1、2021 年12 月大学英六考真（第一套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)（于正式开考后半小内完成部分,之后将行听力考）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay related to theshort passage given below. In your essay, you are to comment on thephenomenon described in the passage and suggest measures to addressthe issue.
2、You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Nowadays star chasing is prevalent among many teenagers. They takepop stars as their idols, imitating their way of talking, following theirstyle of dressing, and seeking every chance to meet them in person atgreat expenses.Part IIListeni
3、ng Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you musts choose the best answerfrom the f
4、our choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)It has given rise to much controversy.B) It has been very favorably received.C)It was primarily writ
5、ten for vegetarians.D) It offends many environmentalists.2. A) She neglects peoples efforts in animalprotection.B) She tries to force people to accept her radical ideas.C) She ignores the various benefits of public transport.D) She insists vegetarians are harming the environment.3. A)They are signif
6、icant.B) They are revolutionary.C) They are rational.D) They are modest.14. A)It would help to protect the environment.B)It would generate money for public health.C)It would need support from the general public.D)It would force poor people to change their diet.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conve
7、rsation you have just heard.5. A) Where successful peoples strengths come from.B) Why many people fight so hard for success.C) How she achieved her lifes goal.D) What makes people successful.6. A)Having someone who has confidence in them.B) Having someone who is ready to help them.C)Having a firm be
8、lief in their own ability.D) Having a realistic attitude towards life.7. A)They adjust their goals accordingly.B) They try hard to appear optimistic.C) They stay positive.D) They remain calm.8.A)An understanding leadership.B)A nurturing environment.C) Mutual respect among colleagues.D) Highly cooper
9、ative teammates.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you musts choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) an
10、d D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A)They use their sense of hearing to capture their prey.B) Their food mainly consists of small animals and fish.C) They have big eyes and
11、distinctive visual centers.D) Their ancestor is different from that of micro bats.10. A) With the help of moonlight.B) By means of echo location.2C) With the aid of daylight vision.D) By means of vision and smell.11. A) To make up for their natural absence of vision.B) To adapt themselves to a parti
12、cular lifestyle.C) To facilitate their travel over long distances.D) To survive in the ever-changing weather.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) They acquire knowledge not found in books.B) They learn how to interact with their peers.C) They become more emotionally
13、 aggressive.D) They get much better prepared for school.13. A) They are far from emotionally prepared.B) They tend to be more attracted by images.C) They cant follow the conflicts in the show.D) They lack the cognitive and memory skills.14. A) Choose appropriate programs for their children.B) Help t
14、heir children understand the programs plot.C) Outline the programs plot for their children first.D) Monitor their childrens watching of TV programs.15. A) Explain its message to their children.B) Check if their children have enjoyed it.C) Encourage their children to retell the story.D) Ask their chi
15、ldren to describe its characters.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followedby three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear aquestion, you musts choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)an
16、d D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They are afraid of injuring their feet.B) They have never developed the habit.C) They believe a little dirt harms no one.D) They fi
17、nd it rather troublesome to do so.317. A) Different types of bacteria existed on public-toilet floors.B) There were more bacteria on sidewalks than in the home.C) Office carpets collected more bacteria than elsewhere.D)A large number of bacteria collected on a single shoe.18. A) The chemicals on sho
18、es can deteriorate air quality.B) Shoes can upset family members with their noise.C) The marks left by shoes are hard to erase.D) Shoes can leave scratches on the floor.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) It is sinful and immoral.B) It is deemed uncivilized.C) It
19、 is an uncontrollable behavior.D) It is a violation of faith and trust.20.A)Assess their consequences.B) Guard against their harm.C) Accept them as normal.D) Find out their causes.21. A) Try to understand what messages they convey.B) Pay attention to their possible consequences.C) Consider them from
20、 different perspectives.D) Make sure they are brought under control.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Cultivation of new varieties of crops.B) Measures to cope with climate change.C) Development of more effective pesticides.D) Application of more nitrogen-rich
21、fertilizers.23: A) The expansion of farmland in developing countries.B) The research on crop rotation in developing countries.C) The cooperation of the worlds agricultural scientists.D) The improvement of agricultural infrastructure.24. A) For encouraging farmers to embrace new farming techniques.B)
22、For aligning their research with advances in farming technology.C) For turning their focus to the needs of farmers in poorer countries.D) For cooperating closely with policymakers in developing countries.425. A) Rapid transition to become a food exporter.B)Substantial funding in agricultural researc
23、hC)Quick rise to become a leading grain producer.D)Assumption of humanitarian responsibilities.Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word
24、bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not useany of the words in the bank more than
25、 once.According to psychologist Sharon Draper, our clothing choices can absolutelyaffect our wellbeing. When we. wear ill-fitting clothes, or feel over- or under-dressedfor an event, its natural to feel self-conscious or even stressed. Conversely, she says,opting for clothes that fit well and _ 26 w
26、ith your sense of style can improveyour confidence.But can you improve your health through your 27 clothing, without havingto dash out and buy a whole new 28 ? “Absolutely,” says Draper. If your goal isto improve your thinking, she recommends picking clothes that fit well and areunlikely to encourag
