1、ng the “scientific” content of any given behavior. If any one of these three pillars of science is missing from an activity, one cannot claim that the activity is scientific. The growth of scientific knowledge is predominately incrementalwe build on past knowledge more often than we displace it. Thu
2、s, the first pillar of sciencea communal collection of knowledgerequires mechanisms for disseminating and preserving knowledge within the scientific community. By far the most important mechanism in use today is the scientific publication. Although there are many forms of scientific publication, the
3、 most important is the peer-reviewed journal paper. The goal of this book is to help authors produce good scientific papers and thus support the goals of science. Using This Book This book can be read straight through, which I recommend for early-career scientists who are relatively new to writing a
4、nd publishing papers. It can also be used as a reference for specific topics (e.g., how to produce a good figure or write an abstract). Each chapter is purposely short and can be read in isolation for easy reference. The appendixa checklist for editors, reviewers, and authorsis a summary of the less
5、ons of this book. Throughout this book I will use the words “science” and “scientist” in the most expansive way possible to include people and activities generally called “engineering.” Publishing in highly practical engineering fields or highly theoretical science fields (and every part of the cont
6、inuum in between) has mostly the same requirements. Some fields, such as medicine, include additional important requirements, especially related to the use of and reporting on human or animal subjects. I will not be covering those important topics in this book, but the general lessons here apply eve
7、n to those more specialized fields. Because of my experience as Editor-in-Chief of JM3, I have intimate knowledge and insider information about this specific journal. Where useful, I have included specific information from JM3 to use as examples of the points I How to Write a Good Science Paper xi m
8、ake in the book. JM3 is probably representative of journals positioned halfway between pure science and pure engineering, and I hope that examples from this journal will make the lessons of this book more real. Acknowledgments My learning about science writing leaves me with many debts of gratitude.
9、 The experience of writing, for me, had been a mostly joyful and satisfying one. I am indebted to the many good authors who I have read and to the many coauthors I have been privileged to write with. Less pleasant have been the rejection letters and difficult reviews that I have received over the ye
10、ars, but I am even more indebted to these editors and reviewers for their careful and constructive criticisms that forced me to improve even when I did not want to. I am also grateful for the readers of my books and articles who have given me feedback and asked me questions. They have taught me that
11、 when a reader does not understand what I have written, it is almost always my fault, not theirs. I would also like to thank the volunteer scientists that make up the editorial board of JM3. Together, we have gone through the sometimes exciting but often routine process of publishing a peer-reviewed
12、 science journal issue after issue. Finally, I would like to thank the wonderful staff of SPIE, who not only publish JM3 but are also publishing this book and making it freely available in electronic format. I have learned a tremendous amount from Eric Pepper and Karolyn Labes, who have coached and
