1、PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE5.1 Fault Code5.2 Car Exterior Care Tipe5.3 Paint Your Car at Home5.4 Brake Problems5.5 Engine Maintenance5.6 How To Keep The Automatic Transmission alive5.7 Ssystem DiagnosisPART AUTO MAINTENAINCEPARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEPART AUTO MAINTENAINCE学习目标学习目标通过本章的学习，你应当能够：掌握与汽车维修有关的专业术语、专业词汇
2、和缩略语。掌握汽车维修英语的习惯表达方法。能查阅汽车维修的有关英文资料。能借助字典翻译汽车维修方面的文章。PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE5.1 Fault CodeFaultinformationscanbedisplayedthroughtheinstrumentpanelCheckEngineLamporbyconnectingtheRB(DiagnosticReadingBox).(SeeTable5.1.1)PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCETable 5.1.1PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEPARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEPARTAUTOMAINTE
3、NAINCETechnical Wordsdistributorn.(燃料)分配器，分电器barometricn.气压thermostatn.恒温(节)器，热动开关wastegaten.(涡轮增压器中的)废气阀alternatorn.交流发电机turbon.涡轮增压器leanadj.贫乏的，缺乏的，稀的syncn.同步baron.气压PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEPhrases and Expressionsfaultcode故障码barometricpressure大气压anopencondition断路，开路ashortencondition短路PARTAUTOMAINTENAI
4、NCENotes on the Text1FaultinformationscanbedisplayedthroughtheinstrumentpanelCheckEngineLamporbyconnectingtheDRB(DiagnosticReadingBox).故障信号能通过仪表盘上的检查发动机灯或联结DRB(故障诊断读取器)显示。PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE2Injectoroutputdriverdoesnotrespondproperlytothecontrolsignal(DRBspecifiestheinjectorbycylindernumber).喷油器输出信
5、号驱动器不能正确地受控制信号操纵(解码器用汽缸顺序数表示喷油器)。3MAPManifoldAbsolutePressure进(排)气歧管绝对压力。PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEExercises.Answer the following questions in English.1WhatisDRB?2WhatisMAP?3WhatisAIS？4WhatisA/C?PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE.Translate the following expressions into English.1故障码2电磁阀3氧传感器4最高允许电压5故障原因6参照信号PARTAUTOMAI
6、NTENAINCE.Translate the following sentences into English.1传感器输入信号低于最小允许电压值。2节气门位置输入信号电压高于最高允许值。3自动怠速控制线路上出现短路或断路。4氧传感器输入信号指示空燃比大。PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEReading MaterialVehicleIdentificationNumberWhatisaVehicleIdentificationNumber(VIN)?PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEAcarsvehicleidentificationnumber(VIN)istheidenti
7、fyingcodeforyourSPECIFICautomobile.Itisyourcarsfingerprint.Itsetstheirvehiclesapartfromthemillionsofvehiclesoutthere.TheVINisreflectedby17digitcharacters.Itdisplaysacarsuniquenessandmanufacturerandprovidesamethodtotraceyourcarfromthefactorytothejunkyard.YourVINcanbeusedtotrackrecalls,registrations,w
8、arrantyclaims,theftsandinsurancecoverage.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEHistory of the Vehicle Identification Number“VIN”Inthemid1950sAmericanautomobilemanufacturersbeganstampingandcastingidentifyingnumbersoncarsandtheirparts.Theobviouspurposewastogiveanaccuratedescriptionofthevehiclewhenmassproductionnumbersw
9、erestartingtoclimbinverysignificantnumbers.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEIntheearly1980stheNationalhighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(U.S.Dept.ofTransport)requiredthatallroadvehiclesmustcontaina17characterVIN.ThisestablishedthefixedVINsystemformajorvehiclemanufacturers.Thus,establishingaunique“DNA”stylenumber
10、foreachuniquevehiclewhichrolledofftheassemblyline.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEVehicle Identification NumbersAVehicleIdentificationNumber(VIN)isaunique17characternumber.VINsareusedinNewZealand,Australia,Europe,theUnitedStatesandothercountries.Theyrethemainwayvehiclesareidentifiedforadministrativepurposes.PAR