27、e restlessness, so, avoid bows, ties and unnecessary 29 . Italso helps to opt for clothes you 30as tying in with your goals, so, if you wantto perform better at work, select pieces you view as professional. Draper says this fitsin with the concept of behavioral activation, whereby 31 in a behavior (
28、in this case,selecting clothes) can set you on the path to then achieving your goals (workingharder).Another way to improve your32of mind is to mix things up. Draper sayswe often feel stuck in a rut (常) if we wear the same clothes - even if theyre ourfavorites - thus oping for an item you dont wear
29、often, or adding something differentto an outfit, such as a hat, can 33 shit your mood. On days when youre really34 to brave the world, Draper suggests selecting sentimental items of clothing,such as ones you wore on a special day, or given to you by a loved one, as clotheswith 35 associations can h
30、elp you tap into constructive emotions.A)accessoriesB) alignC) concurrentlyD)currentE) engagingF) fondG) frameH) locationsI) perceive5J) positivelyK) profileL) prosperingM) reluctantN) showcaseO) wardrobeSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattache
31、d to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why fa
32、cts dont change our mindsAThe economist J.K. Galbraith once wrote, “Faced with a choice between changingones mind and proving there is no need to do so, almost everyone gets busy with theproof.”BLeo Tolstoy was even bolder. “The most difficult subjects can be explained to themost slow-witted man if
33、he has not formed any idea of them already; but the simplestthing cannot be made clear to the most intelligent man if he is firmly persuaded thathe knows already, without a shadow of doubt, what is laid before him.”C Whats going on here? Why dont facts change our minds? And why wouldsomeone continue
34、 to believe a false or inaccurate idea anyway? How do suchbehaviors serve us? Humans need a reasonably accurate view of the world in order tosurvive. If your model of reality is wildly different from the actual world, then youstruggle to take effective actions each day. However, truth and accuracy a
35、re not theonly things that matter to the human mind. Humans also seem to have a deep desire tobelong.D In Atomic Habits, I wrote, “Humans are herd animals. We want to fit in, to bondwith others, and to earn the respect and approval of our peers. Such inclinations areessential to our survival. For mo
36、st of our evolutionary history, our ancestors lived intribes. Becoming separated from the tribe or worse, being cast out was a deathsentence.”EUnderstanding the truth of a situation is important, but so is remaining part of atribe. While these two desires often work well together, they occasionally
37、come intoconflict.In many circumstances, social connection is actually more helpful to yourdaily life than understanding the truth of a particular fact or idea. The Harvardpsychologist Steven Pinker put it this way, “ People are embraced or condemnedaccording to their beliefs, so one function of the
38、 mind may be to hold beliefs thatbring the belief-holder the greatest number of allies, protectors, or disciples ( 信徒),rather than beliefs that are most likely to be true.”FWe dont always believe things because they are correct. Sometimes we believethings because they make us look good to the people
39、 we care about. I thought Kevin6Simler put it well when he wrote, “If a brain anticipates that it will be rewarded foradopting a particular belief, its perfectly happy to do so, and doesnt much carewhere the reward comes fromwhether its pragmatic(用主的)(better outcomesresulting from better decisions),
40、 social (better treatment from ones peers), or somemix of the two.”GFalse beliefs can be useful in a social sense even if they are not useful in a factualsense. For lack of a better phrase, we might call this approach “factually false, butsocially accurate.” When we have to choose between the two, p
41、eople often selectfriends and family over facts. This insight not only explains why we might hold ourtongue at a dinner party or look the other way when our parents say somethingoffensive, but also reveals a better way to change the minds of others.HConvincing someone to change their mind is really
42、the process of convincing themto change their tribe. If they abandon their beliefs, they run the risk of losing socialties. You cant expect someone to change their mind if you take away theircommunity too. You have to give them somewhere to go. Nobody wants theirworldview torn apart if loneliness is
43、 the outcome.IThe way to change peoples minds is to become friends with them, to integratethem into your tribe, to bring them into your circle. Now, they can change their beliefswithout the risk of being abandoned socially.JPerhaps it is not difference, but distance, that breeds tribalism and hostil
44、ity. Asproximity increases, so does understanding. I am reminded of Abraham Lincolnsquote,“I dont like that man. I must get to know him better.”KFacts dont change our minds. Friendship does. Years ago, Ben Casnochamentioned an idea to me that I havent been able to shake: The people who are mostlikel
45、y to change our minds are the ones we agree with on 98 percent of topics. Ifsomeone you know, like, and trust believes a radical idea, you are more likely to giveit merit, weight, or consideration. You already agree with them in most areas of life.Maybe you should change your mind on this one too. B
46、ut if someone wildly differentthan you proposes the same radical idea, well, its easy to dismiss them as nuts.LOne way to visualize this distinction is by mapping belies on a spectrum. If youdivide this spectrum into 10 units and you find yourself at Position 7, then there islittle sense in trying t
47、o convince someone at Position 1. The gap is too wide. Whenyoure at Position 7, your time is better spent connecting with people who are atPositions 6 and 8, gradually pulling them in your direction.M The most heated arguments often occur between people on opposite ends of thespectrum, but the most
48、frequent learning occurs from people who are nearby. Thecloser you are to someone, the more likely it becomes that the one or two beliefs youdont share will bleed over into your own mind and shape your thinking. The furtheraway an idea is from your current position, the more likely you are to reject
49、 it outright.When it comes to changing peoples minds, it is very difficult to jump from one sideto another. You cant jump down the spectrum. You have to slide down it.NAny idea that is sufficiently different from your current worldview will feelthreatening. And the best place to ponder a threatening
50、 idea is in a non-threateningenvironment. As a result, books are often a better vehicle, for transforming beliefs7than conversations or debates. In conversation, people have to carefully consider theirstatus and appearance. They want to save face and avoid looking stupid. Whenconfronted with an unco
