1、9db4c60febd28637c3080547bbecfaeL99db4c89f5f3b5ddf242717f7ef6bbc8樶L99db4e72ce1490fa87654b58f878f847L99db54ac2d1fe97e9398f94b7297e5a7L99db54c796122b1b0109df0a74b33090L99db56876d0a5947014dfa45c1e0b53c褶L99db5c8288d554d3766876b8373ddeab簶L99db674865b27dc25362a899b966e969L99db6b6d4f2bcd89ae92d7aa96fc57a9L9
2、9db6cc246facc093cb8388b9bb5ded5L99db6e89c0a8ff0e6b5f59c5dfd2fc33樶L99db6efd2ee86a12235aae1b7ff67482L99db6f1c5d60a5c2e20d976518345e43L99db725539a352251e681e39782e155d鐶L99db74aa1b2127ea196b201b3e4a4643堶L99db79157e1dec64310524f0871482a8L99db7a3687c1b472f7aa6f669817bcfc鄶L99db9565395cb6afc3d92719ac62f3d0L
3、99db9913b5a7f531fc1f0910751bb155L99dba1ed554530d3c2732ffacb26b828L99dba2a547464772a37381860000da01L99dba376e6dfa2e4652a9dfc1a8804e1L99dba449ce89b0ec61c64c4b5cece572L99dba449ce89b0ec61c64c4b5cece572脶L99dbaf01142239216f4f35bb010ae1e2L99dbb389c4e7e7c4c2f9812ccf644b38L99dbb87aaf1ef0ba04778109ab8f170fL99
4、dbb9c7060bc1ecdd563af3c6033371L99dbc1c0071dc03b0f0bbb0a0a0d5e30L99dbccc2167eebf7202162060cfd92c4蔶L99dbcd1c6a3167847145bd2a3a2deceaL99dbce1adf9c06f9b6619e2bb93a98b1L99dbd476fbbae9d69bfdc15e9e4eff1d匶L99dbe6ba751fe8bb58d7d93da364ae3aL99dbe9debde1e314b4e048d766043b75L99dbf27238cde0fe54341bef3af4b467L99d
5、bf5ac09f9699aabbc29fca8d7a741L99dbfa3a53272c032b8044360e966834L99dc03151a0f74404e7a7a783fa17b70L99dc04a06f6aae2852e18ce74f0a0c74L99dc1409341f3962a61658bdfc982f3eL99dc23c8be733a78ab1734b72ee7985dL99dc3e940207bf16d5fc3cda725cab46L99dc452e70ef45c45cd7dc410bca2017阶L99dc45e2336f109f2c4900939d428c6a脶L99dc
6、4a39f932bf09bda8a183d5ce5acbL99dc529278ac7e48c1ed5266d95f932cL99dc54978e71910f7ba5690b08335c41L99dc5a51b8d3bc6e9e9cd26365609869L99dc5e1294cabe0b270c22e97d8c9edd漶L99dc60b95a84b17b118372ec0a6ace49鄶L99dc6905d566124eae600d4a857cb0ed匶L99dc693fefd66d873983bbd5d3265788L99db584eab6a1a53903e5bcf003c5464L99db
7、6afc75fe1db7634339b6caeeba12L99dbc681796083376da47a49ca3061ef鐶L99dbafbfc4b0e536409b0e7e0dc2833c鐶L99dc2f6f7edbfd25fd9ac3d191d4cb0aL99dc4db2ed8ed4afee10ede09c164070L99dbd1d671fa9c98d247e8c8a125d336L99db4f33cc457cfd2e157aed4e7333b4L99dbc24f1e0917067df745b12b88b7f0L99dc585f999e7682836efda29edef1f4萶L99db
8、574ba255b6f146dcd89a50e97127L99db89114f25d6ffa15e99f814f8b26cL99dbeedb2625894672bf4658899a716cL99dbf92e005864f67fc0e873624ceec1L99dc1541edd02f20f04a8361f7665b0eL99dc2018c9f85249fe5f207652e3c1bdL99dc4fd48f96cd1e2e5d35b92f11cba4L99dbdc930c92cdc0f49ef000c0cab8a1舶L99db90c38a89b5da157e95987ca2e889L99dbe3
