1、Welcome to the Literature Class!1/47Shakespeares Sonnets2/47Contents1.Revision 2.Sonnet3.Shakespeares Sonnets4.Reading of Sonnet 18 5.SummaryElementsOrigion&DevelopmentTypes&FeaturesDefinition3/471010141542Revision3 Romantic Drama Comedies Sonnets Narrative poems Historical Plays TragediesShakespear
2、esWorks4/47 Definition Sonnet:an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed.Sonnet5/47Sonnet Cycles(十四行诗组诗十四行诗组诗)vsonnet sequencesva series of sonnets linked together by exploring the varied aspects of a relationship between lovers,or else by indicating a development in
3、 the relationship that constitutes a kind of implicit plot.Sonnet6/47Sir Thomas Wyatt(1503-1542)Petrarch(1304-1374)Origin&DevelopmentSonnet7/47(1).Originated in Italy around the 1350s;(2).Perfected by Petrarch(1304-1374);(3).Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced Petrarchan sonnet from Italy into English liter
4、ature.(4).Decline and revival Origin&DevelopmentSonnet8/47Two types of sonnet:a.the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet b.the English or Shakespearean sonnet.Difference:structure,rhyme scheme,and subject matter Types of SonnetsSonnet9/47Sonnet octave(8 lines)rhyming abbaabba sestet(6 lines)rhyming cdecde o
5、r cdccdc.11 syllables in each lineThe Italian or Petrarchan sonnet10/47On His BlindnessvWhen I consider how my light isvEre half my days,in this dark world and vAnd that one talent which is death to vLodged with me useless,though my soul morevTo serve therewith my maker,andvMy true account,lest he r
6、eturningv“Doth god exact day-labor,light vI fondly ask;but Patience to vThat murmur,soon replies,“God doth not vEither mans work or his own gifts;whovBear his mild yoke,they serve him best.His vIs kingly.Thousands at his bidding vAnd post oer land ocean without vthey also serve who only stand andspe
7、ntwidehide,bentpresentchide;denied?prevent needbeststate speedrest:wait.”Sonnet11/47SonnetThe English or Shakespearean sonnetvthree quatrains+a concluding couplet:abab 1-4 v cdcd 5-8 efef 9-12 gg 13-14 vSpenserian sonnet:abab bcbc cdcd ee.v10 syllables in each line12/47Sonnet 29vWhen,in disgrace wit
8、h Fortune and mens vI all alone beweep my outcast vAnd trouble deaf heaven with my bootlessvAnd look upon myself,and curse myvWishing me like to one more rich invFeatured like him,like him with friends vDesiring this mans art and that mans vWith what I most enjoy contented vYet in these thoughts mys
9、elf almostvHaply I think on thee-and then myvLike to the lark at break of day vFrom sullen earth,sings hymns at heavensvFor thy sweet love remembred such wealth vThat then I scorn to change my state witheyes,state,cries.fate,hope,possessed,least;despising,state,arisinggate,bringskings.scope,Sonnet13
10、/47SonnetvPetrarchan sonnet has on the whole favored a statement of problem,situation,or incident in the octave,with a resolution in the sestet.vThe English sonnet sometimes uses a similar division of material,but often presents a repetition-with-variation of a statement in each of the three quatrai
11、ns.The final couplet in the English sonnet usually imposes an epigrammatic turn at the end.Difference in Structure14/47 Elements Foot MetreRhythm LinestanzaSonnet15/47 Foot:the basic metrical unit,a part of a line of poetry in which there is one strong beat and one or two weaker beats.音步音步Sonnet16/4
