1、little baby, dont say a word, Papas going to buy you a mockingbird.If that mockingbird wont sing, Papas going to buy you a diamond ring.If that diamond ring turns to brass, Papas going to buy you a looking-glass.If that looking-glass gets broke, Papas going to buy you a billy-goat.If that billy-goat
2、 runs away, Papas going to buy you another today.One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C). I saw a fish-
3、pond all on fire I saw a fish-pond all on fire, I saw a house bow to a squire, I saw a person twelve-feet high, I saw a cottage in the sky, I saw a balloon made of lead, I saw a coffin drop down dead, I saw two sparrows run a race,I saw two horses making lace, I saw a girl just like a cat, I saw a k
4、itten wear a hat, I saw a man who saw these too,And said though strange they all were true.Our first football matchWe would have wonif Jack had scored that goal,if wed had just a few more minutes,if we had trained harder, if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,if wed had thousands of fans screaming,if I
5、hadnt taken my eye off the ball,if we hadnt stayed up so late the night before,if we hadnt taken it easy,if we hadnt run out of energy.We would have wonif wed been better!Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines. With these, students ca
6、n convey a strong picture in just a few words. Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.(D) Brother (E) Summer Beautiful, athletic Sleepy, salty Teasing, shouting, laughing Drying, drooping, dreading Friend and enemy too Week in, week out Mine Endless(F) A fallen blossom (G) Snow h
7、aving melted Is coming back to the branch. The whole village is brimful Look, a butterfly! Of happy children. (by Moritake) (by Issa)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is eas
8、y to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words. The two haiku poems (F and G ) above are translations from the Japanese.Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry Tang poems from China in particular?
9、A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English. This Tang poem(H) is a translation from the Chinese.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. It is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try.Where she awaits her
10、 husbandOn and on the river flows.Never looking back,Transformed into stone.Day by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.Should the traveler return,this Stone would utter speech. (by Wang Jian) IVE SAVED THE SUMMER Ive saved the summer And I give it all to you To hold on winter mornings Wh
11、en the snow is new. Ive saved some sunlight If you should ever need A place away from darkness Where your mind can feed. And for myself Ive kept your smile When you were but nineteen, Till youre older youll not know What brave young smiles can mean. I know no answers To help you on your way The answ
12、ers lie somewhere At the bottom of the day. But if youve a need for love Ill give you all I own It might help you down the road Till youve found your own. (by Rod McKuen)Unit 3 ADVICE FROM GRANDADDear James,It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I ha
13、ve just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. Its my birthday in two weeks time and Ill be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.This brings me to t
14、he real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicte
15、d to cigarettes.By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways? First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in
16、it. So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. I remember feeling bed-tempered and sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again. You begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally ad
17、dicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit. But I did finally manage.When I was young, I didnt know much about the harmful effects of smo
18、king. I didnt know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. I certainly didnt know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way. Neither did I know that my cigarette sm
19、oke could affect the health of known-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. She told me that she wouldnt go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I
20、 became breathless quickly, and that I wasnt enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because
21、 I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.Love fromGrandad How can you stop smoking? It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you. Here are a few suggestions.Prepare yourself. Decide on a day to quit. Dont choose a day that you know is going to be s
22、tressful, such as the day of an exam. Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping smoking. Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes.Be determined. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. Reread the list of benefits you wrote earli
23、er.Break the habit. Instead of smoking a cigarette, do something else. Go for a walk, clean your teeth, drink some water, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep your mind and especially your hands busy.Relax. If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not reach for a cigarette. Try some dee
24、p breathing instead. Do some relaxation exercises every time you feel stressed.Get help if you need it. Arrange to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems, or join a stop-smoking group. If you feel desperate, you might lie to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help
25、 you, like nicotine chewing gum.Keep trying. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed. Just try again. You will succeed eventually. HIV/AIDS; ARE YOU AT RISK?HIV is a virus. A virus is a very smal
26、l living thing that causes disease. There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV weakens a persons immune system; that is, the part of the body that fights disease. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune syste
27、m so much that your body can no longer fight disease. This stage of the illness is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small.HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex. For a person to become infected,xx县优质肉鸡产业化养殖基地建设项目可行性研究报告第一章总论1 项目概要1.
