1、磯(虗倀萀倀讀缁H缀窒癇蹧嘀椀伂甃蔄鴄鶄鴄椄奎歲瑑豎唀渀椀琀攀猀愀椀搀眀愀猀栀愀爀搀眀漀爀欀椀渀最愀怀瀀瀀琀挀戀戀戀攀愀愀攀挀搀挀搀搀攀最椀昀奎歲瑑豎啑渀椀琀攀猀愀椀搀眀愀猀栀愀爀搀眀漀爀欀椀渀最愀怀瀀瀀琀尀尀攀挀昀挀戀攀搀愀昀愀攀搀爀眀樀刀瀀堀堀昀甀椀猀焀愀匀猀一唀刀焀吀瀀匀瀀倀伀刀戀甀唀礀搀匀堀圀最奎歲瑑豎唀渀椀琀攀猀愀椀搀眀愀猀栀愀爀搀眀漀爀欀椀渀最愀怀奎歲琀豎栀愀爀搀眀漀爀欀椀渀最尀眀攀渀欀甀尀眀攀戀甀椀尀氀攀砀倀愀瀀攀爀尀椀氀攀刀漀漀琀尀挀愀攀愀戀昀戀愀昀愀愀攀搀倀帀碮夀晎馍娀吀最栀堀愀匀猀眀猀伀最欀攀氀匀氀戀吀最砀礀爀眀刀最樀娀攀娀倀眀甀挀栀甀挀唀渀椀琀攀猀愀椀搀眀愀猀栀愀爀搀眀漀
2、爀欀椀渀最匀攀挀琀椀漀渀愀嘀匀蒋瀀占聎葟鮀昀恛愀渀愀琀漀氀搀攀渀刀攀瘀椀攀眀圀栀愀琀搀椀搀琀栀攀礀猀愀礀愀渀愀挀愀氀氀攀搀愀爀挀椀愀攀渀琀漀氀搀愀渀愀愀爀挀椀愀愀渀愀攀刀怀茀谁禱焀禄码碻&娶*萜娸*萜娹*萜娼*簀萜娿*縀萜婁*蠀萜娽*萜婃*萜婄*萜婆*萜婇*萜婋*丆萜婏*萜婌*倆萜婑*帆萝婓*匆萝婕*唆萝婜*堆萝婗*嬆萝婝*挆萝婡*攆萝婦*朆萝婧*栆萝婩*欆萝婭*渆萝婯*瀆萝婲*猆萝婲*欆萝婰*眆尀萝婵*瘆开萝婸*稆挀萝婸*笆樀萝婹*紆渀萝婼*縆猀萝媀*脆眀萝媂*萆鄀萝媅*茆阀萝媈*蠆鬀萝媉*褆鸀萝媆*謆萝媌*輆萝媒*鄆萝媎*逆萝媍*錆萝媎*褆萝媔*踆萝媑*鄆葯媔*怆蒬婪*訆蒬婧*蒬娷*愆蒬婣
3、*丆儀蒬婂*欆渀蒬娻*猆蘀蒬媕*谆鴀蒬媔*蒬婐*理蒬婦*簆蒬婅*礆蒬婓*蒭媎*蒭婥*逆嬀蒭婋*理蒴婗*蒾娸*嬆蒾婍*蒿媍*鸀蓃媆*昆蓆婦*甆蓊媁*萆蓍婿*茆挀蓍媉*耆褀蓍媍*贆蓎媈*分蓏媇*蔆蓐婻*舆蓐婽*縆鐀蓒媒*砆蓕婲*椆蓕婔*氆蓕婷*嘆蓕媆*朆蓗婧*伆蓚婍*渆蓚媋*伀蓚媐*伆吀蓝媐*蓠婉*訆戀蓡婼*簆蓢婉*蓣婉*訆蓤媊*簆蓫婍*錀蔆婘*攆销蔆媃*鐆需蔆婥*茆蔆婄*鐆蔆婥*蔍婈*焆蔑婟*崆焀蔑婨*鄆蔒婰*锆最蔚媕*缆蔧娶*蔫娼*稀蔴婌*褀蔴媉*儀蔸媋*謆蕍婈*佯謆蕐婵*媆嬀蕛媁*巉褆鸀蕳婓*玟挆蕳婣*玤匆蕳婗*蒅圆褀薄婼*缆戀藎婩*缆销藎婩*戆藬婃*蘧媐*缆虎婦*儇锆號媕*彄锆褀虢婍*捲茆
4、退虪婏*溜渆虱婼*狒伆欀蚂婢*芉餀蚂婞*芝攆蚂婙*茜漆蚃婜*萇瘆蚄娽*蔭娆眀蚅婌*薪唆蚆婑*蝀錆蚈娼*袬销蚉婺*觳甆蚊娿*誎堆蚊婤*諀渆蚊娺*諴輆蚋娾*謽謆蚪婈*褆耀蛐媉*褆蛐婒*縆蛤婾*縆蛤婩*蝊婐*朆蟋婦*蠟婈*褆蠮婓*倆谀褱婄*覝媋*鈆鄀諘婭*缆譟婄*舆诎婅*舆賴婇*樆蹬婿*珷軁婙*谄鄳媔*鎏媂*頎椆謀颰婩*鵾匆騹婮*婦*夕分婨*唆鴀婽*脀萡宂*茆頀萡宀*萆騀萡孿*蔆鴀萡孺*蔆鼀萡宅*蘆萡宇*缆萡守*紆萡安*蠆萡孼*舆萢宅*謆萢孽*贆萢宀*鈆萢定*順萢宙*霆萢宜*鬆萢嬓*萢宣*吀萢宖*堀萢宦*崀萢宫*怀萢宬*戀萢宪*褀萢嬼*鐀萢嫎*萶孛*葁嬣*葍嬇*鄆葯季*綆戆鴀蒁孄*萅蒅嬐*虞蒉嬙*譄
5、蒍嬞*釘蒠媛*蒦媔*漆蒫婠*樆蒬媪*蒬媊*朆蒬婃*蒬娷*愆蒬婣*丆儀蒬婂*怀蒬婫*焀蒬嫢*茀蒬婳*锆谀蒬媣*谆鴀蒬媙*蒬媔*蒬嫜*蒬媫*蒬婊*蒬嫥*倆蒬嫪*蒬婴*昆蒬婼*蒬婹*匆蒭婇*蒭媿*蒭媞*蒭媎*蒭媧*蒭婥*蒭媼*逆嬀蒭媥*蒭季*蒭孴*蒭孩*弆蒭孳*蒮嬨*氆蒮宦*蒮嬞*蒮嬉*蒮嬓*蒮嬘*娀蒮嬬*攀蒮宠*帆退蒮嬣*蒮嬒*蒮宣*蒮孥*蒮嬽*堆蒮孊*礆蒯婋*阀蒳孔*茆蒳嬆*蒳孽*蒳嬠*爆蒳婴*蒷媹*蒹婗*蒾娸*蒾婛*蒾嫄*蒿婍*蒿婉*椀蒿媍*瘀蒿嬄*蒿嬔*蒿孀*蓀孺*昆蓀孼*分蓀孺*脀蓃婄*蓃嫋*蘆匀蓄嫷*蓅嫼*昆蓆媖*鰆眀蓇嫻*蓈孳*蓈嬘*昆蓉嫯*鬆蓉媛*甆蓊嬴*猆蓌嬓*騆蓌媖*蓍媁*萆蓍婿
6、*尀蓍媃*褆最蓍媀*餀蓍嬈*贆蓎媍*攀蓎嬴*霆蓏媈*分蓏嫨*蓐媷*蓐媇*蔆蓐婻*舆蓐孋*紆蓐审*蓑婾*蓒嬎*鈆崀蓔嫺*瘆鼀蓔婸*爆蓕婩*蓕婔*氆蓕婷*蓕嫝*嘆蓕媆*蓖宆*欆蓖宁*堀蓖宄*耀蓖嬩*栆蓖孒*朆蓗媜*朆蓗嫍*蓙婏*蓚婮*蓚嬖*蓚孆*謆蓚宒*鈆蓚婍*逆鰀蓚嬫*萆蓝媿*萆蓝婏*洀蓝宒*逆蓝嬫*簀蓟嬫*蓠婉*訆戀蓡孅*蓢婼*簆蓢嫆*蓣婉*蓤宋*訆蓤媊*蓥宨*簆蓫嬕*退蓲嫥*蔀婄*堆鐀蔆婥*茆阀蔆媔*頀蔆媝*鼀蔆嫌*today. I always get nervous when I see the envelope from school in the mail , but luckily
7、 I did OK this time . I had a really hard time with science this semester , and I wasnt surprised to find that my worst report was from my science teacher. She said I was lazy, which isnt ture. Its just that I find science really difficult . Another disappointing result was in history . My history t
8、eacher said I could do better . The good news is that my math teacher said I was hard-working . And my Spanish teacher said my listening was good . Well, thats all the news I have for now . Mom and Dad send their love. Love, Alan 3a幻灯片 10 Dear grandma , Hows it going? I hope that grandpa is well now
