1、 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔约翰米尔顿英文诗全集顿英文诗全集 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 2/599 总目录总目录 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录：辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录 第第 8 卷卷 希腊
2、戏剧希腊戏剧 第第 9 卷卷 论友谊、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 3/599 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神
3、曲神曲 第第 21 卷卷 许婚的爱人许婚的爱人 第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集：物理学、化学、科学论文集：物理学、化学、天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 4/59
4、9 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼自传切利尼自传 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 40 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格英文诗集（卷）从乔叟到格雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）
5、从科林斯到英文诗集（卷）从科林斯到费兹杰拉德费兹杰拉德 第第 42 卷卷 英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到英文诗集（卷）从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 5/599 督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）伊丽莎白时期戏剧（卷）第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第
6、49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 第第 50 卷卷 哈佛经典讲座哈佛经典讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 6/599 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 INTRODUCTORY NOTE AMONG English men of letters there is none whose life and work stand in more intimate relation with the history of his times than those of Milton.Not only was
7、 he for a long period immersed in political controversy and public business,but there are few of his important works which do not become more significant in the light of contemporary events,and in turn help the understanding of these events themselves.It is evidence of this intimate relation,that th
8、e periods into which his life naturally falls coincide with the periods into which English history in the seventeenth century divides itself.The first of these extends from Miltons birth to his return from Italy,and corresponds with that period in the reigns of James I and Charles I during which the
9、 religious and political differences which culminated in the Civil War were working up to a climax.The second ends with his retirement into private life,in 1660,and coincides with the period of the Civil War and the Commonwealth.The third closes with his death in 1674,and falls within the period of
10、the Restoration.John Milton was born in Bread Street,London,on the ninth of December,1608.He was the son of John Milton,a prosperous scrivener(i.e.,attorney and law-stationer),a man of good family and considerable culture,especially devoted to music.In the education of the future poet the elder Milt
11、on was exceptionally generous.From childhood he destined him for the Church,and the preparation begun at home was continued at St.Pauls School and at Cambridge.We have abundant evidence that the boy was from the first a quick and diligent student,and the late study to which he was addicted from chil
12、dhood was the beginning of that injury to his eyes which ended in blindness.He entered Christs College,Cambridge,in 1625,took the degree of B.A.in 1629,and that of M.A.in 1632,when 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 7/599 he left the University after seven years residence.But the deve
13、lopment of affairs in the English Church had overturned his plans,and the interference of Laud with freedom of thought and preaching among the clergy led Milton“to prefer a blameless silence before the sacred office of speaking bought with servitude and forswearing.”So he retired to his fathers hous
14、e at Horton in Buckinghamshire,and devoted the next six years to quiet study and the composition of a few poems.In 1638 Milton set out on a journey to Italy.After some days in Paris,he passed on by way of Nice to Genoa,Leghorn,Pisa,and Florence,in which last city he spent about two months in the soc
15、iety of wits and men of letters.After two months more spent in Rome,he visited Naples,and had intended to cross to Sicily and go thence to Greece,when rumors of civil war in England led him to turn his face homeward,“inasmuch,”he says,“as I thought it base to be traveling at my ease for intellectual
16、 culture while my countrymen at home were fighting for liberty.”His writings produced abroad were all in Italian or Latin,and seem to have brought him considerable distinction among the Italian men of letters whom he met.Yet Milton did not plunge rashly into the political conflict.After he returned
17、from the Continent,the household at Horton was broken up,and he went to London to resume his studies,and decide on the form and subject of his great poem.Part of his time was occupied in teaching his two nephews,and afterward he took under his care a small number of youths,sons of his friends.In 164
18、3 he married Mary Powell,the daughter of an Oxfordshire Royalist.In about a months he left him and remained away for two years,at the end of which time she sought and obtained a reconciliation.She died in 1653 or 1654,leaving him three little daughters.The main occupation of his first years in Londo
