1、Module 6 Grammar 辅导（外研版必修1）必修1 Module 6 语法辅导（一）合成名词与合成形容词1合成词在英语中比较活跃。合成名词的数量很大，可以用在句中作主语、宾语等。如：Sightseeing took up the whole morning.(作主语)Finally they reached a cross-roads.(作宾语)Smoking is not allowed during take-off.(作介词宾语)合成名词常见的构词方法如下：名词+名词：earthworm, earthquake形容词+名词：shorthand, double-dealer动名词
2、+名词：sleeping pills, waiting-room动词+名词：break-water, pick-pocket名词+动名词：sun-bathing, hand-writing动词+副词：get-together, break-through副词+名词：downfall, outbreak另外，还有一些其他方式构成的合成名词：go-between, good-for-nothing, touch-me-not,by-product2合成形容词很多，多数作定语，有些也可作表语：Oh, this is the quick-service counter.(作定语)They helped
3、 us to map out a long-term plan.(作定语)Open-air exercises will do you good.(作定语)Are you airsick?(作表语)He is lively and outgoing.(作表语)合成形容词常见的构词方法如下：形容词+名词+-ed：good-tempered, noble-minded形容词+现在分词：good-looking, easy-going副词+现在分词：hard-working, far-reaching名词+现在分词：peace-loving, epoch-making名词+过去分词：state-ow
4、ned, heart-felt副词+过去分词：well-known, widespread形容词+过去分词：kind-hearted, ready-made名词+形容词：duty-free, self-satisfied（二）定冠词的用法以及不用冠词的情况1定冠词的用法（1）定冠词用在名词前，表示特指，即某个特定的人、事物等。特别是当某名词后面有定语限定这一名词时，名词前面一般都要用定冠词the e.g.We have found the book that we lost yesterday.我们已经找到了昨天丢的那本书。Do you know the man standing by the
5、 window?你认识那个站在窗户旁边的人吗？How do you like the rooms here?你觉得这里的房间怎么样？（2）用于乐器名称前e.g. the violin 小提琴the piano 钢琴（3）用于世界上独一无二的事物前e.g.the sun 太阳the earth 地球the world 世界the nature 自然界the sky 天空the universe 宇宙（4）用在形容词前，表示一类人或事物e.g.the poor 穷人the blind 盲人the aged 老人the impossible 不可能的事情（5）用于构成形容词或副词的比较级和最高级形式
6、（副词最高级前可不用the）e.g.He runs (the) fastest.他跑得最快。Is this the best choice he can make?这是他能做出的最好的选择吗？（6）某些地理名词，如江河海洋、海峡海湾、山脉群岛、沙漠等之前要用定冠词。e.g.the Yangtze 长江the Thames 泰晤士河the South Sea 南海the Pacific 太平洋the English Channel 英吉利海峡the Persian Gulf 波斯湾the Himalayas 喜玛拉雅山脉the Philippines 菲律宾群岛（7）由普通名词和其它一些词构成的
7、专有名词，如国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸、会议、条约等的名称前，要用定冠词。e.g.the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国the United Nations 联合国the National Peoples Congress全国人民代表大会the Great Hall of the People人民大会堂the Peoples Daily人民日报the New York Times纽约时报the International Women Conference国际妇女大会（8）定冠词用在复数专有名词前，表示一家人，或某对夫妇、整个民族等。e.g.The Smith
8、s moved to California.史密斯夫妇（或一家）搬到了加利福尼亚洲。The Americans are a nation on wheels.美国人是一个车轮上的民族。2不用冠词的几种情况（1）专有名词前不用冠词（国名、地名或人名等）。如：China （中国），Asia（亚洲），Beihai Park（北海公园），Changan Street （长安街），Nanjing Road（南京路）等。（2）表示一般概念的物质名词、抽象名词前不用冠词。e.g.Air is matter.空气是物质。Science means honest, solid knowledge.科学是老老实实
9、的学问。特别提示：若物质名词或抽象名词被限定时，即形成特指时其前必须用定冠词。e.g.The air in our room is fresh. 我们室内的空气新鲜。有时，物质名词、抽象名词前可加冠词a，an或the，表示“一种、一次或这（那）种”。e.g.Biology is a science. 生物学是一门科学。Biology is the science of life. 生物学是有关生命的科学。What a wonderful tea! 多么好的一种茶啊！（3）表示泛指的复数名词前不用冠词。e.g. Peasants go in for farming. The peasant go
10、es in for farming. 农民种田。（4）表示季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐等名称的名词前不用冠词。e.g.He usually has breakfast at six on Sunday.他星期日通常6点钟吃早饭。Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。（5）受物主代词、指示代词、不定代词及名词所有格限定的可数名词前不用冠词。e.g.Any schoolboy would know that.即使小学生也懂那些事。Their article has been published.他们的文章发表了。（6）表示学科
11、、球类运动、棋类运动的名词前不用冠词。e.g. Im very fond of mathematics.我非常喜爱数学。Does he like playing football or chess?他喜欢足球还是象棋？（7）表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词。e.g.He knows Chinese , English and French well.精通汉语、英语和法语。（8）表示称呼或职务、头衔的名词前不加冠词。e.g.Hello, Dad and Mum! 爸爸、妈妈，你们好！Professor Jiang is free today.姜教授今天有空。Lincoln was elected P
12、resident of the USA again.林肯再次当选为美国总统。（9）表示交通方式或交通工具名称的名词与by连用时，其前不用冠词。例如：by air（乘飞机），by rail（乘火车），by water（经由水路），by sea（经由海路），by land（经由陆路），by ship / boat（乘船）, by bus / car / taxi（乘公共汽车、乘轿车、乘出租车），by plane（乘飞机），by spaceship（乘宇宙飞船）, by bike / bicycle（乘自行车）。（10）在某些约定俗成的固定词组中。如：hand in hand（手拉手地），husba