9、 . I was sorry to hear that he had a cold last week .I hope you are in good health . Things are fine here. I finished my end-of-year exams last week and got my report card today. I always get nervous when I see the envelope from school in the mail , but luckily I did OK this time . I had a really ha
10、rd time with science this semester , and I wasnt surprised to find that my worst report was from my science teacher. She said I was lazy, which isnt ture. Its just that I find science really difficult . Another disappointing result was in history . My history teacher said I could do better . The goo
11、d news is that my math teacher said I was hard-working . And my Spanish teacher said my listening was good . Well, thats all the news I have for now . Mom and Dad send their love. Love, Alan 3a Dear grandma , Hows it going? I hope that grandpa is well now . I was sorry to hear that he had a cold las
12、t week .I hope you are in good health . Things are fine here. I finished my end-of-year exams last week and got my report card today. I always get nervous when I see the envelope from school in the mail , but luckily I did OK this time . I had a really hard time with science this semester , and I wa
13、snt surprised to find that my worst report was from my science teacher. She said I was lazy, which isnt ture. Its just that I find science really difficult . Another disappointing result was in history . My history teacher said I could do better . The good news is that my math teacher said I was har
14、d-working . And my Spanish teacher said my listening was good . Well, thats all the news I have for now . Mom and Dad send their love. Love, Alan 3a Dear grandma , Hows it going? I hope that grandpa is well now . I was sorry to hear that he had a cold last week .I hope you are in good health . Thing
15、s are fine here. I finished my end-of-year exams last week and got my report card today. I always get nervous when I see the envelope from school in the mail , but luckily I did OK this time . I had a really hard time with science this semester , and I wasnt surprised to find that my worst report wa
