1、 阅读理解专题之阅读理解专题之 “ “ 七选五七选五 ” ” 解题步骤与技巧解题步骤与技巧 THINGS THAT WE MUST KNOW: 1.考察方式： 给出一篇缺少5个句子的短文和7个选项。要求考生根据文章 内容，选出正确的句子填入相应空白处。有两个多余选项。 2.考纲解读： 主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义 的理解和掌握。（考试说明） 3.选材特点： 短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240 左右，选项词数60左右。 4.设空类型 主旨句 （标题类，主题句类） 过渡性句子（文章结构） 细节注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义） 解题步骤：（在高考的现场如果
2、考生用大量的 时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是 没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。) 1.先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题,然后仔细 阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。（ 名词（ 代词）（数词）（特殊疑问词）（连词）（动词）（标 点/标题） 2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分 为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个 原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。 3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如 可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。 4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定 选项。 细节类题型解题技巧 七选五解题技巧1： 词汇复
3、现 复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种 写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对 同一个概念进行重复描述。 复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、 近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现、同范 畴词复现等。 The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses 72 So they are called
4、 diseases of civilizationMany cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases. AStone Age people lived a simple life. BBut today, we enjoy eating a lot of these. CIn that case, they would live much healthier. DAncient people also got lots of physical exercise. EThese new sickn
5、esses were not known in ancient times. F People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors. GModern people used to suffer from diseases of civilization. sicknesses sicknesses E 同词复现 On the other hand ,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new cult
6、ure,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the world._Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family, A.The following are its advantages. B.However,there may be a number of disadvantages. C.Consider a distance edu
7、cation. D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school. However ? 反义词复现 Dont fear people _. The reason most people dont take risks,or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody. A
8、. Focus on your own talents and strengths B.Never let others opinions guide your choices. C.Stay fearless in everything you will have to do. 派生词复现 C 七选五解题技巧2： 同范畴词 同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词 汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目 的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的 词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中 词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧 密。 Everybody gets stressed time to tim
9、e. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved
10、 pet. A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. C. Different people feel stress in different ways E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends. 可以相信的人=父母+亲戚+朋友（同范畴） F 七选五解题技巧3： 代词提示 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非 是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这 样的指代关系和根
11、据代词的单复数差异可以准确而 快速地解题。 it:单数名词或整个句子； they/them:复数名词； one:单数可数名词； that:不可数名词或句子； this:单数名词或句子； these/those:前句的复数名词。 73 They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, B. He said that laughter is much healthier than anger. A. Doctors say the solution
12、 is learning how to deal with anger. C. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. They A 过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为： A, 并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),.；First, then/next,.；In the first place， in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。 B, 递进关系：too ,also
13、, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,whats more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also等。 C, 解释例证关系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等 D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a resu
14、lt (of), so/ such .that .,so that .等 E, 转折对比关系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等 F, 概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion
15、, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。 逻辑关系的衔接 B. There are three practical note-taking methods. A. You must write your notes on separate paper. C. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. _ .Second, your notes are excellent materials t
16、o refer to when you are studying for a test. C As you take notes,you may want to use your own shorthand. When you understand your symbols and you need to use them all the time._8_ A. Use words ,not completed sentence. B. There are three pratical note-taking methods. C. You must write your notes on s
17、eparate paper. D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. D 转折关系 若考察空为小标题，则根据所在小段落的内 容进行总结归纳。注意标题的简洁性！ _1_ Telling someone that you cant remember his name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel symp
18、athy if you say, Im working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again? A.If you cant remember someones name, you may tell him the truth B. Admit you dont know C.Recite and repeat names D.Let others help you remember their names. B 小标题，简明 若考察空非小标题，则根据试题所在位置确 定
19、不同的解题策略 1)如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据 段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词， 推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 2)如果问题在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找 表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选 项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 1.（2010新课标全国卷） 73_When a person is asking a question , show inter
20、est and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification. A.Show your true interest. B.Restate the question with respect . C.Some ideas can be quite concrete. 2.(2011辽宁卷） Go for a walk. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain . _ 74_ A. This can be especially harmful to the aged. B. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading . C. In other words ,when you take care of your body ,you take care of your brain . A C 经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找信号词， 回到选择项中筛选。 经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体 把握。 经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉 络,留意文章的起承转合, 逻辑及结构 经验分享