13、mentored me in my role as Editor-in-Chief and have reviewed and improved all of the material in this book. Thanks to John Mays and Scott McNeill as well for reviewing the text of this book. I conclude with these oft-repeated words: much of what is good in this book is a consequence of the many peopl
14、e who have helped me over the years, and all of what is bad is due to my own shortcomings. Chris A. Mack Austin, Texas January 2018 References 1 R. K. Merton, The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL (1973). 1 Chapter 1 Getting Star
15、ted If you are thinking about writing a science paper for peer review and publication, what should be your first steps? Ideally, you have thought about the possibility of writing and publishing early in your research project because some early planning can help you avoid problems later. But first, y
16、ou should ask yourself about your motivations for writing a science paper. 1.1 Why Write and Publish a Paper? Writing a paper and getting it published in a peer-reviewed journal is hard work, even after the hard work that led to the publishable results. So why do people do it? What motivates authors
17、 to go through the writing process, and then the peer review process, in order to publish their work? There are two kinds of motivations, altruism and self-interest, and most authors have some combination of the two. Altruism Peer-reviewed science publications are the predominant method today for di
18、sseminating and archiving scientific advances (books, conference presentations, and university teaching are other common ways). Science grows and advances through a communal collection of knowledge that is constantly being challenged, revised, and expanded.1,2 Most scientists (and I include engineer
19、ing in the broadest sense of science) have a strong desire to contribute to the advancement of their field, which is often their primary reason for becoming a scientist. Publication is usually the most straightforward way to make such a contribution, and it is thus highly motivating (and satisfying)
20、 to most scientists. Self-Interest Publishing can also bring tangible benefits to an author, thus providing a self- interested motivation for writing and publishing a paper. Publishing may be required for career advancement and is frequently accompanied by direct or indirect monetary rewards. The fa
21、miliar “publish or perish” paradigm in academia adds a proverbial stick to the carrot of career advancement. But even without these obvious professional motivations, almost all human beings crave recognition for their efforts. I know that I am highly motivated by the reward of peer recognition; 2 Ch
22、apter 1 I am gratified to see my worked used and referenced, and I take pride in publishing in journals that I respect and admire. Balancing Altruism and Self-Interest Let me be clear that I do not view self-interested motivations as inherently bad or even fundamentally worse than altruistic motivat
23、ions. Any properly regulated and well-functioning “marketplace” (to borrow economic parlance) aligns self- interested and selfless motivations as much as possible. I suspect that every author has some combination of these two classes of motivation. The problem comes when altruism and self-interest a
24、re not balanced. In particular, if self-interest becomes s撰写撰写SCI论文的经验和感想论文的经验和感想 主讲人：张蕾 副教授主讲人：张蕾 副教授 中药学院中药分析教研室中药学院中药分析教研室 主要内容主要内容 三大索引简介三大索引简介 选题与创新选题与创新 准备稿件准备稿件 投稿投稿 修回和退稿修回和退稿 三大检索系统三大检索系统三大检索系统三大检索系统 SCI 科学引文索引科学引文索引 S Science cience C Citation itation I Indexndex EI 工程索引工程索引 E Engineering
25、ngineering I Indexndex ISTP 科技会议录索引科技会议录索引 Index to Scientific Yan Liu, MD; Yu Liu, MD; Jijun Zhang, MD; Chiharu Kishimoto, MD, PhD* *Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University,Kyoto 606-8501, Japan First authors surname: Yuan Supported by Natural Science Fo