19、n was controversy.Liberty was Miltons deepest passion,and in liberty we sum up the theme of his prose writings.There are“three species of liberty,”he says,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 8/599 “which are essential to the happiness of social lifereligious,domestic,and civil,”and for
20、 all three he fought.His most important prose works may,indeed,be roughly classed under these heads:under religious,his pamphlets against Episcopacy;under domestic,his works on Education,Divorce,and the Freedom of the Press;under civil,his controversial writings on the overthrow of the monarchy.In a
21、ll of these he strove for freedom and toleration;and when England became a Republic,he became officially associated with the new government as Secretary of Foreign Tongues,in which capacity he not only conducted its foreign correspondence,but also acted as its literary adviser and champion in the co
22、ntroversies by pamphlet that arose in connection with the execution of the King and the theory of the Commonwealth.It was in the midst of these activities that a great calamity overtook him.The defence of the late King had been undertaken by the famous Dutch Latinist Salmasius in a“Defensio Regis,”a
23、nd to Milton fell the task of replying to it.His eyesight,weakened even in childhood by overstudy,was now failing fast,and he was warned by physicians that it would go altogether if he persisted in this work.But to Milton the fight he had entered on was no mere matter of professional employment as i
24、t was to his opponent,and he deliberately sacrificed what remained to him of light in the service of the cause to which he was devoted.The reply was a most effective one,but it left Milton hopelessly blind.With the aid of an assistant,however,he retained his office through the Protectorate of Cromwe
25、ll,until the eve of the Restoration.Oliver Cromwell died in 1658,his son Richard succeeded him for a short time,and in 1660 Charles II was restored to the throne.To the last Milton fought with tremendous earnestness against this catastrophe.For,to him,it was indeed a catastrophe.The return of the St
26、uarts meant to him not only great personal danger,but,what was far more important,it meant the overthrow of all that he had for twenty years spent himself to 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 9/599 uphold.It meant the setting up in government,in religion,and in society,of ideals and
27、institutions that he could not but regard as the extreme of reaction and national degradation.Almost by a miracle he escaped personal violence,but he was of necessity forced into obscure retirement;and there,reduced in fortune,blind,and broken-hearted,he devoted himself to the production of“Paradise
28、 Lost”and“Paradise Regained.”The great schemes which in his early manhood he had planned and dreamed over had for years been laid aside;but now at last he had a mournful leisure,and with magnificent fortitude he availed himself of the opportunity.“Paradise Lost”had been begun even before the Kings r
29、eturn;in 1665 it was finished,and in 1667 the first edition appeared.“Paradise Regained”and“Samson Agonistes”were published in 1671.In 1657 Miltons second wife,Catherine Woodcock,had died.For about seven years after,he lived alone with his three daughters,whom he trained to read to him not merely in
30、 English,but in Latin,Greek,Italian,French,Spanish,and Hebrew,though they did not understand a word of what they read.What little we know of their relations to their father is not pleasant.They seem to have been rebellious and undutiful,though doubtless there was much provocation.In 1663 Milton took
31、 a third wife,Elizabeth Minshull,who did much to give ease and comfort to his last years,and who long survived him.The retirement in which he lived during this third period,when public affairs seemed to him to have gone all wrong,was not absolutely solitary.The harshness that appears in his controve
32、rsial writings,and the somewhat unsympathetic austerity that seems to be indicated by his relations with his first wife and his children,are to be counterbalanced in our minds by the impression of companionableness that we derive from the picture of the old blind poet,sought out by many who not mere
33、ly admired his greatness,but found pleasure in his society,and counted it a 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 10/599 privilege to talk with him and read to him.Stern and sad he could hardly fail to be,but his old age was peaceful and not bitter.He died on November 8,1674,and was buri
34、ed in the Church of St.Giles,Cripplegate,London.In spite of Miltons association with the Puritan party in the political struggles of his time,the common habit of referring to him as“the Puritan Poet”is seriously misleading.The Puritans of the generation of Miltons father were indeed often men of cul
