1、The Present Perfect Passive VoiceUnit 3 GrammarObjectiveTolearnandusethepresentperfectpassivevoice.语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。Lookatthefollowingsentences,payingattentiontotheunderlinedpart.OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.FirstasaPC(personalcomputer)an
2、dthenasalaptop,Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellashelpwithmedicaloperations.Ihaveevenbeenputi
3、ntospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。现在完成时的被动语态UnderstandingthestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceThestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/has+been+ed1.主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“已经被”。
4、Thenewschoolhasbeensetup.新学校已经建成了。2.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have/has+been+doneTheexperimenthasbeendonesuccessfully.这个实验做得很成功。现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have/has+not+been+doneTomsnovelhasnotbeenpublished.汤姆的小说还没有被出版。现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面。Hashisbikebeenrepaired?他的自行车修好了吗？现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+have/has+been+doneW
5、hohasbeeninvited?谁受到了邀请？现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：1.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2.主语是行为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态由have/hasbeen+v-ed构成，其中v-ed为过去分词，表示被动。Ihavebeentoldaboutitmanytimes.Thebridgehasjustbeenbuilt.在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：1.过去分词前有两个助动词：have/has和been。2.必须表示被动。注意:1.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/h
6、as和been中间。如:误Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.正Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态(1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：误GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.正GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.(2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副
7、词。如：Thepatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.(1)把主 的 被 的主。(2)把 成被 构(be+去分)(根据被 句子里的主的人称和数，以及原来主 句子中的 来决定be的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallthepeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.(4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动
8、。主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.(5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.(1)误Manynewbuildingsbeenbuiltsince1980.正Manynewbuildingshavebeenbuiltsince1980.分析:谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。试分析：(2)误Somethingbadhasb
9、eenhappenedtohim.正Somethingbadhashappenedtohim.分析:被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。(3)误IhaveintroducedtoMr.Smith.正IhavebeenintroducedtoMr.Smith(byMr.Wang).分析:introduce为及物动词，I是introduce的承受者。(4)误Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.正Thedoorhasopenedofitself.分析:有些动词如open，break，drop等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发
10、出者，我们通常用主动语态。ofitself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。Review现在完成时的被动语态肯定结构：have/has+been+done否定结构：have/has+not+been+doneIndividual activity注: 另附 word 文档。点击此处链接1.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday_yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecidedQuiz I: Multiple choice. 2.Everypo
11、ssiblemeans_topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused3.Allthepreparationsforthetask_andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted4._thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.Im
12、toldD.Itold5.Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit_.(2007北京)A.hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruined6.Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs_asbusinesstomakeaprofit.(2008上海)A.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun7.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_manytimesontheradio.(2008安徽)A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaug
13、htD.havebeentaught 8.-WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?-Becauselargequantitiesofwater_.(2009福建)A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted9.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_beforeleavingtheirhometowns.(2010福建)A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD
14、.havebeenpromised10.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_allovertheword.(2011天津)A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproducedQuiz II: Turn the following into the passive voice.1.Wehaveplantedsometreesaroundthelake.2.Myfatherhaslockedthedoor.3.Someonehasturnedoffthelight.Sometreeshave
15、beenplantedaroundthelake.Thelighthasbeenturnedoff.Thedoorhasbeenlocked.4.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.5.Theyhaverebuiltthebridge.6.Hehasrepairedthemachinefortwohours.Thebridgehasbeenrebuilt.Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.Myhomeworkhasbeenfinished.Quiz III: Put the Chinese into English to complete t
16、he sentences.1.Youcanseethehouse_(未油漆)foryears.2.Howmanyworkers_(已派遣)tobuildtherailway?3.WhydoesMarylooksounhappy?She_(被嘲笑)byherclassmates.hasnotbeenpaintedhavebeensenthasbeenlaughedat4.Itissaidthatthehouse_(闯进了)bytwothieves.5._hisviews_(受到批判)bythem?6.Thetwopens_(未被拿走)byhim.7.Thisnewtypeofcomputer_(设计)forteachersandstudents.Havebeencriticizedhavenotbeentakenawayhasbeendesignedbrokenintohasbeen