28、1 项目单位基本情况 项目单位名称：xx县xx镇xx养殖场法定代表人：xx注册地址： xx县xx镇xx主管部门： xx县农业委员会项目承办单位：xx县xx镇xx养殖场联系电话：xx联 系 人： xx开户银行：xx县农业银行帐 号：xx所有制性质：有限公司申报单位概况：项目建设单位xx县xx镇xx养殖场为独立法人，实收资本80万元。公司主要经营鸡禽养殖，产品销售主要方向是上海、浙江、江苏的禽产品批发市场。公司近年来，经济效益逐年好转。 2007年底，固定资产净值102.78万元，出栏肉鸡120万只。从资产权属构成来看，所有者权益为135.45 万元，占总资产的 51.50 %，资产负值总额为12
29、7.56万元，资产负值率48.51%；从经营状况来看，2007年实现销售收入562.85万元，盈利达到 50.65万元，净利润为46.92万元。经营业绩良好，逐年上升的趋势。1.2项目建设单位近二年财务情况根据项目建设单位提供的财务报表，可以分析出该单位的财务状况良好，无重大经营风险。财务指标计量单位2006年2007年总资产万元240.80263.00其中：流动资产万元00固定资产万元138.27102.78负债总额万元145.87127.56其中：银行贷款万元00销售收入万元439.71562.85利润总额万元43.7850.651.3 项目建设内容项目名称：xx县优质肉鸡产业化养殖项目建
30、设性质： 新建建设地点： xx县xx镇xx行政村、xx县xx镇xx村建设规模：新增出栏优质肉鸡500万只。主要建设内容新建标准化鸡舍10幢。建筑养殖场内部主干道。建设管理用房600 m2。其它，如公用工程、绿化等。电力增容，以适应新场所的需要。1.4 项目建设方案技术来源及先进性产品技术来源于本项目单位的技术人员。本场进入肉鸡养殖行业已经多年，在肉鸡养殖技术、禽产品防疫等方面积累了丰富的经验。多年来没有发生过禽产品的流行性疾病，其控制手段和管理经验得到了同行的认可。进度安排项目建设周期为12个月，采取平行作业的方式组织新址基建、设备采购和安装调试过程、人员培训和实习过程，达到工时最省，工期最短
31、的效果。计划从2008年11月动工，2009年10月具备满负荷生产条件。市场营销及组织管理方案项目市场营销由营销部负责，采取按销售大区选择一级代理的方式作为销售的主渠道，产品通过一级代理商完成大区的销售任务，并据此进行销售业绩激励。区域实行职能区域部门首长负责制，部门首长对本部门的职能完成情况负责，实施责权利相结合的管理方法，采用经营绩效激励制度，确保外部市场开拓、内部养殖生产与销售量达到动态平衡。通过在本场统一下的养殖过程分包形式，扩散合同养殖户，通过成鸡合同价最低保护价全额收购的方式给养殖户进行风险分摊，达到“公司基地农户定点”养殖的模式，以扩大优质肉鸡的市场供应量。1.5 投资概算及资金
32、来源投资概算本项目总投资1200万元，其中固定资产投资450万元、无形资产及递延资产325万元，流动资产425万元。资金来源财政扶持资金120万元。主要用于项目前期工作、基础设施建设、养殖户养殖户和职工的养殖技术、疫病技术的培训等。自有资金780万元，主要用于土建和设备的采购，其中用于流动资金125万元。银行货款300万元，主要用于流动资金和铺底资金。1.6主要技术经济指标三黄鸡肉鸡出栏量：500万只总成本： 51528.5万元投资利润率：602.03 %投资回收期： 1年2 项目建议书编制依据2.1中共中央、国务院关于推进社会主义新农村建设的若干意见(中发20061号)2.2中共中央、国务院
33、关于积极发展现代农业扎实推进社会主义新农村建设的若干意见(中发20071号)2.3中共中央、国务院关于切实加强农业基础建设进一步促进农业发展农民增收的若干意见(中发20081号)2.4xx都市型现代农业发展规划（20062015）xx市政府2005年2.5关于加快发展农业产业化经营若干意见xx市政府 2004年2.6农业部办公厅国家农业综合开发办公室关于印发2009 年农业综合开发农业部专项项目申报指南的通知2.7动物检疫管理办法 中华人民共和国农业部第14号令 2003年5月 2.8xx省家畜家禽防疫办法 皖政199513号 xx省人民政府2.9建设项目环境保护管理办法（1986年3月）2.
