1、tion n.目的地，终点；目标 destroy vt.破坏；消灭；打破 destruction n.破坏，毁灭，消灭 detail n.细节；枝节；零件 detect vt.察觉，发觉；侦察 detection n.察觉，发觉；侦察 determination n.决心；决定；确定 determine vt.决定；查明；决心 develop vt.发展；形成；开发 development n.发展；开发；生长 device n.器械，装置；设计 devil n.魔鬼，恶魔 devise vt.设计，发明 devote vt.将奉献，致力于 dew n.露，露水 diagram n.图解，图表
2、，简图 dial n.钟面；拨号盘 vt.拨 dialect n.方言，土语，地方话 dialog n.对话，对白 diameter n.直径 diamond n.金钢石，钻石；菱形 diary n.日记，日记簿 dictate vt.&vi.口授；命令 dictation n.口授笔录，听写 dictionary n.词典，字典 differ vi.不同，相异 difference n.差别；差；分歧 different a.差异的；各种的 difficult a.困难的；难对付的 difficulty a.困难；难事；困境 digest vt.消化；领会 n.文摘 digital a.数字
3、的，计数的 diligent a.勤勉的，勤奋的 dim a.昏暗的；朦胧的 dimension n.尺寸，尺度；面积 dinner n.正餐，主餐；宴会 dip vt.浸，蘸 vi.浸一浸 direct a.直接的；直率的 direction n.方向，方位；指导 directly ad.直接地；立即 director n.指导者；理事；导演 dirt n.尘，土；污物，污垢 dirty a.脏的；下流的 disable vt.使无能，使伤残 disadvantage n.不利，不利地位 disagree vi.有分歧；不一致 disappear vi.不见，失踪；消失 disappoint
4、 vt.使失望，使受挫折 disaster n.灾难，灾祸；天灾 disk n.圆盘，唱片；磁盘 discard vt.丢弃，抛弃，遗弃 discharge vt.释放；排出 n.释放 discipline n.纪律；训练 vt.训练 disclose vt.揭开，揭发；透露 discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心 discover vt.发现；暴露，显示 discovery n.发现；被发现的事物 discuss vt.讨论，谈论；论述 disease n.病，疾病；病害 disguise vi.隐瞒，掩埋 n.假装 disgust n.厌恶，憎恶 dish n.碟，盘子；菜肴 dish
5、onour n.不光彩；丢脸的人 dismiss vt.不再考虑；解雇 disorder n.混乱，杂乱；骚乱 display vt.陈列，展览；显示 disposal n.丢掉，处理，销毁 dispose vi.去掉，丢掉；销毁 displease vt.使不愉快，使生气 dispute vi.争论，争执 n.争论 dissatisfy vi.使不满，使不平 dissolve vt.使溶解；解散 distance n.距离，间距；远处 distant a.在远处的，疏远的 distinct a.与其他不同的 distinction n.差别，不同，区分 distinguish vt.区别，辨
6、别，认别 distress n.忧虑，悲伤；不幸 distribute vt.分发，分送；分布 distribution n.分发，分配；分布 district n.区；地区，区域 disturb vt.打扰，扰乱；弄乱 ditch n.沟，沟渠，渠道 dive vi.跳水；潜水；俯冲 diverse a.不一样的，相异的 divide vt.分；分配；分开 division n.分，分配；除法 divorce n.离婚，离异 vi.离婚 dock n.船坞；码头；船厂 domestic a.本国的；家庭的 donkey n.驴；笨蛋 dorm n.宿舍 dormitory n.集体寝室；宿舍
7、 dose n.剂量，用量；一剂 dot n.点，圆点 vt.打点于 doubt n.怀疑；疑虑 vt.怀疑 doubtful a.难以预测的；怀疑的 doubtless ad.无疑地；很可能 downward a.向下的 ad.向下地 dozen n.一打，十二个 draft n.草稿；汇票 vt.起草 drag vt.拖，拉；拖曳 dragon n.龙；凶暴的人 drain vt.排去；放水 n.耗竭 drama n.一出戏剧，剧本 dramatic a.引人注目的，戏剧的 draw vt.画，划；拖；拨出 drawer n.抽屉 drawing n.图画，素描；绘图 dread n.畏惧
8、；KB vt.惧怕 dream n.梦；梦想 vi.做梦 dress n.女服，童装；服装 drift vi.漂流，漂泊 n.漂流 drill n.钻头；操练 vi.钻孔 drink vt.饮 vi.喝 n.饮料 drip vi.滴下；漏水 n.水滴 drop vt.使落下；降低 drought n.旱灾，干旱 drown vi.淹死，溺死 drug n.药，药物，药材 drum n.鼓；鼓状物，圆桶 drunk a.醉的；陶醉的 dry a.干的，干燥的 due a.预期的；应给的 dull a.枯燥的；不鲜明的 dumb a.哑的；无言的 dump vt.倾卸，倾倒；倾销 durable
9、a.耐久的，耐用的 duration n.持续，持久 during prep.在期间 dwelling n.住处，寓所 dye vt.染 n.染料；染色 dying a.垂死的；临终的 dynamic a.有活力的；动力的 each pron.各，各自 a.各 eager a.渴望的，热切的 eagle n.鹰 ear n.耳朵；听力，听觉 early ad.早 a.早的，早期的 earn vt.赚得，挣得；获得 earnest a.认真的，诚恳的 earthquake n.地震；大震荡 ease n.容易，舒适 vt.缓和 easily ad.容易地；舒适的 eastern a.东方的；朝东