11、TAUTOMAINTENAINCEAllnewlyregisteredandre-registeredvehiclesmusthaveaVINaswellasaregistrationnumber.TheVINcanbe：stampedintothevehiclestructure(oftenthefirewall)duringmanufacture,orstampedonametalplateandfixedontothevehiclebody,oretchedontotherearwindowofthevehicle.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEWhy not frame or
12、 chassis numbersEachmakeofvehicleusesadifferentframeorchassisnumberingsystem.Thesystemsdontmatcheachother,andsometimesnumbersareduplicated.TheresaninternationallyrecognisedcodeforVINs,sotheyrestandardizedforallvehicles.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEDo VINs affect vehicle ownersMostly,no.NewvehiclesmusthaveaVI
13、Nattachedbeforetheyresold,anditsthemanufacturersorimportersresponsibilitytosupplythenumbers.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEWhat about second-hand importsSomeimportedsecond-handvehicleshaveVINsalreadyattached.Aslongasthenumberconformswiththeapprovedstandard(andisunique)itwillbeacceptedastherequiredidentificatio
14、n.WhenanimportedvehiclealreadyhasaVINnumber,itstheimportersresponsibilitytogivethesufficientinformationtodecodeit.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEWhere can I find my car VIN numberAsthenumberoftheftgrowing,manufacturersputmoreandmoreVINnumberstickerstomanypartsofthevehicle.WiththenewvehicletrackingsytemsuchasLo
15、Jack,policecantrackastolenvehiclewithinhours,givingthethiefnotimetoremovealltheVINnumberstickersthatareinmanyplacesandhiddensomewhereonthecarparts.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCETheVINnumbercanbefoundbylookingatthedashboardonthedriversideofthevehicle.IftheVINcannotbefound,openthedriversidedoorandlookatthedoorp
16、ost.Commonlocationsofthevehicleidentificationnumber(VIN)varybutthefollowingareplacestolook：PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEFirewallofthevehicleRadiatorSupportBracketDashbywindshieldDriversdoororpostonpassengersideGuarantee&MaintenanceBookMachinedPadonfrontofenginePARTAUTOMAINTENAINCENotes on the Text1.Acarsvehi
17、cleidentificationnumber(VIN)istheidentifyingcodeforyourSPECIFICautomobile.Itisyourcarsfingerprint.Itsetstheirvehiclesapartfromthemillionsofvehiclesoutthere.一辆汽车的识别码是你所特有的汽车的鉴别代码。它是你汽车的指纹。它使人们的汽车与数百万的汽车有了显而易见的分别。PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE2.Intheearly1980stheNationalhighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(U.S.De
18、pt.ofTransport)requiredthatallroadvehiclesmustcontaina17characterVIN.ThisestablishedthefixedVINsystemformajorvehiclemanufacturers.在20世纪80年代，国道行车安全管理部(美国运输局)要求所有行驶车辆必须含有一个17位的车辆识别码。这为主要的车辆生产厂商确立了固有的VIN码系统。PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE3.Someimportedsecond-handvehicleshaveVINsalreadyattached.Aslongasthenumberco
19、nformswiththeapprovedstandard(andisunique)itwillbeacceptedastherequiredidentification.WhenanimportedvehiclealreadyhasaVINnumber,itstheimportersresponsibilitytogivethesufficientinformationtodecodeit.一些进口的二手车已经附有VIN码。只要这个码与认可标准一致(并且是惟一性的)，它就可以作为必需的识别码被认可。当一辆进口车已经具备了VIN码，进口商就有责任提供详尽的解释信息。PARTAUTOMAINTE
20、NAINCE4.Asthenumberoftheftgrowing,manufacturersputmoreandmoreVINnumberstickerstomanypartsofthevehicle.WiththenewvehicletrackingsytemsuchasLoJack,policecantrackastolenvehiclewithinhours,givingthethiefnotimetoremovealltheVINnumberstickersthatareinmanyplacesandhiddensomewhereonthecarparts.随着盗窃数字的上升，生产商
