics,feelingold,heretiredattheen
30、dofhissecond.InhisFarewellAddress,heurgedhiscountrymentoforswearexcessivepartyspiritandgeographicaldistinctions.Inforeignaffairs,hewarnedagainstlong-termalliances.WashingtonenjoyedlessthanthreeyearsofretirementatMountVernon,forhediedofathroatinfectionDecember14,1799.FormonthstheNationmournedhim.Thom
31、asJeffersonIn the thick of party conflict in 1800,In the thick of party conflict in 1800,Thomas Jefferson wrote in a Thomas Jefferson wrote in a private letter,I have sworn upon private letter,I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility the altar of God eternal hostility against every form
32、of tyranny over against every form of tyranny over the mind of man.the mind of man.This powerful advocate of liberty was This powerful advocate of liberty was born in 1743 in Albemarle County,born in 1743 in Albemarle County,Virginia,inheriting from his father,Virginia,inheriting from his father,a p
33、lanter and surveyor,some a planter and surveyor,some 5,000 acres of land,and from his 5,000 acres of land,and from his mother,a Randolph,high social mother,a Randolph,high social standing.He studied at the College standing.He studied at the College of William and Mary,then read law.of William and Ma
34、ry,then read law.In 1772 he married Martha Wayles In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Skeleton,a widow,and took her to Skeleton,a widow,and took her to live in his partly constructed live in his partly constructed mountaintop home,Monticello.mountaintop home,Monticello.Freckled and sandy-haired,rather
35、tall and awkward,Freckled and sandy-haired,rather tall and awkward,Jefferson was eloquent as a correspondent,but he was Jefferson was eloquent as a correspondent,but he was no public speaker.In the Virginia House of Burgesses no public speaker.In the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Continental C
36、ongress,he contributed his pen and the Continental Congress,he contributed his pen rather than his voice to the patriot cause.As the silent rather than his voice to the patriot cause.As the silent member of the Congress,Jefferson,at 33,drafted the member of the Congress,Jefferson,at 33,drafted the D
37、eclaration of Independence.In years following he Declaration of Independence.In years following he labored to make its words a reality in Virginia.Most labored to make its words a reality in Virginia.Most notably,he wrote a bill establishing religious freedom,notably,he wrote a bill establishing rel
38、igious freedom,enacted in 1786.enacted in 1786.Jefferson succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to Jefferson succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to France in 1785.His sympathy for the French Revolution France in 1785.His sympathy for the French Revolution led him into conflict with Alexander Ha
39、milton when led him into conflict with Alexander Hamilton when Jefferson was Secretary of State in President Jefferson was Secretary of State in President Washingtons Cabinet.He resigned in 1793.Washingtons Cabinet.He resigned in 1793.ThomasJeffersonSharp political conflict developed,and two separat
40、e Sharp political conflict developed,and two separate parties,the Federalists and the Democratic-parties,the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans,began to form.Jefferson gradually Republicans,began to form.Jefferson gradually assumed leadership of the Republicans,who assumed leadership of the
41、Republicans,who sympathized with the revolutionary cause in France.sympathized with the revolutionary cause in France.Attacking Federalist policies,he opposed a strong Attacking Federalist policies,he opposed a strong centralized Government and championed the rights of centralized Government and cha
42、mpioned the rights of states.states.As a reluctant candidate for President in 1796,Jefferson As a reluctant candidate for President in 1796,Jefferson came within three votes of election.Through a flaw in came within three votes of election.Through a flaw in the Constitution,he became Vice President,
43、although the Constitution,he became Vice President,although an opponent of President Adams.In 1800 the defect an opponent of President Adams.In 1800 the defect caused a more serious problem.Republican electors,caused a more serious problem.Republican electors,attempting to name both a President and
44、a Vice attempting to name both a President and a Vice President from their own party,cast a tie vote between President from their own party,cast a tie vote between Jefferson and Aaron Burr.The House of Representatives Jefferson and Aaron Burr.The House of Representatives settled the tie.Hamilton,dis
45、liking both Jefferson and settled the tie.Hamilton,disliking both Jefferson and Burr,nevertheless urged Jeffersons Burr,nevertheless urged Jeffersons election.election.ThomasJeffersonWhen Jefferson assumed the Presidency,the When Jefferson assumed the Presidency,the crisis in France had passed.He sl
46、ashed Army crisis in France had passed.He slashed Army and Navy expenditures,cut the budget,and Navy expenditures,cut the budget,eliminated the tax on whiskey so unpopular in eliminated the tax on whiskey so unpopular in the West,yet reduced the national debt by a the West,yet reduced the national d
47、ebt by a third.He also sent a naval squadron to fight third.He also sent a naval squadron to fight the Barbary pirates,who were harassing the Barbary pirates,who were harassing American commerce in the Mediterranean.American commerce in the Mediterranean.Further,although the Constitution made no Fur
48、ther,although the Constitution made no provision for the acquisition of new land,provision for the acquisition of new land,Jefferson suppressed his qualms over Jefferson suppressed his qualms over constitutionality when he had the opportunity constitutionality when he had the opportunity to acquire
49、the Louisiana Territory from to acquire the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon in 1803.Napoleon in 1803.ThomasJeffersonDuring Jeffersons second term,he was increasingly During Jeffersons second term,he was increasingly preoccupied with keeping the Nation from involvement preoccupied with keeping the
50、Nation from involvement in the Napoleonic wars,though both England and in the Napoleonic wars,though both England and France interfered with the neutral rights of American France interfered with the neutral rights of American merchantmen.Jeffersons attempted solution,an merchantmen.Jeffersons attemp
