1、 Part IWritng(30 miutes)o: For this rt, u are ld 30 minute te an essay tit D gams d c ? . w i f fe . Yu shuld wit a 120 but than 1 A f fs vit m mk kid svy p u Pt Lteg preheio(25 miut)&: 2021 6 T *,U!l, *-P IReading Comphensi(40 nu)Section Ati: In thi n , tre is a with ten You a qure t et r hblan m a
2、 lit o hi n a r n lln te e R the ssa thu carefullyre n ur e &eh hce in he n i ieni y a letter. P the iletter fr h em n A S 2 with a e lne tu t enre. Yu may no u ay f t n te re than e .ady y ayi w h be k rvi f mnyfm fv- l.Iv aked my th EF mil bfo I an y. Ev m ativ, uc ali Tt k a fm Po, folow by ex m
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4、 aB) aC F)fG)inHmK L) wgM)vyE) J ounly- Nvyg_0)wy20216 47 Section BDitions: In this section, you are going to read a ssage with ten statements attached to it. &ehstatement contains information given in one of the ragraphs ntify the raaph om which theinfoation is derived. You may choose a ragraph mor
5、e than once. &eh ragraph is marked with aletter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Scice of setbacks: How il c improve cr prospectsA) Hw d early career eback fec ur lg-erm ucce? Falure ca help u lear ad vercme urfear. Bu daer ca ll wud u. They ca crew u up ad
6、 e u back. Wuld be ce fhere wa geue, cefcally dcumeed ruh he expre wha de kll yu make yurger?B) e way cal ce have prbed he effec f career eback lk a ce f verymlar qualfca. Thee ce, fr rea ha are mly arbrary, eher ju mied gega reearch gra r ju barely made . I cal cece, hi kw a examg ear me adrw w are
7、a where mer ubjecve. Tha allw reearcher meaure ly he effectf beg che r . Sudie h area have foud cflcg reul. I he cmpeve game fbmcal cece, reech ha bee de ce wh arrwly l r w gra mey. Iugge ha arrw wer becme eve bgger wer dw he le. I her wrd, he rch gercher.C) A 2018 udy publhed he Proceedings of the
8、National Academy of iences fr example, fllwedreearcher he Neherlad. Reearcher ccluded ha he wh ju barely qualfed fr a grawere able ge wce a much mey wh he ex egh year a he wh ju mied u. Ad hearrw wer were 50 perce mre lkely be gve a prferhp.D) Oher he US have fd mlar effec wh Naal Iue f Healh early-
9、career fellwhplauchg arrw wer f ahead f cle ler. e pheme fe referred a heMathew effec fop1red6-y e Bble-wsdom diaf those wh have, mre wbe-give: Theres-a -gd explaa fr he pheme he bk The Foula: The Univel Laws of Success byAlber Lazl Baraba. Accrdig Baraba, eaer ad le rky fr he p f pwer che had award
10、 fudg he whve already bee reczed.E) bad ew fr he ler. Small early career eback eem have a dprprae effecdw he le. Wha dd k hem made hem weaker. Bu her ude ug he ame echquehave hw here meime pealy a ear m. Sude wh ju mi geg i p highchl r uvere d ju a well laer i lfe a he wh ju maage ge acceped. I hi c
11、ae,wha ddn kll em mply d maer. S here ay evdece ha eback mgh acuallymprve ur career prpec? There w.F) I a udy publhe Nature Communications, Nrhwee Uvery clg Dahu Wagracked mre ha 1, 100 ce wh were he brder bewee geg a gra ad mg ubewee 1990 ad 2005. He fllwed varu meaure f perfrmace ver he ex decade.
12、 eecluded hw may paper hey auhred ad hw iflueal he paper were, a meaured by heumber f ubeque ca. eeced, here wa a much her rae f attrition () amg 2021 6 48 scientists who didnt get grants. But among those who stayed on, the close losers performed even betterthan the narow winnes. To make sure this w
13、asnt by chance, Wang conducted additional tests usingdiffeent performance measues. He examined how many times people were first authos on influentialstudies, and the like.G) One staitforward reason close loses mit outperform narow winners is that the two groups havecompaable ability. In Wangs study,
14、 he selected the most detemined, passionate scientists from theloser group and culled (J1J ) what he deemed the weakest members of the winner group. Yet thepersevering losers still came out on top. He thinks that being a close loser might give people apsychological boost, o the povebial kick in the
15、pants.H) Utecht Univesity sociologist Arnout van de Rijt was the lead author on the 2018 pape showing therich get richer. He said the new finding is apparently easonable and worth some attention. His ownwork showed that although the narrow winners did get much more money in the nea future, the actua
16、lperfomance of the close loses was just as good.I) He said the people who should be paying regard to the Wang pape ae the funding agents whodistribute government grant money. Afte all, by continuing to pile riches on the narow winners, thetaaes are not getting the maximum bang for their ck if the cl
17、ose losers are erforming just aswell or even better. Theres a huge amount of time and effort that goes into the process of selectingwho gets grants, he said, and the latest research shows that the scientific establishment is not verygood at distributing money. Maybe we should spend less money trying
18、 to figure out who is better thanwho, he said, suggesting that some more equal dividing up of money might be moe productive andmoe efficient. Van de Rijt said hes not convinced that losing out gives people a sycholocal boost;It may yet be a selection effect. Even thou Wang tried to account for this
19、by culling the weakestwinners, its impossible to know which of the winners would have quit had they found themselves onthe losing side.J) For his pat, Wang said that in his own experience, losing did light a motivating fire. He recalled arecent pape he submitted to a joal, which accepted it only to
20、request extensive editing, and theneversed couse and ejected it. He submitted the unedited version to a more espected jounal and gotaccepted.K) In sports and many aeas of life, we think of failures as evidence of something we could have donebetter. We egad these disapintments as a fate we could have
21、 avoided with more carefulpeparation, different taining, a better strategy, o more focus. And there it makes sense thatfailues show us the road to success. ese apes deal with a kind of failure people have little controlover-rejection. Others determine who wins and who loses. But at the very least, t
22、he research isstarting to show that early setbacks dont have to be fatal. ey might even make us better at o jobsGetting paid like a winne, thou? Thats a different matte.36. Being a close loser could geatly motivate one to pesevere in thei esearch.37. Grt awardes tend to favo eseachers alredy recoize
23、d their repective fid_s._38. Suffering early setbacks might help people improve thei job performance.39. Reseach by social scientists on the effects of caeer setbacks has produced contradictory fdings. 20216 49 40. It is not to the best interes of taxpayers to keep giving money to narrow winners.41.