21、在汽车的很多部位安放了越来越多的VIN码标签。借助像“LoJack”这种新型车辆跟踪系统，警察数小时之内就能跟踪到一辆被盗车辆，使小偷没有时间去除汽车零部件上很多部位和随处隐藏的VIN码标签。PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE5.2 Car Exterior Care TipsWash your carWashyourcarregularlyatleastonceamonth.Makesuretowashoffalltheplaceswherethedirtandsaltmaybeaccumulatedthemoistureaccumulatesindirtyareascausingco
22、rrosion.Usepressurewashatleastonceinawhileremovesthedirtfromdifficulttoreachareas,particularlyhelpfulafterwinter.Havethecarwaxedincarwashstationsmakethecarshinyandprotectthepaint.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEHow to wax your carWaxyourcarafterwashingwaxhelpstoprotectthepaint,minimizingharmofchemicalsandprotec
23、tingthepaintfromfading;plusthecarlooksshiny.Waxyourcaronceinathreeorfourmonthstheoften,thebetter.Waxawholecarwithhighqualitycarwaxittakesabout30minutes.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCERustproofing your vehicleRustproofingwillbehelpfulformanyreasons:Itprotectsacarbodyfromtherust.Itprotectselectricalconnectorsand
24、wiresfromthemoisture.Itprotectsthebrakelinesfromcorrosion(whichisveryimportantforsafetyreasons).PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEHow to repair stone chipsThestonechipswillcausecorrosionifnotrepairedintime.First:buythematchingspraypaintfromadealerandfindatoothpick.Second:shakethespraypaintverywell(forafewminutes)
25、.Third:sprayverysmallamountintothecap.Last:deeptheendofthetoothpickintothepaintinthecaptofeelupdamage.Note:Verycarefully,dontletthepainttocomeout.Nowitlooksmuchbetteranditwillnotbecorrodedlater.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEHow to remove residue marks(paint)left by other objectsThismarkonthebumperwasmadeinthe
26、undergroundparking.Ifyoulookverycloselyitsactuallywhitepaintresidueoveroriginalclearcoat.Theclearcoatitselfseemstobedamagedonlyslightly.Now,trytoremoveit.Step1:buyultra-fine1500-gritor2000-gritwaterproofsandpaper(thehighernumberstaysforthefinestabrasive:the60-gritsandpaperisveryrough,whilethe2000-gr
27、itsandpaperisultra-fine).PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEStep2:findpolishingcompoundcontainingmildabrasives(IusedonefromTurtleWax).Step3:findacarwax(IusedTurtleWaxliquidcarwaxwithCarnauba).Step4:tryonsometinyspottoseehowitworks.Step5:sandthemarkswithwetsandpaperuntiltheyallgone.(buttheclearcoathaslostitsshine).
28、Step6:putsmallamountofthepolishingcompoundontothedampspongeandrubwelluntiltheclearcoatbecomesshiny.Laststep,bufftheareawiththecarwax.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEHow to remove deep scratchesSomethedeepscratchesmayberepainted.Step1:buymatchingspraypaint.Step2:washtheareathoroughlyandletitdrycompletely.Step3:s
29、hakethespraypaintverywell(atleast2-3minutes).PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEStep4:sprayalittleamountintothecap.Dontspraydirectlyontothescratchitwontlookgood.Now,applythepaintoverthescratchverycarefullywithawoodentoothpick.Onlycoverthescratchwithoutlettingthepainttopourdown.Ifthepaintingpoursdown,wipeitoffimmed
30、iatelywiththecleantissue.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEHow to remove minor scratchesLookattheimage,thesescratchesonthetrunkweremadebythetreebranches.Itsnotabigproblem,but.Iwillremovethesescratchesintwosteps:First,Iusepolishingcompoundtopolishthescratches.Itcontainsmildabrasiveandremovesverythincoatofpainting.