9、3f56c7b182a1f7949f1a1d0523L99db589b4bbd5dc980b34f43bf6dd9b6L99db70b5ff4545f187a89a77b9d7b826怶L99dba062e95bd9e1de7b8708d610bc9bL99dbe98dae1c00cf47078fcb37de3bb1L99dba8135e94d553398d1f768addda37L99db7140a52a7dc2e0a32935a93cba03唶L99dbf6e2277a1720f48b83041a2aa8bcL99dc18c553d056c943e044a0cbf6ece4L99db93f
10、b9927398dbdcbfca16a51a092L99db93fb9927398dbdcbfca16a51a092L99db55296afee8c30fdd243abc0c5d10鼶L99dbd1fa04bb3d417dac524ebd3df76e礶L99dbc260b1830bf44154c6f6fd071e87L99dc4693f39575ed631e62727eea9ca0佊L99dc1a93f3aadf68f51c0c404262541f踶偅L99db9f45e0944b1b6d43c2ff81550dab僝L99dc1311fd9bb63b670c0893ae13c5cd儉L99d
11、bb6612c2162bd0bc4f71525410e52洶勨L99dc143315de8aeb0de5318ccdbd51ea匚L99db8c541e06ec6dba4365989832358f洶吚L99dbfc12fd33c6c49590ac2017f23575呩L99dbb14cba2411cd137c917d18570b72舶呰L99db6f531d8ef86b34a27e76d43e54a9嗼L99dc3970c9ae4718e40a2dc788917f7f嘎L99dbd7da3be4cdb11aff2250a8c0a969圽L99dbbd3ebf4ef916d8dbe4d9ae81
12、77fb垎L99db93b20a6548669f7a1770ab5a558a鬶垕L99dc2c635624279efdb1b170a144beca易过些吧?刘臣:也不见得容易过。网考现在在全国进行小范围的试点,每省只抽取一个班,它不仅是考试的改革,也是教学要求的改革。网考的形考的量很大,而且要求也比纸考多。另外,教学的方式和方法上也需要与老师配合,它是改革的情况,由于这个改革刚起步,还没有更好的经验,所以我们觉得不便在全国一下子铺开,所以选了部分教学点和部分老师来做。如果今年网考的效果好的话,我们会逐步扩大。我们题库的量很大,题型虽然没有问答题和论述题,你要说容易也不见得,因为两种考核的方式、
13、目标不太一致。问:老师能不能帮我们勾几个名词解释?刘臣:抱歉,不太好勾。按照导学后面的重点名词去把握。问:我们十月开始上课!就二个月的时间要上六门课,平时上班也很忙!真不知道今年是否能过啊!刘臣:你要是十月开课难度确实大一些。但一般来说你二个月上六门课程是不是你自己安排的呀,你要根据自己的工作、学习情况、学习精力和学习基础来安排课程。有时事倍功半、事半功倍就在一念之间。我们一般觉得两年半至三年学完课程比较合理,如果一学期学六门课程难度确实很大。问:孙老师您好能否将一些论述题的答案挂在网上刘臣:基本理论按照教材阐述的内容,在网上导学的答案里我们也整理了。联系部分没有标准的答案。问:能否出几套模拟
14、题让我们做一下?刘臣:复习一个阶段以后可以上网做我们网上挂的2004年的试题,你如果做了之后感觉不是很难,那么考试应该说没有太大的难度。其它试题的难易程度、题量、答题要求一模一样。问:网考中的名词解释重点会在第几章?孙艳萍:概念连线:就是把名词和名词的答案都出现,然后你来对应连线。连线的范围一是期末复习指导里面的重点名词。另外大家看一下教材中的黑体字的名词它作为我们这次复习的主要范围。概念连线这个题型应该难度不算大。问:针对第1,7,9,11,17章,是不是对于网考的学生也不做要求呢?刘臣:是,也不做要求。问:老师:目前已考的试题占题库的比例大致已占多少?刘臣:目前已考的只占题库的20不到。题
15、库现在有两种,一种是网考的,它是自动组卷的,题是永远存在的,比如说出40道题,只占题库的5%左右。如果是纸考的,它是考一套,我们补充一套,始终保持题库中的题是一个固定的量。问:老师前两年考过的题,今年还会出现吗?刘臣:完全有出现的可能。问:谢谢两位老师对我们的理解,但具体关于今晚的内容,将会放于何处?辛苦了!刘臣:会放到虚拟课堂、教学辅导、首页教学活动时间表里我们都会上传。问:26-30日的网上考试模拟练习,在那里可找到?刘臣:形考平台。问:第十一章导学单项选择题11中的答案疑问,一般地说,位于LM曲线左方的收入和利率的组合都是,A、货币需求大于货币供给的非均衡组合B、货币需求大于货币供给的均
16、衡组合,我认为是答案A,可是参考答案是B,为什么?刘臣:考试也不会涉及,你看一下其它的章节吧。问:名词解释是不是期末复习指导里的重点名词解释.别的就可以不用看了?刘臣:完全正确。问:老师确认一下:是不是今年开始不把平时成绩分数加入最终考试成绩中了,期末成绩一定要60分才算通过啊!刘臣:不是。没有参加网考的同学形考成绩加上终考成绩合起来合格就可以了。网考的同学终考、形考都要及格。但是如果形考不达到两次以上,按照中央电大的要求不能参加期末考试。问:这学期的考试是不是没有画图题?刘臣:有。问:老师,我们考试都有什么样的题型啊?上网答题要注意什么?您能给我举个考试例题吗?刘臣:单选、多选、判断、连线。