35、ture and love of the arts,but the Puritans of the Civil War,the Puritans whom we think of to-day in our ordinary use of the term,were,in general,men who had not only no interest in art,but who regarded beauty itself as a temptation of the evil one.Even a slight study of Miltons works will convince t
36、he reader that to this class Milton could never have belonged.Side by side with his love of liberty and his enthusiasm for moral purityqualities in!which even then the Puritans had no monopolyMilton was passionately devoted to beauty;and the reason why his work survives to-day is not because part of
37、 it expresses the Puritan theology,but because of its artistic qualitiesabove all because it is at once more faultless and more nobly sustained in music than that of any other English poet.THE POEMS OF JOHN MILTON WRITTEN AT SCHOOL AND COLLEGE 1624-1632ON THE MORNING OF CHRISTS NATIVITY(1629)I THIS
38、is the month,and this the happy morn,Wherein the Son of Heavens eternal King,Of wedded maid and Virgin Mother born,Our great redemption from above did bring;For so the holy sages once did sing,That he our deadly forfeit should release,And with his Father work us a perpetual peace.百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Har
39、vard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 11/599 II That glorious Form,that Light unsufferable,And that far-beaming blaze of majesty,Wherewith he wont at Heavens high council-table To sit the midst of Trinal Unity,He laid aside,and,here with us to be,Forsook the Courts of everlasting Day,And chose with us a da
40、rksome house of mortal clay.III Say,Heavenly Muse,shall not thy sacred vein Afford a present to the Infant God?Hast thou no verse,no hymn,or solemn strain,To welcome him to this his new abode,Now while the heaven,by the Suns team untrod,Hath took no print of the approaching light,And all the spangle
41、d host keep watch in squadronsbright?IV See how from far upon the Eastern road The star-led Wisards haste with odours sweet!Oh!run;prevent them with thy humble ode,And lay it lowly at his blessd feet;Have thou the honour first thy Lord to greet,And join thy voice unto the Angel Quire,From out his se
42、cret altar touched with hallowed fire.THE HYMN I It was the winter wild,While the heaven-born child All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies;Nature,in awe to him,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 12/599 Had doffed her gaudy trim,With her great Master so to sympathize:It was no season
43、 then for her To wanton with the Sun,her lusty Paramour.II Only with speeches fair She woos the gentle air To hide her guilty front with innocent snow,And on her naked shame,Pollute with sinful blame,The saintly veil of maiden white to throw;Confounded,that her Makers eyes Should look so near upon h
44、er foul deformities.III But he,her fears to cease,Sent down the meek-eyed Peace:She,crowned with olive green,came softly sliding Down through the turning sphere,His ready Harbinger,With turtle wing the amorous clouds dividing;And,waving wide her myrtle wand,She strikes a universal peace through sea
45、and land.IV No war,or battails sound,Was heard the world around;The idle spear and shield were high uphung;The hookd chariot stood,Unstained with hostile blood;The trumpet spake not to the armd throng;And Kings sat still with awful eye,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 13/599 As if t
46、hey surely knew their sovran Lord was by.V But peaceful was the night Wherein the Prince of Light His reign of peace upon the earth began.The winds,with wonder whist,Smoothly the waters kissed,Whispering new joys to the mild Ocean,Who now hath quite forgot to rave,While birds of calm sit brooding on
47、 the charmed wave.VI The stars,with deep amaze,Stand fixed in steadfast gaze,Bending one way their precious influence,And will not take their flight,For all the morning light,Or Lucifer that often warned them thence;But in their glimmering orbs did glow,Until their Lord himself bespake,and bid them
48、go.VII And,though the shady gloom Had given day her room,The Sun himself withheld his wonted speed,And hid his head of shame,As his inferior flame The new-enlightened world no more should need:He saw a greater Sun appear Than his bright Throne or burning axletree could bear.VIII The Shepherds on the
49、 lawn,百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 4 卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 14/599 Or ere the point of dawn,Sat simply chatting in a rustic row;Full little thought they than That the mighty Pan Was kindly come to live with them below:Perhaps their loves,or else their sheep,Was all that did their silly thoughts so busy
50、keep.IX When such music sweet Their hearts and ears did greet As never was by mortal finger strook,Divinely-warbled voice Answering the stringd noise,As all their souls in blissful rapture took:The air,such pleasure loth to lose,With thousand echoes still prolongs each heavenly close.X Nature,that h