31、Whenyouwillshopforthiskindofproduct,therearefewgradesavailable.Youneedtheonethatcointainsthefinestabrasive.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEIputalittleamountofpolishingcompoundontoadampspongeandbuffthescratchedareainacircularmotionuntilscratchesdisappear.Butdontoverdoit.Idsuggesttryingasmallareafirst,togetusetot
32、heprocess.ThenIwashofftheareacompletely.Nowitstimetousealiquidwax.Isqueezealittleamountofwaxontoaspongeandspreadevenlyonthescratchedarea.Iwaitalittleallowingproducttohaze,then,usingasofttowel,Ibuffthewax.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCETechnical Wordsexteriorn.外壳waxn.蜡corrosionn.锈蚀moisturen.水气，潮气bumpern.保险杠coat
33、ingn.涂层limestonen.水垢，石灰石PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCErustproofv.防锈,防锈处理residuen.残渣,残余物toothpickn.牙签ultra-fineadj.超细的sandpapern.砂纸spongen.海绵buffn.；v.软皮；(用软皮、棉布、毛毡、抛光轮)进行抛光hazev.使朦胧，变混浊PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEPhrases and Expressionstakecareof保护washoff清除protectsfrom保护PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCENotes on the Text1.Usepressu
34、rewashatleastonceinawhileremovesthedirtfromdifficulttoreachareas,particularlyhelpfulafterwinter.至少过一段时间就必须用高压水冲洗去除难清洗部位的污垢，尤其在冬季更有好处。PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE2.Buyultra-fine1500-gritor2000-gritwaterproofsandpaper(thehighernumberstaysforthefinestabrasive:the60-gritsandpaperisveryrough,whilethe2000-gritsan
35、dpaperisultra-fine).购买超细的1500号或2000号的防水砂纸(砂纸标号越高，代表磨料越细：60号砂纸是很粗的，而2000号砂纸是超细型的)。PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE3Isqueezealittleamountofwaxontoaspongeandspreadevenlyonthescratchedarea.Iwaitalittleallowingproducttohaze,then,usingasofttowel,Ibuffthewax.我挤出车蜡少许放在海绵上，然后均匀地涂在擦痕处。等一会儿，让它变得朦胧混浊后，再用软毛巾擦亮。PARTAUTOMAINT
36、ENAINCEExercises.Answer the following questions in English.1Whydoweneedtotakecareofcarbody?2Howoftenmustyouwashyourcaratleast?3Whatmakesthecarshinyandprotectsthepaint?4Howoftendoyouhavetowaxyourcar?5Howlongdoesittaketopolishawholecar?PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE.Translate the following expressions.1去除刮痕2防止生
37、锈3慎重选用车蜡4保持光亮爽洁、不留擦痕5每月一次660号砂纸PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE.Translate the following sentences into English.1把喷漆瓶充分摇匀(至少23分钟)。2必须彻底清除藏污积垢的地方。3汽车沾上污垢后要及时处理。4用潮湿的砂纸来擦抹斑点直到斑点全部擦去。5清除车体内外的各种氧化和腐蚀。PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEReading MaterialCarDecorating:SpotlightsCardecoratingcanbeeasyandfun.Learnhowtofitspotlightstoyou
38、rcarlegallyandsafelyandavoidthehassles.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCESpotlightsareausefuladditiontoyourcar.Theywillprovideaclearlydefinedpatchoflightontheroad.Thenarrowbeamofthespotlighthasaverylongrange.Itisbestusedtolightuptheroadaheadoftheheadlightmainbeam.Anotheroptionisdrivinglights,whichgiveamuchbroader
39、,moreevenspreadoflightthandospotlights.Theseareusedassupplementstothenormalbeamlights.Theyareusuallypositionedsoastoilluminatetheareasoftheroadthattheheadlightsdonotlightup.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCESpotlightsareausefuladditiontoyourcar.Theywillprovideaclearlydefinedpatchoflightontheroad.Thenarrowbeamofth
40、espotlighthasaverylongrange.Itisbestusedtolightuptheroadaheadoftheheadlightmainbeam.Anotheroptionisdrivinglights,whichgiveamuchbroader,moreevenspreadoflightthandospotlights.Theseareusedassupplementstothenormalbeamlights.Theyareusuallypositionedsoastoilluminatetheareasoftheroadthattheheadlightsdonotl