26、undation of China (30170371) Address correspondence to: Zuyi Yuan, MD, PhD Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University,No.1 Jiankang Road, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, China Tel: +86-29-532-4021 Fax: +86-29-5263190 E-mail: zuyiyuan 题目题目 作者作者 机构机构 第1或通讯作者的详细信息第1或通讯作者的详细
27、信息 准备稿件准备稿件 层次感、逻辑性。层次感、逻辑性。 简介研究对象简介研究对象 文献总结回顾文献总结回顾 轻描淡写轻描淡写 分析局限，引分析局限，引 出创新点出创新点 总结性描述研总结性描述研 究内容究内容 着重笔墨着重笔墨 全，全，特别是最近进展和过去经特别是最近进展和过去经 典文献的引用。典文献的引用。 准，摘录数据和结果要正确准，摘录数据和结果要正确 变，变，忌讳抄录，提倡总结。忌讳抄录，提倡总结。 重拳出击重拳出击 客观，客观，切忌贬抬切忌贬抬 聚焦，聚焦，围绕以往研究不足围绕以往研究不足 准确清晰准确清晰 简介（简介（Introduction） 材料和方法材料和方法( Mater
28、ials and Methods ) 准备稿件准备稿件 材料材料 涉及人和动物的问题涉及人和动物的问题 方法方法 鲜明的层次感鲜明的层次感 结果（结果（Results） 准备稿件准备稿件 翔实、准确翔实、准确 1. 数量：图不宜过多，最多不超过数量：图不宜过多，最多不超过6个个 2. 格式：格式：tif居多，不推荐使用居多，不推荐使用bmp 和和 jpg 3. 分辨率：不低于分辨率：不低于300 4. 彩图慎用彩图慎用 图图 表表 讨论（讨论（Discussion） 准备稿件准备稿件 深度深度 广度广度对论题从多个角度进行讨论。对论题从多个角度进行讨论。 ?综述类似结果的对比，说明结论的独特性
29、 和创新性。 综述类似结果的对比，说明结论的独特性 和创新性。 ?系统阐述结果的依据和支持。系统阐述结果的依据和支持。 与结果前后呼应，相互衬托与结果前后呼应，相互衬托 参考文献（参考文献（Reference） 准备稿件准备稿件 1. 最好引用原始文献，不要二次引用；最好引用原始文献，不要二次引用； 2. 注意文献的编排格式注意文献的编排格式 3. 2035篇为宜篇为宜 4. 引用近期文献引用近期文献 2.1投稿投稿 1. 准备投稿信（准备投稿信（covering letter, submission letter, letter to editor-in-chief) （1）声明文稿权转让；
30、）声明文稿权转让； （2）未一稿多投，和稿件未作出决定之前不准 备一稿多投； ）未一稿多投，和稿件未作出决定之前不准 备一稿多投； （3）所有列出作者均对文稿有确切贡献；）所有列出作者均对文稿有确切贡献； （4）所有作者均已阅读文稿，且同意送稿；）所有作者均已阅读文稿，且同意送稿； （5）通讯作者姓名、地址、电话、）通讯作者姓名、地址、电话、Fax、e-mail （6）稿件适宜的栏目。）稿件适宜的栏目。 2.1投稿投稿 2. 在线投稿在线投稿 （1）Covering letter, Manuscript, Figure, Table （2）推荐审稿人。）推荐审稿人。 推荐国外发过与你结果、结论
31、相似文章的作者。推荐国外发过与你结果、结论相似文章的作者。 推荐你论文中引用的论文作者。推荐你论文中引用的论文作者。 推荐你或你导师认识的同专业人士。推荐你或你导师认识的同专业人士。 推荐精英。推荐精英。 2.1修回和退稿修回和退稿 直接退稿直接退稿编辑编辑 1. 论文题材不适合所投刊物。论文题材不适合所投刊物。 2. 格式问题格式问题- Re-submission Journal of Chromatography A Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 等待期等待期 编辑委托编辑委托23个审稿人评审稿件期（个审稿人评审稿件期（under- r
32、eview 2.1修回和退稿修回和退稿 仲裁仲裁 1. Rejection： IF5, 拒稿率拒稿率80%； IF4，据稿率，据稿率30%左右；左右； rivision letter IF IF 2. Re-submission（改后再投）：（改后再投）： (1)论文竞争力不够，甚至有缺陷，通常需要补实验或资 料 论文竞争力不够，甚至有缺陷，通常需要补实验或资 料 (2)审稿人意见不一致，褒贬参半，编辑无法定夺审稿人意见不一致，褒贬参半，编辑无法定夺 对策：（1）对策：（1）补充实验（至少1个）；对不能补充的实验要 给出理由和说明； 补充实验（至少1个）；对不能补充的实验要 给出理由和说明；
33、（2）（2）有理有据回答审稿人的每一个问题有理有据回答审稿人的每一个问题 2.1修回和退稿修回和退稿 仲裁仲裁rivision letter 3. 修改（修改（Major revision and Minor revision） 接受机会大，但修不过2。接受机会大，但修不过2。 4. 接收（接收（Accept） 2.1修回和退稿修回和退稿 rivision letter (Reviewers and editors comments 原则原则 1. 所有问题必须逐条回答，并标明修改所有问题必须逐条回答，并标明修改（page,lines) 2. 尽量满足意见中需要补充的实验；尽量满足意见中需要补
34、充的实验； 3. 满足不了也不能回避，说明理由；满足不了也不能回避，说明理由； 4. 对于不认同的意见，要委婉反驳，做到有理有据；对于不认同的意见，要委婉反驳，做到有理有据； 5. 审稿人推荐的文献一定要引用，并加以讨论；审稿人推荐的文献一定要引用，并加以讨论； 2.1修回和退稿修回和退稿 rivision letter (Reviewers and editors comments 写法写法 感谢感谢 承诺承诺 修改修改 明细明细 Dear Editors and Reviewers: Thank you for your letter and for the reviewers comme
35、nts concerning our manuscript entitled “” (ID: *). Those comments are valuable and very helpful for revising and improving our paper, as well as the important guiding significance to our researches. We have studied comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with approval. Revised
36、 portion are marked in red in the paper. The main corrections in the paper and the responds to the reviewers comments are as flowing: 再次再次 感谢感谢 2.1修回和退稿修回和退稿 rivision letter (Reviewers and editors comment） 写法写法 感谢感谢 承诺承诺 修改修改 明细明细 Reviewer #1: 1. Response to comment: * Response: * 2. Response to comment* Response: * Reviewer #2: 切记勿遗漏切记勿遗漏 再次再次 感谢感谢 We tried our best to improve the manuscript$鄻瀸DD沋沋0doc耀瀀漀礀0x耀腧0一耀?耀豎0一耀?耀乏0儀耀籑癞0刀吶耀?耀0匀耀0吀鄈耀?耀癞0吀效耀0嘀塪耀?耀0夀名耀0帀诺耀0戀趕耀0攀夾耀0最耀偧饥0栀脑。潗0氀耀0氀水耀0甀朵耀0砀0砀耀碑0稀飋耀?耀0縀纺耀?耀沏0耀【耀歰0茀攃耀?耀0謀耀?耀沏0鄀乍耀袔0鐀肾耀?耀0销耀扟0销縦耀?耀0销耀羕0阀销耀抗饥0頀癹耀捨0騀绘耀圀椀彀絀谎?紀一味耀?耀乏0儀耀?耀0匀茻耀