34、10 颁发建设项目（工程）职业安全卫生和技术措施验收办法的通知(劳动部1992年)2.11 GB 16548-1996畜禽病害肉尸及其产品无害化处理规程2.12 GB 16549畜禽产地检疫规范2.13 中国畜牧兽医信息网2.14 建设项目经济评价方法与参数（第三版）3 可行性研究内容xx县xx镇养殖场根据企业长远规划，结合市场情况以及相关行业发展政策，通过扩建养殖场，完成本公司自产与农户预定的肉鸡屠宰深加工，年养殖优质品种“三黄鸡”肉鸡1000万只项目建成后，本公司的出栏肉鸡将占xx市场的25%。 本报告只是对该项目的产业发展、建设规模、产品方案、生产设备、市场占有等进行研究与预测。4 综合
35、评价 本项目设计的肉鸡 “公司基地+农户定点” 的养殖思路，设计方案合理，工艺成熟，设备先进，符合国家农业经济政策，符合集约经营提高效益的思想，也符合环保政策要求和走可持续发展道路的政策导向。 项目的建成，能带动数百农户从事肉鸡养殖，调整了农业生产结构，增加了农户非粮食生产业的收入，提高了养殖户经济收入的水平。 项目方案策划遵循了“可持续发展”的道路，环保设施与生产设施“同时设计、同时建设、同时投产”的方针，对肉鸡饲养过程中的排泄物实施强制性无害化处理，作为肥料和饲料，有利于对环境的保护，变废为宝，有利于创造绿色、和谐的社会环境。 该项目实施具有可靠的技术支撑，市、区畜牧兽医站及xx市畜牧局、
36、xx市动物疾病和控制中心可以提供检验检疫的技术保障，项目单位选用的饲喂设备性能稳定，可靠性高。项目实施方案见效快，费用省，经济效益良好高，投资回报率高。该项目建设具有一定的技术含量，能够吸纳富裕劳动力，创造部分就业机会，带动农民养鸡致富，增加农民收入，促进地方经济的发展。该项目经济评价可行、投资回收期适中，方案抵御市场波动的能力强，具有较高的可信性。建议有关部门尽快批准立项，并衔接资金和给予政策扶持，争取早投资、早受益。第二章 项目建设背景及必要性1 项目建设背景1.1 国内优质肉鸡发展现状我国肉鸡产业在经历了20世纪90年代初期20%-30%的高速增长以后，到了21世纪，增长速度明显放慢，尤
37、其是北方的快大型肉鸡，近几年总体没有明显地增长，出现了徘徊的局面；南方的优质肉鸡增长速度也不如从前。世界上比较发达的国家，肉鸡占肉类的比重都比较高。例如，日本占肉类的37%，美国占肉类的40%，日本人均年消费量达40公斤以上，美国人均年消费量达50公斤以上，我国人均年消费量还比较低，大约是1012公斤，还需要大幅度地发展才能赶上比较发达的国家，这给正在调整发展的中国肉鸡饲养业带来了商机。而优质肉鸡因为其品质优良，它的增长速度将超过快大型肉鸡，它所占的市场份额可能将一年年的增加。香港、广东、广西、台湾等地区，优质肉鸡占肉鸡的比重将近90%，而长江流域各省市大约占到70%以上，黄河流域和松花江流域