16、s from my science teacher. She said I was lazy, which isnt ture. Its just that I find science really difficult . Another disappointing result was in history . My history teacher said I could do better . The good news is that my math teacher said I was hard-working . And my Spanish teacher said my li
17、stening was good . Well, thats all the news I have for now . Mom and Dad send their love. Love, Alan 3a Dear grandma , Hows it going? I hope that grandpa is well now . I was sorry to hear that he had a cold last week .I hope you are in good health . Things are fine here. I finished my end-of-year ex
18、ams last week and got my report card today. I always get nervous when I see the envelope from school in the mail , but luckily I did OK this time . I had a really hard time with science this semester , and I wasnt surprised to find that my worst report was from my science teacher. She said I was laz
19、y, which isnt ture. Its just that I find science really difficult . Another disappointing result was in history . My history teacher said I could do better . The good news is that my math teacher said I was hard-working . And my Spanish teacher said my listening was good . Well, thats all the news I
20、 have for now . Mom and Dad send their love. Love, Alan 3a 第一关 be good at=do well in 2. in good health=be healthy 第二关 truly truth disappointed disappointing lucky luckily unluckily unfortunately copies owner 1. Hows it going? 2. in good health=be healthy 1.3. Im sorry to hear that. 2.4. end-of-year
21、exams 5. get nervous 6. have a hard time with sth./sb. 7. in history 8. do her own work 做他自己的工作 第一关 自主学习 hope to do/ that从句 wish sb. sth./ sb. to do / that从句 wish wishes 1) A 2) A 不再 no more 数量 程度 I can no more play. no longer 时间 距离 实义动词 be 句末 He isnt a young man any longer. 一、1. cant any more 2. to
22、 get 3. supposed 4. anymore 5. would 6. whether 7. A 8. A 9. if/ whether it was 二、 She was mad at Marcia yesterday. She was having a party for Marcia then. He goes to the beach every Saturday. He would call you tomorrow/ the next day. She could speak three languages the next year. Dear , I got my re
23、port card today. My math teacher said that I was hard-working. My Spanish teacher said I was good at speaking. My history is not so good. The teacher said I should do better. My science teacher said I was a lazy student. Ill have to try harder at science. Yours, Scott aunt Name: Scot Class: Class 11