24、 Scieniss who persised in research withou receiving a grant made greaer achievements han thosewho got one wih luck, as suggested in one study.42. A research paper rejected by one journal may ge acceped by anoher.43. According to one recent study, narrow winners of research grants had better chances
25、to be promoedo professors.44. e researcher suggess it might be more fruitful to distribute grants on a relaively equal basis.45. Minor sebacks their early career may have a srong negaive effec on the career of close losers.tion CDitions: There are 2 sges in this section . ch ge is follod by some que
26、stions or unishedstatements. r each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the codig letter on wer t 2 with a single line through the centre.Pge eestions to 50 based on e follg passage.Boredom has become trendy. Sdies po to how boredom i
27、s good for creativity and innovation, aswell as mental health. I is found hat people e more creative following he completion of a tedious task.When people are bored, they have an increase in associative thought-the process of making newconnecions between ideas, which is lked to innovative thinking.
28、These sdies are impressive, t inrealiy, the benefits of boredom may be related to having time to clear your mind, be quiet, or daydream.In our simulation-rich world, i seems unrealisic that boredom could cur at all. Yet, there arevalid reans boredom may feel so painful. As it rns out, boredom mit si
29、gnal the fact that you have aneed tha isnt being me.r always-on world of social media may result in more connections, bu hey are superficial and cant in h _ay_f buildin a real se !_b_elonging. Feeling bored may sial the desire for a greater sense_of community and the feeling ha you fit in wi others
30、around you. So take he step of joining anorganizaion to build face-o-face relationships. Youll find deph that you won get from your screen nomatter how many likes you ge on your post.Similar o he need for belonng, bored people often report tha hey feel a lite sense ofmeaning. Its a fundamenal han ne
31、ed to have a larger purpose and to feel like were part of somethgbigger han ourselves. When people are bored, eyre more likely to feel less meaning in their lives. Ifyou want to reduce boredom and increase your sense of meaning, seek work where you can make a uniquecontribuion, or find a cause you c
32、an support wih your time and talent.If your definiion of boredom is being quie, minul, and reflecive, keep it up. Bu if youresruggling wih real boredom and e emptiness it provokes, consider whether you might seek newcoections and more significan challenges. These are he hings that will genuinely rel
33、ieve boredom andmake you more effecive in the process.46. What have studies found abou boredom?A) I faciliates iovative thinkg.B) It is a rest of doing boring tasks. 2021 6 50 C) It helps people connec with others.D) I does harm o ones mental health.47 Wha does the auhor say boredom mit indicae?A) A
34、 need o be lef alone.B) A desire o be fulfilledC) A conflic to be resolvedD) A feeling to be validated48 What do we learn abou cial media from the passage?A) It may be an obsacle to eanding ones connections.B) It may ge in he way of enhancing ones social satusC) It may preven people from developing
35、a genuine sense of communityD) I may make people feel hat they ough o fit in with he ouside world.49. Wha does the auhor sugges people do o ge rid of boredom?A) Count the likes hey ge on their possB) Reflect on how hey relate to ohersC) Engage in real-life interacionsD) Participae in online discussi
36、ons50 Wha should people do to enhance heir sense of meaning?A) Try o do something orinalB) Confront siifican challenges.C) Define boredom in heir unique wayD) Devoe hemselves o a worhy cause.Passage otio 51 to 55 a ba on the following paage.Can you remember wha you ae yeserday? If asked, mos people
37、will be able to ve a vaguedescription of heir main meals: breaast, lunch, dinner Bu can you be sure youve noed every snackbar in your car, or every handful of nus at your desk? Most people will have a feeling ha heyve missedsomething out.We originally had this suspicion back in 2016, puzzled by he f
38、ac ha naional statisics showecalorie consumption falling dramatically over pas decades. We found reliable evidence that people weredrasically under-reporing wha hey ae.Now the Office for National Saisics has confirmed ha we are consuming 50% more calories hanour naional satisics claimWhy is his happ
39、ening? We can int o at least hree potenial causes. One is he rise in obesity levelsiself Under-reporting raes are much higher for obese people, because they simply consume more and hus have more to rememberAnoher cause is that the proporion of people who are rying to lose weight has been increasing overtime People who want to lose weigh are more likely o under-repor heir eating-regardless of wheherhey are overweight or no This may be driven parly by self-decepion or wishful thinking.The final poteni
