1、 北京四合院 Beijing courtyard (Quadrangles) 1 ORIGINAL u North Chinas courtyard houses are outstanding representatives of traditional residences of Chinas Han people. Beijings courtyard, at the highest level and most typical specimen of its kind, boasts a long history. ucourtyards have at least 2000 year
2、s history. They first turned up in Shanxi in Xi Zhou Dynasty. According to conjecture(推测), at that time courtyards also appeared in Beijing. Some data(资料) say from Yuan Dynasty people began to construct the courtyards and Hu tong wildly. 2 uNowadays, there are only a small number of traditional cour
3、tyard left in Beijing ,which are inhabited by one family in. The courtyard is ancient Beijing peoples lifestyle which had been built according to Fengshui , on the basis of architectural principle of pursuing luxury, and with scrupulous decoration. uQuadrangles in Beijing are one important aspect of
4、 the citys architectural heritage which were constructed 700 years ago. 3 宣武门四合院 4 崇文门四合院 5 structure l main door l back- illuminated rooms l screen-wall l floral-pendant gate l corridor l verandah l wing room l opposite room (ear room) l principal room 6 The front door (main door) In a society that
5、 is strictly classified the building and the gate of the building represent the social class and the official position of the owner. 7 北京宅院内的吉祥物甚多 ，表现在外有影壁、门鼓 、门簪，内有垂花门、游 廊、室内装饰等建筑与物 件上。宅院中的吉祥物包 罗万象，如动物、植物、 器物、符图、神人等 8 Screen wall 影壁 叠砌考究 雕饰精美 吉辞颂语镶嵌其上 烘云托月 画龙点睛 9 Decorative gate 垂花门 Decorative gate
6、 is a type of structure that is highly decorated. Almost every part that sticks out of the gate has some dainty decorations. These carvings represent the owners wishes for a happy life. They also make the high standing gate of the inner room quite beautiful and gorgeous. 10 Inner yard 内宅 nThe main r
7、oom正房 - the northern room of the inner rooms is the main room. The main room is the most important room within a building. nThe ear room 耳房 on each side of the main room there is one or two rooms which is smaller. They are usually used as bedrooms or studies nThe wing room 厢房 there are usually three
8、 rooms on both the eastern and western sides of the inner rooms. nThe corridor 游廊 the main room, the wing room and the decorative gate are connected by the corridor. nThe back room 后罩房 middle size or big Chinese quadrangles often have back rooms . Women who are not married or maids usually live ther
9、e. 11 Garden 花园 People are very particular about green planting of quadrangles. The trees,grass and flowers are lush.The whole garden is designed for the entertainment of the nobles living there. The famous 萃锦园of 恭王府and 鉴园 of 摄政王府are the good examples. More examples: 清漪园（颐和园）、 静明园（玉泉山）、 静宜园（香山）， 圆明园
10、、 畅春园。 12 恭王府 恭王府is the largest quadrangle in best shape in the world. The former owner is He Shen,who is a first class noble. So,his residence is broad and of highest rank. 13 14 15 Spirit & Wisdom The chinese quadrangle and the alley are the representations of the old Beijing.They represent the cu
11、ltural history of china and they themselves are great cultural and historical interests. In the city of Beijing who has thousands of years of history, the Chinese quadrangles are still being used. They are the liveliest building form in Beijing. The idea within the building form is that it makes human live peacefully together with nature. This is very close to the modern concept of architecture. 16 The decoratio