17、举例请上形考平台。问:老师,网上公布的导学计算题是不是有错,如第十章第2题和第2题的K值,b为什么是边际消费倾向和边际储蓄倾向之和,尤其第2题,看不太懂,请老师分别说明.刘臣:见导学参考答案的解题步骤。刘臣:非常感谢各位老师和同学的大力支持。如果大家觉得今天的讨论不尽兴,我们可以通过日常答疑继续交流。祝愿大家取得好的成绩,提前祝大家在新的一年里身体健康、学习进步、工作顺利。今天的答疑就到此结束了,谢谢!孙艳萍:谢谢大家,再见!特别注意下面用红色描出的内容。第三部分 各章重点第二章 供求理论一、重点名词1、 均衡价格:均衡价格是一种商品供给曲线和需求曲线相交时的价格。此时需求价格等于供给价格,需
18、求量等于供给量。2、 需求的收入弹性:是指人们收入变动引起商品需求量变动的反应程度,也就是说收入变动百分之一导致需求量变动百分之几。3、 需求规律:即描述价格与需求量之间关系的规律。在其他条件不变时,一种商品的价格与需求量成反方向变动。因此需求曲线向右下方倾斜。4、 供给规律:即描述价格与供给量之间关系的规律。在其他条件不变时,一种商品的价格与供给量成同方向变动。因此供给曲线向右上方倾斜。二、重点掌握1、需求量的变动与需求变动的异同。需求量是指某一特定价格水平时,消费者购买某种商品的数量,它在图上表现为一个点。需求量的变动是指其他条件不变,价格变动所引起的变动,在图上表现为点在曲线上的移动。需
19、求是指在某一特定时期内,在每一价格水平时愿意而且能够购买的商品量,它在图上表现为一条曲线。需求的变动是指价格之外的其他因素的变动所引起的变动,在图上表现为曲线的移动。2、需求的价格弹性需求价格弹性的含义需求价格弹性是指价格变动引起需求量变动的反应程度。具体地说,它是指价格变动的比率所引起的需求量变动的比率,即需求量变动对价格变动的反应程度。需求价格弹性的计算需求价格弹性系数Ed是需求量变动的比率与价格变动的比率的比值。计算公式为:(弧弹性);(点弹性)。 表示需求量变动的比率; 表示价格变动的比率。 在同一条需求曲线上,不同点的弹性系数大小并不相同。P在同一条直线上,不同点的点弹性为1/|斜率
20、|*P/QEd1 M Ed=1Ed0,说明商品是替代商品;当大学英语(A)考试大纲(2010年修订版)试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试,旨在遵循网络教育应用型人才的培养目标,针对从业人员继续教育的特点,重在检验学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力,全面提高现代远程高等学历教育的教学质量。“大学英语”课程是现代远程教育试点高校网络教育实行全国统一考试的部分公共基础课之一。该课程的考试是一种基础水平检测性考试,考试合格者应达到与成人高等教育本科相应的大学英语课程要求的水平。考试对象教育部批准的现代远程教育试点高校网络教育学院和中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”项目中自20
21、04年3月1日(含3月1日)以后入学的本科层次学历教育的学生,应参加网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试。“大学英语(A)”考试大纲适用于英语类专业的高中起点与专科起点本科学生。考试目标本考试旨在全面检查现代远程教育英语专业学生综合运用英语听、说、读、写、译各项基本技能的能力。考生应扎实地掌握基本的语法知识和词汇,具备运用不同的阅读和听力技巧获取信息的能力以及用英语进行口头和笔头交际的能力。 听说能力考核暂不列入全国统考范围之内,由各学校自行组织。相关要求参见本大纲。考试内容与要求【语法】 考生应扎实地掌握基本的英语语法知识,并能在交际中正确地加以运用。【词汇】 考生应认知5 000个单词,并熟
22、练掌握其中的2 300个词及其基本的搭配。【阅读】 考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会生活相关的不同类型的文字材料,包括应用文、描述文、记叙文、说明文和议论文等不同文体,阅读速度为每分钟80个单词。考生应能:1 理解主旨要义;2 理解文中具体信息;3 根据上下文推测生词词义;4 进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5 理解文中的概括性含义;6 理解文章的结构及单句之间、段落之间的关系;7 理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8 区分观点、论点和论据。【翻译】考生应能在规定的时间内将2个难度适中的中文句子翻译成英语。考生应能:1 用正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点等进行表达;2 做到译文通顺、达意。【写作】 考生应能在3
23、0分钟内写出长度不少于150词的常见应用文及一般的描述文、记叙文、说明文和议论文。考生应能:1 用正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达;内容切题,结构严谨,条理清楚;2 遵循文章的一般文体格式;3 根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。【听力】 考生应能听懂日常生活以及社会生活中的一般性谈话,平均语速为每分钟140个单词。考生应能:1 理解主旨要义;2 获取事实性的具体信息3 了解明确表达的概括性含义;4 进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5 理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。【口语】 考生应能就日常生活和工作中的常见情景进行对话,表达个人意见、观点和态度。考生应能:1 根据特定场景进行有效、得体的口头