24、 Math hard-working Spanish good at speaking History can do better Science lazy student 3b Writing 1.Can you _ some music CDs to the party? 2.My friend _ English so she often helps me with my projects. 3. He didnt know what was _ outside. 4. Im so cold. Can I _ your jacket? 5. Im seeing Sue this afte
25、rnoon. Do you want me to _ any messages? Self-check bring pass on borrow happening does well in Read the story and answer the questions. My best friend is Xiao Li, but last week in school we had a big fight, and she didnt talk to me. It all started when she asked me if she could copy my homework. I
26、asked her why she wanted to do that ,and she said that she had forgotten to do hers . I said I didnt think it was a good idea for her to copy my homework. She wanted to know why I didnt think it was a good idea. I said it would start a bad habit and that she should do her own work.She got really mad
27、 at me and said she didnt want to be my best friend anymore. I said that was OK and I was sure she would get over it. And she did. Yesterday she told me she was sorry .She said it was much better if she did her own work. 2 1.Who is the writers best friend ? Xiao Li. 2.What happened last week in scho
28、ol ? The writer and Xiao Li had a big fight. 3.Why did Xiao Li want to copy the writers homework ? Because she had forgotten to do hers. 5.Why did the writer refuse Xiao Li ? Because the writer thought copying homework would start a bad habit. 4.Did Xiao Li get over it? Yes, she did. Questions： 句型转换
29、。 1.Meimei said,” I can pass the end-of-year exam easily入侵生物学 2 你期待的入侵生物学是 外星人入侵？ 地球人入侵？ 地球上其他生物的入侵？ 3 你认为：什么是“生物入侵”？ 4 你知道哪些生物是入侵生物？ 5 你选修这门课的目的是想了解什么？ 6 第一讲 引 言 常见的入侵生物 人类活动与生物入侵的关系 7 虾肉蛋白质含量较高，占总 体的16-20左右，脂肪 含量不到0.2 1. 常见的入侵生物 8 龙虾（学名：克氏原螯虾） 9 原产地： 美国中南部路易斯安 那州（Louisiana） 广泛分布于 长江中下游 各省市 世界级的生物入
30、 侵物种：欧洲、 非洲、澳大利亚 、加拿大、新西 兰和美国 20世纪初随国外货轮压仓水 等途径进入我国境内 克氏原螯虾 10 克氏原螯虾的特点 杂食性 生长速度快 适应能力强：能忍受长达四个月的枯水期 ，也能适应河口淡咸水交汇的微盐环境 11 克氏原螯虾 活体 12 克氏原螯虾 生境 13 水花生 （空心莲子草，喜旱莲子草，革命草） 14 水花生 （空心莲子草、喜旱莲子草、革命草） 15 水花生的生境 16 近干枯的茎能复活 水花生的繁殖 17 其肉质细嫩鲜美，含有 丰富的蛋白质、胡萝卜 素、多种维生素和矿物 质，是餐桌上的佳肴， 由于含脂量低，是高血 压、冠心病患者的优质 滋补品 18 福寿