13、nd and wife（夫妇），young and old（老老少少，不分老少），in class（课堂上，上课时），for example（例如），go to bed（就寝），go on foot（步行去）等。注意例外现象：the Chinese language（汉语），the English language（英语），the French language （法语）。Module four A social surver-my neighbourhood -Period three课时训练（外研版 必修1）I. 同义句转换，每空一词。1. The building he lives in
14、 is seven storeys high. The building he lives in is a _ one. He lives in a building of _ _. 2. He has made the same mistake three times. This is _ _ _ that he has made the mistake. 3. He joined the army two years ago. It _ _ _ _ since he joined the army. 4. They havent found a new way to solve the p
15、roblem so far. They havent found a new way to solve the problem _ _ _. They havent found a new way to solve the problem _ _. 5. Because of his carelessness, the experiment failed. _ _ _ _ his carelessness, the experiment failed. 6. You have passed the driving test. Congratulations!Let us _ you _ hav
16、ing passed the driving test. 7. Is the dinner ready, Mom? Im very hungry. Is the dinner ready, Mom? Im _. 8. I keep in touch with my good friends by mobile phone. I keep in _ with my good friends by mobile phone. I _ with my good friends by mobile phone. II. 根据括号所给的汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. He _（已经有电脑） for two
17、 years. 2. _（到现在为止）, I have finished one third of the task. 3. I _ （和他失去联系） for a long time; what do you think has happened to him? 4. We have several models of the latest design _ （供选择）, so you can take whichever you like. 5. I needed to _ （摆脱工作压力） for a while. III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. In the past
18、three years, he _ (visit) the country twice. 2. Hello, I didnt know you were in London. How long _ you _ (be) here? 3. Where and when to go for the holiday _ (not decide) yet. 4. What _ (happen)? I _ (lose) my key and cant open the door.5. I would love _ (go) to the party last night but I had to wor
19、k extra hours to finish a report. 6. All the preparations for the task _ (complete), and were ready to start. 7. More than three-fifths of the tickets _ (sell) so far. 8. I _ (tell) that the meeting _ (put off) because the president couldnt come that day. 9. I _ (work) in Italy for 5 years. I _ (beg
20、in) work as soon as I arrived.10. When Jack was at school, he _ (learn) to play the saxophone. He _ (play) it ever since.11. Maria lives in Boston. Before she _ (move) here, she had lived in Seattle for 3 years.12. Just a moment! I _ (not think) of a good idea yet!13. She _ (write) the email but doe
21、snt know how to send it.14. Hurry up! The concert _ (begin) and we are late.15. _ the newspaper _ (arrive)?Yes, Ken is reading it at the moment.16. _ you _ (smoke) a lot before becoming a non-smoker?17. Im tired. I _ (not get) much sleep last night.18. Where _ you _ (find) that book?I _ (find) it in
22、 the library.参考答案：I. 1. seven-storey; seven storeys 2. the third time 3. has been two years 4. up to now; till now5. As a result of 6. congratulate; on 7. starving / starved 8. contact; contact II. 1. has had his computer2. Up to now / Till now / So far 3. have lost contact with4. to choose from 5.
23、get away from the pressure of workIII. 1. has visited 2. have; been 3. has not been decided 4. has happened; lost5. to have gone 6. have been completed7. have been sold 8. was told; had been put off9. have worked; began 10. learned; has played11. moved 12. havent thought13. has written 14. has begun15. Has; arrived 16. Did; smoke17. didnt get 18. did; find; found