38、各省市大约占到40%左右。1.2我国2007年白羽肉鸡生产回顾和2008年展望肉鸡业是改革开放以来我国畜牧业中发展最快的一个产业。据统计2001年我国禽肉产量达1273万吨，跃居世界第二，肉鸡饲养量达到24亿只，生产鸡肉1200万吨。2007 年在经历了 2003 年“非典” ， 20042005 年禽流感的影响，尤其是从 2005 年第 39 周到 2006 年第 19 周连续 32 周各种价格降到历史最低水平后，我国的白羽肉鸡生产从 2006 年下半年进入快速恢复期。从 2007 年第十周开始，鸡苗和毛鸡价格开始快速上涨，到第 32 周时达到历史最高价格，发展呈现空前高涨的局面。 2007
39、 年基本实现了全行业盈利，需求的拉动充分调动了产能潜力，企业的收益不但填补了过去三年的严重亏损，还为今后的发展贡献了资金的储备。根据中国畜牧业协会掌握的资料推算黄羽肉鸡生产情况：目前中国最大的10家黄羽肉鸡育种公司年提供父母代种鸡约3000万套，约占全国年父母代种鸡需求量的75%；最大的30家黄羽肉鸡父母代种鸡公司，年存栏父母代种鸡约3600万套，约占全国年父母代种鸡需求量的90%。2007年中国饲养各种类型的黄羽肉鸡约40亿只，产肉量约为360万吨，约占2006年全国禽肉产量的24%，占肉类总产量的4.5%。目前黄羽肉鸡已经成为最具中国特色的家禽产业，并且在国际市场具有较强的竞争力，优势地位
40、明显。加入WTO以后，各国的关税壁垒已被打破，取而代之的是绿色壁垒和技术壁垒，因此给我国肉鸡业形成巨大的压力与阻力。此外，无论是农户散养还是规模化养殖所产生的大量粪便、死淘鸡等废弃物，都给环境造成巨大污染，这也是我国肉鸡业高速发展后出现的个不可忽略的环保大问题。控制成本，最有效地生产出优质的产品，这对肉鸡养殖是一个很重要的问题，因为这是一个系统工程，它不是说一家、两家，你养200只鸡，我养5000只鸡就能解决的，它需要有一些龙头企业来带动，形成一个肉鸡养殖区域，或者“一村一品”的专业化养殖优质肉鸡，其生产方式进一步的规模化、产业化，是一个必然趋势。我国现在退耕还林的土地面积比较大，在这些地方放
41、牧饲养，能生产出无污染、无公害的绿色食品，所以优质肉鸡今后地发展方向，应该强调以散养和放牧饲养为主体。实现无公害养殖生产，进行产业化运作，将使行业内部原料品种专业化，饲养规模化，生产工艺标准化，包装新颖化，管理运营一体化，营销手段科学化，对促进肉鸡业从追求“廉价型”向“优质型”转变，从“数量耗能型”向“绿色安全型”转变，对带动全行业乃至畜牧业的可持续发展有着不可估量的意义。此外，对调整我国农村产业结构，使农村稳定、农业增效、农民增收，改善生态环境等都将产生深远的影响。同时，通过养殖大户和养殖业龙头企业帮助广大农民顺利走向市场，实现千家万户的“小农户”与千变万化的“大市场”顺利对接，也将产生巨大
42、的促进作用。1.3 国际家禽产品贸易现状 国内环境、经济、技术因素逐渐将国家划分为主要的出口国或进口国。温带和亚热带地区的国家基本属于自济自足型。美国的出口在过去 5 年里保持稳定。泰国自从 2004 年发生高致病性禽流感后一直深受影响。相反，巴西的出口则增长了 30% 。为了保持平衡，出口应该针对那些缺乏自足的国家。在过去的五年里，俄罗斯和沙特阿拉伯逐渐实行自足，日本因为禽流感的出现减少了从传统进口国中国和泰国的进口。墨西哥和中国增加了进口量，与之一致是这两个国家的人均 GDP 中可支配的收入也随之增长了。美国食品和农业政策研究所推测本世纪第一个十年的消费量将出现 12.5% 的全面增长。在