10、的 echo n.回声，反响 vi.重复 economic a.经济的，经济学的 economical a.节约的；经济学的 economy n.经济；节约，节省 edge n.边缘，边；刀口 edition n.版，版本，版次 editor n.编辑，编者，校订者 educate vt.教育；培养；训练 education n.教育；训导；教育学 effect n.结果；效果，效力 effective a.有效的；有影响的 efficiency n.效率；功效，效能 efficient a.效率高的，有能力的 effort n.努力；努力的成果 elaborate a.复杂的；精心制作的 e
11、lastic n.松紧带 a.有弹性的 elbow n.肘，肘部；弯管 elect vt.选举，推选；选择 election n.选举，选择权；当选 electric a.电的，电动的 electrical a.电的，电气科学的 electricity n.电，电学；电流 electron n.电子 electronic a.电子的 electronics n.电子学 element n.成分；要素；元素 elementary a.基本的；初级的 elephant n.象 elevator n.电梯；升降机 eliminate vt.消灭，消除，排除 elimination n.消灭，排除，消
12、除 else ad.其它，另外 a.别的 elsewhere ad.在别处，向别处 embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为难 embrace vt.拥抱；包括；包围 emerge vi.出现，涌现；冒出 emergency n.紧急情况，突然事件 emit vt.散发；发射；发表 emotional a.感情的，情绪的 emperor n.皇帝 emphasis n.强调，重点，重要性 emphasize vt.强调，着重 empire n.帝国 employ vi.雇用；用；使忙于 employee n.受雇者，雇员，雇工 employer n.雇佣者，雇主 employment n.工业；
13、雇用；使用 enclose vt.围住，圈起；附上 encounter vt.遭遇，遇到 n.遭遇 encourage vt.鼓励，支持，助长 endure vt.忍受；容忍 enemy n.敌人；仇敌；敌兵 energy n.活力；精力；能 enforce vt.实施，执行；强制 engage vt.使从事于；聘用 engine n.发动机，引擎；机车 engineer n.工程师，技师 engineering n.工程，工程学 enlarge vt.扩大，扩展；放大 enormous a.巨大的，庞大的 ensure vt.保证；保护；赋予 entertain vt.使欢乐；招待 enth
14、usiasm n.热情，热心，热忱 enthusiastic a.热情的，热心的 entire a.全部的，整个的 entitle vt.给权利(或资格) entraDoctoral degree 1,5501,2721,038712626444Masters degreeBachelors degreeSome college, no degreeHigh school diplomaLess than high school degree2012 年 12 月大学英语四级真题(3)Part Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡 1 上，请在答题卡 1 上作答。D
15、irection: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings of 2010). Please write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Education: A Worthy InvestmentWeekly earnings in 2010($)Source:
16、 U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsEducation PaysPart Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices m
17、arked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Suffering in silenceDespite a law designed to protect them, many people with disabling conditions are unaware of their rights. Carole Concha-Bell tells of her experiences.Being diagnosed wit
18、h a disabling condition is always a shock. Learning to live without the guarantee of health is like having to unlearn a previous life. The implications for your working life may seem intimidating.There is the disability Discrimination Act (DDA), of course. But does it really provide the protection i
19、n the workplace that parliament intended? Are employers merely paying lip service to the DDA? Or are they even aware of an employers legal duties and responsibilities?In my experience, it is the latter. I have received little support from employers to whom I have revealed my condition. This has ofte