24、交际;2 基本连贯地进行较长的表述;3 做到语音、语调基本正确,无重大语法错误,语言流畅;4 主动交流,并能用适当的补救措施解决交流中出现的困难。试卷结构与题型部分项目内容题型题量分值总分时间(分钟)I 阅读理解2篇短文,每篇5道题单项选择1033025II 词汇与结构10个单句单项选择1022025完型填空1篇短文完型10220III汉译英2个句子翻译251010IV写作1篇作文命题作文1202030总计3310090考试方式与时间考试为基于网络的闭卷考试,满分为100分,时间为90分钟。除翻译与写作部分采用人工阅卷以外,其他部分采用机器阅卷。考试由全国高校网络教育考试委员会组织命题,在同一
25、时间全国统考。题型示例 大学英语(A)模拟试卷Information for the Examinees:This examination consists of FOUR parts. They are:Section I Reading Comprehension (30 points, 25 minutes)Section II Vocabulary and Grammar (40 points, 25 minutes)Section III Translation (10 points, 10 minutes)Section IV Writing (20 points, 30 minu
26、tes)The total score for this examination is 100. The time allowed for this examination is 90 minutes.Section I: Reading Comprehension 30 pointsInstructions: This section will take approximately 25 minutes. There are TWO sections in this part.Part 1: Questions 1-5 are based on this part. (15 points)R
27、ead the following passage and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Manhattan Island is the oldest and most important of the five boroughs that make up New York City. It is 21.7 kilometers long and 3.8 kilometers wide at its widest point. It contains New Yorks tallest buildings as well as some
28、of the largest schools and colleges, and the most famous financial and theater districts in the United States. It has skyscrapers and Central Park, the old and the new, the best and the worst. It is like no other big city. It is unique. To understand Manhattan, we must know something of its early hi
29、story: its early days of Dutch colonists and English settlers; the waves of the nineteenth-century European immigrants who arrived at its shores; the African-Americans who moved north after the Civil War; recent immigrants from China and other parts of Asia; and young people who go to New York from
30、all over America. It is a mix of ethnic groups and cultures, successes and failures, hopes and fears. The United States is a nation of immigrants and no other city displays this fact as well as New York City. From Chinatown and Little Italy to Harlem, New York is a place where communities take pride
31、 in retaining their ethnicity. Most immigrants went to America with very little money. America gave them hope and a new beginning. Millions of immigrants have prospered in America. On July 4, 1884, the people of France gave to the United States as a symbol of friendship, a statue sculptured by Frede
