1、2019 年年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题月大学英语六级考试真题Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on theimportance of team spirit and communication in the workplace. You cancite examples to illustrate your views.You should write at least 150 words butno more than 200 w
2、ords.Part Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)说明：由于 2019 年 6 月六级考试全国共考了 2 套听力，本套真题听力与前 2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。Part Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)SectionADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choice
3、s given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in
4、the bank more thanonce.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel26become brittle (脆的) at temperatures below about -25 unless they are mixed withother metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been de
5、veloped that resists27atmuch lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness - without the needfor expensive28.Steels fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the SecondWorld War. After German U-boats torpedoed (用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a2700-strong flee
6、t of cheap-and-cheerful “Liberty ships” was introduced to replace the lostvessels, providing a lifeline for the29British. But the steel shells of hundreds of theships30in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold condit
7、ions, suchas oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have31to find a solution by mixing it withexpensive metalssuch as nickel.Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical32Rather thanadding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeatedheating and very sever
8、e mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness thatis33to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, veryexpensive.Kimuras team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength
9、 parts,such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of34needed in a construction joband their weight by replacing solid supports with35tubes,forexample.Thiscould reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles tobuildings and bridges.A) abruptlyB) additivesC) approachD) a
10、rdentlyE) besiegedF) channelG) comparableH) componentsI) crackedJ) fracturesK) hollowL) relevantM) reshuffledN) strivedO) violentSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attachedto it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs
11、.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraphis marked with aletter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswerSheet 2.The future of personal satellite technology is hereare we ready for it?A) Satellites
12、 used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthycorporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are comingwithin reach of ordinary people. Just like drones ( 无 人 机 ) before them, miniaturesatellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions
13、 of who gets to dowhat up above our heads.B) As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, thesesatellites hold tremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessiblethan ever before. However, as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply,th
14、e risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here is no longer “Can we?” but “Shouldwe?” What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated byequipment built by people not traditionally labeled as “professionals”? And what wouldthe responsible and beneficial development
15、 and use of this technology actually look like?Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building andlaunching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.C) Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an ideastraight out of science fiction. But over
16、 the past few decades a unique class of satelliteshas been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The “Cube” here simply refers to thesatellites shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a singleCubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellitesc
17、an fit in a launch vehicles formerly “wasted space.” Multiples can be deployed incombination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors andcommunications receivers/transmitters that enable ope
18、rators to study Earth from space, aswell as space around Earth. Theyre primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - aneasily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, wherehuman-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International SpaceStation (ISS) hang
19、 out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most ofits future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.E) Because theyre so small and light, it costs much less to get a CubeSat intoEarths orbit than a traditional communications or GPS satellite. F
20、or instance, a researchgroup here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental smallCubeSats could cost as little as $3,000 to put in orbit. This decrease in cost a11owsresearchers, hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments intoLEO or even having them
21、deployed from the ISS.F) The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a way of enabling Stanfordgraduate students to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilitiesto the USSRs Sputnik ( 前 苏 联 的 人 造 卫 星 ). Since then, NASA, the NationalReconnaissance Office and even Bo
22、eing have all launched and operated CubeSats. Therearc more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of NanoSatellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions,is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not ju
23、st forrocket scientists anymore.G) The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats importance inscientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it alsoacknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isnt risk-flee. The greatestconcern the autho
24、rs raise is space debris - pieces of “junk” that orbit the earth, with thepotential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.H) Currently, there arent many CubeSats and theyre tracked closely. Yet as LEOopens up to more amateur satellites, they may pose an in
25、creasing threat. As the reportauthors point out, even near-misses might lead to the “creation of a burdensomeregulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats.”I) CubeSat researchers suggest that nows the time to ponder unexpected andunintended possible consequences of more
26、people than ever having access to their ownsmall slice of space. In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, howcan we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with good intentions by peoplewho knew what they were doing? Some “expert amateurs” in the satellite game could
27、provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.J) In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in orderto foster ham radio enthusiasts (业余无线电爱好者) participation in space research andcommunication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR- a U.S.-based
28、group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years afterSputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting “amateur” satellites inorbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learneda thing or two about responsibility.
29、Here, open. source development has been a centralprinciple, Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everythingmaking technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in theorganization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the
30、teamresponsible for FOX 1-A, AMSATs first CubeSat, this means that there s no way to sneaksomething like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyonehas access to the designs and implementation.K) However, theyre more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, ast
31、he organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control oftheir satellites. This form of “self-governance” is possible within long-standing amateurorganizations that, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to communitymembers, as well as society in gen
32、eral. But what happens when new players emerge, whodont have deep roots within the existing culture?L) Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of along-standing amateur establishment. Theyre still constrained by funders, launchproviders and a series of regulation
33、s - all of which rein in what CubeSat developers canand cannot do. But theres a danger theyre ill-equipped to think through potentialunintended consequences. What these unintended consequences might be is admittedlyfar from clear. Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with takingtechnolo
34、gies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as thecellphone - we have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of thespectrum, and improvised (临时制作的) explosive devices at the other.M) This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomesim
35、portant - not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with amuch larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of thetechnology. This is not an easy task. Yet the evidence from AMSAT and other areas oftechnology development suggests that responsibl
36、e amateur communities can and doemerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what anamateur communities considers to be responsible, actually is. Heres where there needs tobe a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies andscientific c
37、ommunities to include students, hobbyists, and anyone who may potentiallystand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.36. Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to preventmisuse of satellites.37.Agroup of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more c
38、omplex tasks.38.Thegreateraccessibilityofmini-satellitesincreasestherisksoftheirirresponsible use.39. Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the loweredlaunching cost.40. AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijackingof their satellites.41. N
39、ASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and researchpurposes.42. Even with constraints, it is possible for some creative developers to take theCubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes.43. While making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats m
40、ay posehazards to other space vehicles.44. Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.45. AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to itsmembers, preventing the abuse of amateur satellites.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages
41、in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 t
42、o 50 are based on the following passage.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitaryself-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunityto have work friends once again. It wasnt until I entered the corporate world that Ireali
43、zed, for me at least, being friends with colleagues didnt emerge as a priority at all.This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers andmanagers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. Somuch research has explored the way in
44、which collegial (同事的) ties can help overcome arange of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such asteam-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger, and more.Perhapsmyexpectationsoflunches,water-coolergossipandcaring,deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy
45、of the last time I was in that kind ofoffice environment. Whereas now, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize workcan be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with thepeople sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-res
46、pected Journal ofManagement, researchers have looked at the concept of “indifferent relationships”. Its asimple term that encapsulates (概括) the fact that relationships at work can reasonably benon-intimate, inconsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable orsubstitutable.Indifferent
47、relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited researchconducted thus far indicates theyre especially dominant among those who valueindependence over cooperation, and harmony over confrontation. Indifference is also thepreferred option among those who are socially lazy. Maintaining rel
48、ationships over thelong term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort.As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpfulapproach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work. But there are nonethelessseveral empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficienc
49、y. Less time chatting andsocializing means more time working and churning (产出).The other is self-esteem. As human beings, were primed to compare ourselves toeach other in what is an anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, we look down onacquaintances more so than friends. Since the former is most c
50、ommon among thoseinclined towards indifferent relationships, their predominance can bolster individualssense of self-worth.Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferentrelationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation, to strengthen ones focus ontask resoluti