20、n left me feeling at a disadvantage and wondering why I bothered doing so in the first place.I had been struggling with illness long before I was diagnosed. In practical terms the diagnosis did little to aid me. Of course, it enabled me to understand my body, my limitations and set me on a course to
21、 stabilize my symptoms. But it brought a new dilemma. Where I had previously struggled to work while ill, ignorant of why my body was misbehaving, I now had a name for my daily struggle: Lupus (狼疮). This is a chronic (慢性的), auto-immune disorder that can affect virtually any system in the body. It al
22、so leaves a huge, dark question hanging over my head when seeking employment: should I tell my employers I have a condition? It is a dilemma that continues to be a root cause of anxiety both for myself and for thousands of other UK employees.The rocky road to my unfortunate enlightenment about work
23、and disability began just after graduation when Id set my sights on a career in communications and landed my dream job with a respected public relations consultancy (咨询公司) in Bristol. But while I was learning the art of media relations, my body wasnt quite making it in health terms. I often went to
24、work with swollen limbs and fevers. At my first and last performance review, my boss was amazed that, despite my many capabilities, I hadnt quite taken control of my responsibilities. A few months later, my contract wasnt renewed and I plunged further into new depths of ill health.However, I was det
25、ermined not to be beaten and returned to the interview trail. My next job was in publishing. But despite a shining performance at the interview, I felt like a fraud. How long would it be before I sank into ill health and depression again?The job was to end with a monumental bang when I became so poo
26、rly I could no longer function. A few feverish weeks in bed ended in a specialist appointment, where I was diagnosed with Lupus and rushed into hospital for fear that it may have attacked my internal organs.The next 12 months were filled with confusion. I had no idea about benefits, felt alienated (
27、被视为另类) by the medical establishment and lived off my savings until I was broke. I realized I needed help from my family and moved to London.As soon as I felt better, I marched into a marketing recruitment consultancy and, within 10 minutes, I had impressed the interviewer enough to be offered a job
28、with the agency. We agreed on a decent salary and I told him had arthritis (关节炎) and would need to work a four-day week.Things went well at the start but soon the client meetings began to fall on my day off, and I rarely left the office on time. I began to slip both in health and professional terms.