32、ric Auguste Bartholdi. This statue was placed on an island in New York Harbor. It is 46 meters high and was the first sight immigrants saw as they came into New York City by ship. It is known as the Statue of Liberty. On the statue is a poem written by Emma Lazarus. This poem sums up the American tr
33、adition of accepting people from other countries. It reads as follows: Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!1. What was the first sight
34、 immigrants on incoming ships saw as they entered New York Harbor?A. Chinatown.B. Central Park.C. Harlem.D. The Statue of Liberty.2. Emma Lazarus poem says that America is a place _.A. where poor and unfortunate people are welcomeB. where there is fortune for people coming from other parts of the wo
35、rldC. where there is garbage and litter on the shoreD. where there is a big light for people to get together.5.Part 2: Questions 6- 10 are based on this part. (15 points)Read the following passage and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. (题型示例参见Part 1)6.10.Section II: Vocabulary and Grammar 40
36、 pointsInstructions: This section will take 25 minutes. There are TWO parts in this section.Part 1: Questions 11- 20 are based on this section. (20 points)Read the following sentences and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. 11. Mary did her work _ the manager had instructed. AasA. untilB. whe
37、nC. though12. The boss gave orders that nothing _ touched until the police arrived here. A. should beB. ought to beC. must beD. would be13. _ of the twins went out of town because I saw both at my brothers party last night. A. None B. BothC. NeitherD. All.20 Part 2: Questions 21 - 30 are based on th
38、is section. (20 points)Read the following passage and fill in each blank by choosing the best answer from A, B, C and D. More and more people have to install burglar alarms in their houses if they want to get insurance. Insurance companies _ (21) people in certain areas to install the alarms before
39、they will give them insurance for the past year. This is _ (22) to increasing crimes in some parts of the country. This can be a problem for people who are struggling to make _ (23) ends meet. The alarms, _ (24) can be very expensive, need to be installed by an electrician. It is _ (25) that 20% of homes have alarms installed, and another 20% of people plan to have them installed, but have not installed them yet. The insurance companies _ (26) people to install the alarms on all doors and windows.21A. have been askingB. have been askedC. had been askingD. had been ask