12、7v Monometer one footv Dimeter two feetv Trimeter three feetv Tetrameter four feetv Pentameter five feetv Hexameter six feetv Heptameter seven feetv Octameter eight feet Types of Foot Sonnet17/47 Meter:regularized rhythm;an arrangement of language in which the accents occurs at apparently equal inte
13、rvals in time.格律，韵律格律，韵律Sonnet18/47vDuple meter:vIambic(one unstressed+one stressed)vTrochaic(one stressed+one unstressed)vpyrrhic(one unstressed+one unstressed)vTriple meter:vAnapestic(two unstressed+one stressed)vDactylic(one stressed+two unstressed)vSpondaic(two stressed)vMonosyllabic foot(one st
14、ressed)Metrical PatterningSonnet19/47Metrical patterning:1)Iamb 抑扬格抑扬格2)Trochee 扬抑格扬抑格3)Anapest 抑抑扬格抑抑扬格4)Dactyl 扬抑抑格扬抑抑格5)Spondee 扬扬格扬扬格 6)pyrrhic 抑抑格抑抑格7)Monosyllabicthe sunwent tointervenecolor of true-blue of the truthSonnet20/47 Rhythm:a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements.节律，节奏节律，节
15、奏Sonnet21/47 5-foot Iambus (Iambic Pentametre)Shall I compare thee to a summers day?aThou art more lovely and more temperate.bRough winds do shake the darling buds of may,aAnd summers lease hath all too short a date.bSonnet22/47Shakespeares Sonnets1609:“Shakespeares Sonnets.Never before Imprinted”15
16、4 sonnets,written between 1593 and 1599.Certain motifs are evident in this sonnet sequence.Sonnet23/47Three Groups 1-17:on a handsome young man Mr.W.H.18-126:the idea that the beloved youth will survive through the poets verse.127-154:about the“dark lady of the sonnets”.Sonnet24/47Sonnet 18Sonnet25/
17、47Sonnet 18Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or natures changing course untrimmed;Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds
18、of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date:26/4727/47Questions for DiscussionSonnet1.Who is the speaker?2.Whats the relationship betwee the speaker and“thee”?Why does the speaker compare“thee”to a summers day?3.What are the differences between the natural summer and“thy”summer?4.What figures
19、 of speech can you find in this sonnet?5.What imageries does Shakespeare employ in this sonnet?How do they contribute to theme of the sonnet?6.Whats the purpose and theme of this sonnet?28/47The speaker of a poem is not necessarily the poet.Frequently,the speaker represents a type of person.SonnetTh
20、e speaker might be a poet or a lover of poetrySpeaker?29/47Lovers?Friends?Or intimate SonnetRelationship?30/47What are the features of an English summers day?Mild;beautiful;short;Changeable.Sonnet31/47ContrstThy summerNatural summerShort Eternal Leased Owst Hot Temperate Decline Rough wind DimmedLov
21、ely breath Not fade Deathless Sonnet32/47Rhetorical question;Metaphor;PersonificationHypoble;Repetitiona.Make the language more figurative and vivid.b.Make the theme more concrete.c.Add depth,richness and clarity to the poem.Sonnet33/47SonnetImageryvThe representation of sense experience to the imag
22、ination through language.v1.visual imagery(sight)v2.auditory imagery(sound)v3.olfactory imagery(smell);v4.gustatory imagery(taste)v5.tactile imagery(touch)v6.kinesthetic imagery(movement or v tension in the muscles or joints).v7.organic imagery(hunger,thirst,fatigue v or nausea)v 34/47SonnetImageryv
23、Poets use images not only to create physical experiences but also to establish moods.Rough windDarling budsHot eyeGold complexionvThey make the theme more concrete and concentrated.35/47PurposeShakespeares purpose might be to express the idea that the artistic beauty is eternal and express his stron