31、螺 19 福寿螺成灾 20 令人痛心的福寿螺 21 福寿螺 1981年引入中国 福寿螺食量大，咬食水稻等农作植物，可造成 严重减产，是名副其实的水稻杀手 另外福寿螺的螺壳锋利，容易划伤农民的手脚 大量粪便能污染水体 因每只雌螺可年产卵万粒左右，繁殖量惊人， 可造成其他水生物种灭绝，极易破坏当地的湿 地生态系统和农业生态系统 福 寿 螺 及 卵 块 22 23 24 25 凤眼莲（水葫芦） 26 水葫芦泛滥 27 凤眼莲（水葫芦） 漂浮植物 叶柄处有泡囊承担叶花的重量，悬浮于水 面生长 无性繁殖能力极强。由腋芽长出的匍匐枝 既形成新株。母株与新株的匍匐枝很脆嫩 ，断离后又可成为新株 28 凤眼莲
32、（水葫芦） 原产于南美洲亚马逊河流域 1884年，它作为观赏植物被带到美国的 一个园艺博览会上，当时被预言为“美化 世界的淡紫色花冠”，并从此迅速开始了 它的走向世界之旅 见于我国华北、华东、华中和华南19个省 已经广泛分布于北美、非洲、亚洲、大洋 洲和欧洲的至少62个国家 29 生物入侵： l是指物种从自然分布区通过有意或无意的人类 活动引入其他地区 l在自然或半自然生态系统中形成自我再生能力 l并给当地的生态系统或景观造成明显损害或影 响的现象 外来物种打败“主人”，“反客为主” 30 哪些人类活动可能导致生物入侵？ 31 2. 人类活动与生物入侵的关系 32 食物的寻求与供应创造了初始文
33、明 人类的历史起始 可以追溯到大约 距今400多万年 前，远古人类化 石和旧石器文化 遗产存在大约距 今250万年前 33 人类的迁移自然物种的入侵 人类最早可能出现在非洲和亚洲。大约20万年 前人类扩展到欧亚地区；4-6万年前出现在大 洋洲，2万年前进入美洲，随后人类遍布全球 各个地区。人类这个自然物种的迁移是自然入 侵其他地区的很好例证。 34 战争强化了外来入侵物种的侵袭 35 战争强化了外来入侵物种的侵袭 残酷的战争充当对衰弱民众的清除器，也是破坏甚 至毁灭一个地区生态系统和生物物种资源的利器 几千年来军队就是物种从一地迁往另一地的重要载 体，其中一些转变为入侵种。战争强化了外来物种
34、的入侵和侵蚀，是历史上造成大规模外来物种入侵 的强大推动力 战争有效地传播外来入侵物种，并为入侵物种开道 ，同时军队传播新疾病 36 空心莲子草 空心莲子草（水花生） ： 侵华日军留下的遗祸 空心莲子草原产于巴西。 20世纪30年代末，空心莲子草由侵华 日军作养军马的饲料引种至我国，起先 在上海郊区栽培。1958年，我国南方 一些省市将其作为猪羊饲草推广，随后 又被进一步引入华东、华中、华南、西 南等广大地区。 侵 华 日 军 37 1918年的欧洲和美国，不得不 忍受战争和疾病带来的双重痛 苦。 1918年第一次世界大战期间爆发的“杀 人流感”，随着战争的进行得到大范围 传播，死亡人数（20
35、00万4000万人） 甚至比战争死亡人数还要高得多。 流 感 38 狂犬病 狂犬病原存在于中亚高原，后来很快横扫欧洲。这 是由于军队作战期间，随军队带入了携带这种病毒 的牲畜作为军粮或运输工具而蔓延开来的。 39 移民推动了物种的“大迁徙” 人类迁移路线 40 （1254-1324年） 著名的意大利旅行家 马可波罗 41 马可波罗游记开辟了欧洲的新时代 马可波罗从中国回祖国后，威尼斯和 热那亚发生战争，马可波罗参战，并 战败被俘，关在热那亚的监牢里 热那亚人听说他是个著名的旅行家， 纷纷到监牢里来访问他，请他讲东方和 中国的故事 跟马可波罗一起关在监牢里的有一个 名叫鲁思梯谦的作家，把马可波罗
36、讲 述的故事记录了下来，编成一本书，这 就是著名的马可波罗游记 42 马可波罗 马可波罗和他的父亲及叔叔在中国居留 15年之久 他们漫游中国有两条线路： l一条是东行路线，即沿海向南行驶，经过中国 北部、中国中部和南部到达杭州和泉州 l另一条是西南路线，即向西南进发，到达西藏 东部和与这个地区毗邻的地方 43 马可波罗 马可波罗在东方最富有的国家中国的 所见所闻，后来在欧洲广为流传，激起了 欧洲人对东方的热烈向往，对以后新航路 的开辟产生了巨大的影响 同时，西方地理学家还根据书中的描述， 绘制了早期的“世界地图” 44 哥伦布 克里斯托弗哥伦布 （1451-1506年） 西班牙著名航海家 45
37、 哥伦布 哥伦布生于意大利热那亚的工人家庭，是 信奉基督教的犹太人后裔 自幼热爱航海，读过马可波罗游记， 从那里得知中国、印度这些东方国家十分 富有，简直是“黄金遍地，香料盈野”，于 是幻想着去那诱人的东方世界 地圆说的信奉者 46 哥伦布 1492年10月11日，哥伦布到达了美洲的巴哈马群岛。 岛上的人全是裸体，自以为到了东印度群岛的哥伦布， 把这些土著居民称为“印第安人” 巴哈马群岛 美 国 古巴 印第安人 47 哥伦布 哥伦布在1492年到1502年间四次横渡大 西洋，发现了美洲大陆，这对世界历史的 影响比他本人可能预料的还要大 他的这一发现是历史上的一个重大转折点 ，开创了新大陆开发和殖民的新纪元 48 哥伦布 哥伦布的这一发现，导致了美国印第安人 文明的毁灭 49 首次小规模物种迁移 欧洲人的殖民统治 欧洲人在北美、澳大利亚、新西兰及其他 地方实行殖民统治，5000万欧洲移民涌 入南北美洲、大洋洲及世界其他地方 同时，最初的移民过程也携带了一些转移 物种如：小麦、黑麦等谷物