29、 The 10-hour days crashed around my head; no amount of make-up could disguise my ill health as I battled against the odds to prove to myself that I cold still make it in the business world. I often cried on the bus on the way back from work.Not long before my contract was due to be made permanent, I
30、 was called to the bosss office and given the “talk” abut how my performance was slipping, how awful I looked. I felt too weak to fight back and agreed to leave. No attempts to offer adjustments to my job, such as being able to work from home, were ever made. I had a case for unfair dismissal under
31、the DDA, but was ignorant of this at the time.An estimated 10 million people in UK, or 17% of the population, qualify for disability status under the DDA. I have encountered a number of them: the liver-diseased boss; the co-worker with a heart condition; and my asthmatic (哮喘的) trainee-teacher friend
32、. None had disclosed (透露) their conditions to employers, and all were feeling the strain of not doing so.To access your rights under the DDA and to request “reasonable adjustments” to your working conditions or your workplace requires disclosure. I had warned my former employer about my condition bu
33、t it served little purpose. They were ignorant about their obligations to their disabled staff.However, there are plenty of forward-thinking organizations that have inclusive recruitment policies; are more likely to employ a worker with a disability; and are more aware of their legal duties. The pub
34、lic sector out-performs the private, but not always the voluntary, according to studies for the Disabilities Rights Commission.I decided to give the voluntary sector a go and was surprised to be offered flexible working conditions and other solutions to meet my needs as an employee. But given the ch
35、oice, I would still prefer a career in the private sector, which for me is more dynamic, has more attractive salaries and offers better prospects than the voluntary or public sectors.Despite the advances of the DDA, there will always be an army of workers who will soldier on, maybe aware of their ri
36、ghts but choosing to remain silent for personal reasons. It is important, though, to recognize the significance of the act, the protection it affords and the obligations that employers have to us as employees and as human beings.注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。1. What is peoples immediate response when they ar
37、e first diagnosed with a disabling condition?A They report the situation on their employers.B They come to realize the value of good health.C They feel nervous about their work prospects.D They try to seek protection from the DDA.2. When the author revealed her condition to her employers, they .A we
38、re quite sympathetic toward herB did not give her the support she needed.C made adjustments to meet her needsD were annoyed not to be informed earlier3. When the author was diagnosed with Lupus, she was in a dilemma whether she should .A ask for assistance from her fellow workersB find employment at
39、 a different companyC ignore her limitations and struggle to workD inform her employers of her disability status4. The author lost her job at the public relations consultancy in Bristol because .A her boss had fund a much better replacementB she was in no mood at all to discharge her dutiesC her per
40、formance was disappointing to her bossD she fail to show up for her performance review 5. Why did the author feel like a fraud when she got her second job?A She knew she would fall ill any time again.B She was not as competent as she appeared to be.C She concealed the fact that she had just been fir
41、ed.D She pretended to be very keen on the job.6. Why did the author move to London?A To get help from her family. B To receive better medical care.C To start a consulting business. D To seek a more suitable job.7. The author worked hard at the marketing recruitment consultancy in order to .A earn th
42、e bosss appreciation and clients recognitionB demonstrate her strong willpower to conquer illnessC provide for herself without protection from the DDAD prove herself capable of success in the business world8. Although many people qualify for disability status in the UK, they would rather not tell th
43、eir employers about .9. The author was offered flexible working conditions in the voluntary sector, but if she had a choice, she would still like to work in .10. The author stresses that it is important to recognize employers to their disabled employees.Part Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Secti
44、on ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During
45、the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。11. A He needs another week for the painting. B The painting was completed just in tim
46、e.C The building wont open until next week. D His artistic work has been well received.12. A Go camping. B Rent a tent.C Decorate his house. D organize a party.13. A She talked with Mr. Wright on the phone. B She is about to call Mr. Wrights secretary.C She will see Mr. Wright at lunch time. D She f
47、ailed to reach Mr. Wright.14. A He is actually very hardworking. B He has difficulty finishing his project.C He needs to spend more time in the lab. D He seldom tells the truth about himself.15. A Rules restricting smoking. B Ways to quit smoking.C Smokers health problems. D Hazards of passive smoki
48、ng.16. A He is out of town all morning. B He is tied up in family matters.C He has been writing a report. D He has got meetings to attend.17. A He is not easy-going. B He is the speakers boss.C He is not at home this weekend. D He seldom invites people to his home.18. A Take a break. B Refuel his car.C Ask the way.