24、g love for poetry.Sonnetto express an emotion,a mood,or an idea.to reveal human nature,to describe a place,to tell a story,to achieve some combination of purposes.36/47PurposeTheme of this sonnet:The beauty of/in poetry is eternal.SonnetTheme is the central concept developed in a poem and conveyed t
25、o the readers.It is usually an abstract concept which becomes concrete through the idiom and imagery.37/47十四行诗十四行诗1818或许我可用夏日将你或许我可用夏日将你作比喻，作比喻，但你比夏日更可爱也但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。更温良。夏风狂作常会催落五夏风狂作常会催落五月娇蕊，月娇蕊，夏季期限也未免还不夏季期限也未免还不太长。太长。有时候天眼如炬人间有时候天眼如炬人间酷热难当，酷热难当，但转瞬又金面如晦常但转瞬又金面如晦常惹云遮雾障。惹云遮雾障。每一个美都终究会凋每一个美都终究会凋残零落，
26、残零落，或见弃于机缘，或受挫于或见弃于机缘，或受挫于天道无常。天道无常。然而你永恒夏季却不会终然而你永恒夏季却不会终止，止，你优美形象也永远不会消你优美形象也永远不会消亡，亡，死神难夸口说你在它罗网死神难夸口说你在它罗网中游荡，中游荡，只因你借我诗行便可长寿只因你借我诗行便可长寿无疆。无疆。只要人口能呼吸，人眼看只要人口能呼吸，人眼看得清，得清，我这诗就长存，使你万世我这诗就长存，使你万世留芳。留芳。38/471414行诗行诗1818v能不能让我把你比作夏日能不能让我把你比作夏日？v你可是愈加可爱，愈加温你可是愈加可爱，愈加温婉；婉；v狂风会吹落五月里开好花狂风会吹落五月里开好花儿，儿，v夏季
27、租出日子又未免太短夏季租出日子又未免太短暂：暂：v有时候苍天巨眼照得太灼有时候苍天巨眼照得太灼热，热，v他那金彩脸色也会被遮暗；他那金彩脸色也会被遮暗；v每一样美呀，总会离开美每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋谢，而凋谢，v被时机或者自然代谢所催被时机或者自然代谢所催残；残；v不过你永久夏天决不会凋不过你永久夏天决不会凋枯，枯，v你永远不会失去你美形象；你永远不会失去你美形象；v死神夸不着你在他影子里死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅，踯躅，v你将在不朽诗中与时间同你将在不朽诗中与时间同长；长；v只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看见，见，v我这诗就活着，使你生命我这诗就活着，使你生命绵延。绵延。v
28、屠岸屠岸 译译39/47Sonnet 29vWhen,in disgrace with Fortune and mens eyes,vI all alone beweep my outcast state,vAnd trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries.vAnd look upon myself,and curse my fate,vWishing me like to one more rich in hope,vFeatured like him,like him with friends possessed,vDesiring this m
29、ans art and that mans scope,vWith what I most enjoy contented least;40/47vYet in these thoughts myself almost despising,vHaply I think on thee-and then my state,vLike to the lark at break of day arisingvFrom sullen earth,sings hymns at heavens gate,vFor thy sweet love remembred such wealth bringsvTh
30、at then I scorn to change my state with kings.41/47十四行诗十四行诗2929v面对命运抛弃，世人冷眼，面对命运抛弃，世人冷眼，v我唯有独自把飘零身世悲我唯有独自把飘零身世悲叹。叹。v我曾徒然地呼唤聋耳苍天，我曾徒然地呼唤聋耳苍天，v诅咒自己时运，顾影自怜。诅咒自己时运，顾影自怜。v我希望，愿胸怀千般心愿，我希望，愿胸怀千般心愿，v愿有颜如玉，有三朋六友愿有颜如玉，有三朋六友相周旋；相周旋；v愿有才华盖世，有文才斐愿有才华盖世，有文才斐然，然，v唯对自己优点，偏偏看轻看唯对自己优点，偏偏看轻看淡。淡。v我正耽与这种妄自菲薄思想，我正耽与这种妄自菲
31、薄思想，v猛然间想到了你，顿景换情猛然间想到了你，顿景换情迁，迁，v我忽如破晓云雀凌空振羽，我忽如破晓云雀凌空振羽，v对沧茫大地，呕颂歌一曲天对沧茫大地，呕颂歌一曲天门站。门站。v但记住你柔情招来财无限，但记住你柔情招来财无限，v纵帝王屈尊就我，不与换江纵帝王屈尊就我，不与换江山。山。42/47Questions on Sonnet 29:vWho is the speaker in the poem?vWhat are the speakers complaints in 1-8 lines?vIs there any change in the speakers attitude in t
32、he poem?Do you have such kind of experience?vWhat does the speaker remember in Line10?43/47vWhat imageries are used in the poem?How do they contribute to the theme?vWhat kind of figures of speech are used in the poem?vWhat is the rhyming scheme of the poem?vWhat is the rhyming scheme of the poem?Can
33、 you scan the poem?44/47SonnetSummary of the features of Shakespeares Sonnetsvstrong feeling;vcertain motif;va density of thought and imagery;vdelight by a felicity of phrase and verse movement;vafford readers hints of Shakespeares personality and personal life.45/47SonnetAssignmentsv1.Recite Sonnet 18.v2.Choose Shakespeares another sonnet and try to analyze its elements.46/47SonnetThank you for your attention!47/47