41、ightup.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEBeforeyoufitanextrapairoflightstoyourcar,checktoseeifthegeneratorcancopewiththeextraload.Checkalsotomakesurethatthebatteryandterminalsareingoodorder.Therearealsolegalconsiderationstoabideby.Bothlightsmustbemountedsymmetricallyatleast24inchesandnomorethan42inchesfromthegrou
42、nd.Inadditionthelightsmustbenomorethan16inchesfromthesideofthecar.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEWhenyouhaveselectedyourlightsfollowthesestepstoinstallthemonyourvehicle:(1)Withyourlightkitwillcomeasetofclamps.Assembletheclampasperthewritteninstructionsprovided.Slidetheclampoverthereartoplipofthebumperplacingit
43、inaccordancewiththelegalrequirements.Tightentheboltstoholdtheclampinplace.(2)Fitthelightsmountingbolttotheclamp.Keepingthelightpointedstraightahead,doupthenuttightly.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE(3)Fitthelightsmountingbolttotheclamp.Keepingthelightpointedstraightahead,doupthenuttightly.(4)Youarenowreadytowir
44、eupthelights.Youwantthelightstoonlycomeonwiththemainbeam.Toachievethisyouwillneedtocreatearelay.Theoperatingpartoftherelayisconnectedtotheheadlightmainbeamwiringandtoaswitchonthedash.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE(5)Securetherelaytothebody-workwithaselftappingscrew.Runawirefromoneoftheoperatingterminalsofther
45、elaytotheheadlightmainbeamwireandconnectitwithaScotchlockconnector.Leadanotherwirefromtheotheroperatingterminaltothedash.Wireuponeoftheremainingterminalsofthelights.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE(6)Stripthelasthalfinchofinsulationfromthepowerwireofeachlight,thenfeedthemthroughtheradiatorgrille.Twistthebareden
46、dstogether,andfitthemintoanin-linecrimpedconnector.Fitthewirefromtherelayintotheotherendoftheconnector,thenusecrimpingplierstosecuretheconnector.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE(7)Findthewireyouranfromtherelaytothedash,andcrimpaspadeconnectortoit.Pushthewireontooneoftheswitchterminals.Fitaconnectorandleadawiref
47、romtheotherterminaltoaconvenientboltorscrewwhichisearthed.(8)Drillaholeinthedashandfittheswitchtoit,makingsureitsstraight.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE(9)Runawirefromtheremainingterminalontherelaytoapointwhichisliveallthetime,suchasatthesolenoid,thefuseboxoreventhebatteryterminal.Connectanin-linefuse-holderi
48、ntothewireusingsuitablecrimpconnectors,andfitafuseofthespecifiedratingintothefuseholder.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEBesuretofollowthesestepscarefullytoensurethatyourlightsareproperlywired.Andremember,too,toalwaysdisconnectthebatteryearthterminalbeforeyoustartworkonyourcarelectrics.Thatwayyouwillpreventashor
49、tcircuit.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCE5.3 Paint Your Car at HomeHavingacarwithnicepaintisboththebiggestrewardandthebiggesthassleincarcrafting.Themostdauntingchallengeforthefirst-timepainterisunderstandingthevariousstepsoftheprocess:prep,primer,blocking,andthefinalsprayjobanddetailing.Takenasawhole,itseemslik
50、eaninsurmountablehurdle,buteachstepbyitselftakesnomorethanacoupleofdays.PARTAUTOMAINTENAINCEPreparation1.Stripacarofallitstrim,bumpers,mirrors,grille,andotheritemsthatneedtoberemoved.2.Afterthoroughlycleaningthecarwithdetergentsfollowedbyawipe-downwithwaxandgreaseremover,theworkstartsbysandingdownth