43、这六个地区中，只有欧盟的消费量将出现下降，而拉丁美洲和亚洲的消费量将稳定增长，这些地区的消费量增长潜力最大。美国或中国每增长 1% 的消费量意味着对饲料原料的更大需求，而对非洲和亚洲的发展中国家来说，这种情况并不能同日而语。 8 个国家 / 地区拥有全球 82% 的鸡肉消费量，人均消费量从印度的 2.1 kg 到美国的 47.6 kg 不等。由于禽肉极易腐烂（除非花费高昂的冷冻储存），大多数国家都建立了生产和消费的平衡机制。除巴西以外，其它国家的消费和生产都具有密切的关系。巴西拥有高度发达的出口产业，它充分利用了国内农业资源、劳动力资源、基础设施以及本国货币与美元和欧元的差异。2007年全球鸡
44、肉出口量增长4%，达到670万吨。美国出口占总量的37%，巴西占38%，欧盟仍然保持10%。 1999-2005年，巴西鸡肉出口连续增长， 2006年受巴西雷亚尔汇率升值和主要进口市场因禽流感转移消费其他肉类的影响，巴西鸡肉出口下降。随着不断开发俄罗斯等市场，巴西鸡肉出口预计增长2%，达到260万吨。2006年，欧盟鸡肉进口增加了15%，预计2007年进口量将进一步增加8%，达到64.5万吨。2007年，世界最大的鸡肉进口国俄罗斯进口量将下降7%，达到120万吨。下降的主要原因是俄罗斯近年国内鸡肉产量一直保持稳定增长，且2007年产量预测将进一步增加。俄罗斯60%的进口来自于美国，其他的大部分
45、被巴西占据。1.4 xx市优质家禽行业现状根据xx市农业委员会（芜政200448号批转）xx市优势农产品区域布局规划（20052010年）精神，我市地处沿江江南，家禽向来是我市优势产业，近年来，家禽业发展突飞猛进，土鸡、三黄鸡、七彩山鸡、珍珠鸡、樱桃谷鸭、麻鸭、番鸭、白鹅、雁鹅、肉鸽、鹧鸪等优质家禽养殖已形成区域化、规模化发展态势。2003年，全市家禽饲养量2676万只，出栏1724万只。其中，“皖禽”（本公司注册商标品牌）、“里口”、“五华山”等品牌优质禽占35%。以南陵县烟墩镇为中心的370万只土鸡饲养，已通过无公害质量认证；以xx县湾址、红杨等镇为中心的300万只土鸡饲养已形成规模；以x
46、x县xx、三山、孙村等镇为中心的150万只樱桃谷鸭、四川白鹅养殖成效显著。主攻方向：以适应国内外市场需求和城乡居民食物升级的要求，以“菜篮子”工程和无公害基地建设为突破口，大力引进优良家禽品种，加速保护和繁育本地特色品种，扩建苗禽基地，提高品质；全面增强品牌意识，推进标准化生产和无公害养殖，走产业化路子，培育知名注册品牌；积极推广安全生产技术，加大家禽疫病诊断和防治力度；扶持一批家禽产品加工龙头企业，拓延深加工领域，扩大出口比重。优势区域：（1）中部沿河湖圩区水禽重点优势产区：布局于我市中部沿漳河和青弋江湖圩区内，包括南陵县许镇、弋江、xx县三山、xx、峨桥、平铺、xx县清水、六郎、方村、陶辛等10个镇。产区土地面积127.07 千公顷，有水面13.45千公顷。2003年，全区水禽出栏985万只，占全市84.7%，以养肉鸭为主。本区水面浩瀚，鱼、虾、螺、蚌水生动物和水生植物资源丰富，为鸭鹅生活游牧生长的最佳适宜区。（2）东部岗地家
